Peptic Ulcers Pathophysiology
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Pathophysilogy of Ulcer introduction, causes of ulcer classification , test used to diagnoed ulcer, ,drug used to cure ulcer with their mechanism,references.
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Antiulcer agent
This document discusses antiulcer agents and classifies them. It defines an antiulcer agent as a compound that prevents or treats ulcers, especially in the stomach or duodenum. Peptic ulcers occur where gastric acid and pepsin act, due to an imbalance between aggressive factors like acid and pepsin and defensive factors like mucus and prostaglandins. Antiulcer agents are classified into groups that reduce acid secretion like H2 blockers and proton pump inhibitors, neutralize acid like antacids, protect the ulcer, or treat H. pylori infections. H2 blockers suppress acid secretion by blocking H2 receptors on parietal cells, while proton pump inhibitors irreversibly block
PEPTIC ULCER, ITS MANAGEMENT AND OMEPRAZOLE
This document provides information about peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and its treatment with Omeprazole. PUD is caused by an imbalance between gastric acid and the stomach's protective mechanisms. Helicobacter pylori infection is responsible for most cases of PUD. Omeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor that suppresses gastric acid production by inhibiting the hydrogen-potassium ATPase enzyme in parietal cells. It has high bioavailability, is well-tolerated though some patients report side effects like headache and diarrhea. Omeprazole is effective for treating PUD and in combination with antibiotics can help eradicate H. pylori infections. It provides effective relief of symptoms from conditions
Anti ulcer drug
Peptic ulcers are caused by an imbalance between aggressive factors like gastric acid and protective factors in the stomach and intestines. Common symptoms include abdominal pain, loss of appetite, weight loss, and nausea. Antiulcer drugs work by reducing acid secretion, neutralizing acid, protecting the stomach lining, or eliminating H. pylori bacteria. Major classes of antiulcer drugs are H2 receptor antagonists, proton pump inhibitors, antacids, mucosal protective agents, and anti-H. pylori drugs. Each class has different mechanisms of action and potential side effects.
Anti ulcer drugs
This document provides information about various types of anti-ulcer drugs, including their mechanisms of action and effects. It discusses anti-pyloric drugs/antibiotics that treat ulcers caused by H. pylori and C. pylori bacteria. It also describes antacids that neutralize stomach acid, drugs that decrease stomach acid secretion like H2 receptor blockers and proton pump inhibitors, and ulcer protective drugs like sucralfate and colloidal bismuth that coat and protect ulcer bases. Finally, it mentions ulcer healing drugs that stimulate mucus secretion to increase gastric mucosal protection and healing.
Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI)
This document discusses proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) which are a group of drugs that reduce gastric acid production. PPIs are used to treat common gastrointestinal issues like gastritis, dyspepsia, peptic ulcers, and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The causes, symptoms, and treatment approaches for each condition are described. Specifically, the document focuses on esomeprazole as a clinically used PPI and discusses its unique selling propositions and market share.
Proton pump inhibitors (ppi)
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) like omeprazole irreversibly inhibit the gastric H+/K+-ATPase enzyme to reduce acid secretion. They are effective for treating acid-related disorders like GERD and peptic ulcers. PPIs have high bioavailability but require acidic conditions for activation. Common side effects include diarrhea and headache, while long term use may increase risks of infections, fractures, and nutrient deficiencies. Drug interactions are rare due to short half-lives, but some PPIs inhibit CYP2C19 and decrease clopidogrel effectiveness.
pharmacology of peptic ulcer disease
This document discusses peptic ulcer disease. It defines peptic ulcers as open sores that develop in the stomach or upper small intestine. The main causes of peptic ulcers are Helicobacter pylori bacteria, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome. Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome is a rare condition characterized by tumors that produce excessive amounts of the hormone gastrin, triggering overproduction of gastric acid. The document discusses the diagnosis and treatment of peptic ulcers, including antibiotics to treat H. pylori infections and acid-reducing drugs like proton pump inhibitors and H2 receptor blockers.
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PEPTIC ULCER, ITS MANAGEMENT AND OMEPRAZOLE
This document provides information about peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and its treatment with Omeprazole. PUD is caused by an imbalance between gastric acid and the stomach's protective mechanisms. Helicobacter pylori infection is responsible for most cases of PUD. Omeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor that suppresses gastric acid production by inhibiting the hydrogen-potassium ATPase enzyme in parietal cells. It has high bioavailability, is well-tolerated though some patients report side effects like headache and diarrhea. Omeprazole is effective for treating PUD and in combination with antibiotics can help eradicate H. pylori infections. It provides effective relief of symptoms from conditions
Anti ulcer drug
Peptic ulcers are caused by an imbalance between aggressive factors like gastric acid and protective factors in the stomach and intestines. Common symptoms include abdominal pain, loss of appetite, weight loss, and nausea. Antiulcer drugs work by reducing acid secretion, neutralizing acid, protecting the stomach lining, or eliminating H. pylori bacteria. Major classes of antiulcer drugs are H2 receptor antagonists, proton pump inhibitors, antacids, mucosal protective agents, and anti-H. pylori drugs. Each class has different mechanisms of action and potential side effects.
Anti ulcer drugs
This document provides information about various types of anti-ulcer drugs, including their mechanisms of action and effects. It discusses anti-pyloric drugs/antibiotics that treat ulcers caused by H. pylori and C. pylori bacteria. It also describes antacids that neutralize stomach acid, drugs that decrease stomach acid secretion like H2 receptor blockers and proton pump inhibitors, and ulcer protective drugs like sucralfate and colloidal bismuth that coat and protect ulcer bases. Finally, it mentions ulcer healing drugs that stimulate mucus secretion to increase gastric mucosal protection and healing.
Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI)
This document discusses proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) which are a group of drugs that reduce gastric acid production. PPIs are used to treat common gastrointestinal issues like gastritis, dyspepsia, peptic ulcers, and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The causes, symptoms, and treatment approaches for each condition are described. Specifically, the document focuses on esomeprazole as a clinically used PPI and discusses its unique selling propositions and market share.
Proton pump inhibitors (ppi)
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) like omeprazole irreversibly inhibit the gastric H+/K+-ATPase enzyme to reduce acid secretion. They are effective for treating acid-related disorders like GERD and peptic ulcers. PPIs have high bioavailability but require acidic conditions for activation. Common side effects include diarrhea and headache, while long term use may increase risks of infections, fractures, and nutrient deficiencies. Drug interactions are rare due to short half-lives, but some PPIs inhibit CYP2C19 and decrease clopidogrel effectiveness.
pharmacology of peptic ulcer disease
This document discusses peptic ulcer disease. It defines peptic ulcers as open sores that develop in the stomach or upper small intestine. The main causes of peptic ulcers are Helicobacter pylori bacteria, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome. Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome is a rare condition characterized by tumors that produce excessive amounts of the hormone gastrin, triggering overproduction of gastric acid. The document discusses the diagnosis and treatment of peptic ulcers, including antibiotics to treat H. pylori infections and acid-reducing drugs like proton pump inhibitors and H2 receptor blockers.
Drugs used in peptic ulcer
The document summarizes drugs used to treat peptic ulcers. It discusses how gastric acid secretion is regulated and the roles of histamine, acetylcholine, and gastrin. It outlines approaches to treatment including eradicating Helicobacter pylori infections, reducing acid with H2 receptor antagonists or proton pump inhibitors, and protecting the mucosa. Specific drugs mentioned include omeprazole, lansoprazole, ranitidine, famotidine, misoprostol, and antacids. Adverse effects and pharmacokinetics of the various drug classes are also summarized.
Anti ulcer drug Pharmacology
This document discusses approaches for treating peptic ulcers. It outlines the pathogenesis of peptic ulcers as being caused by an imbalance between aggressive factors like acid and pepsin and defensive factors. The goals of anti-ulcer therapy are relief of pain, ulcer healing, prevention of complications, and prevention of relapse. Major approaches include reducing gastric acid secretion using H2 blockers like cimetidine and ranitidine or proton pump inhibitors like omeprazole. Other approaches are neutralizing gastric acid with antacids, using ulcer protectives like sucralfate, treating H. pylori infections, and reducing acid secretion with anticholinergics like pirenzepine. Specific drugs are discussed
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This document discusses drugs used to treat peptic ulcers and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). It describes the mechanisms and uses of various classes of drugs including antacids, H2 receptor antagonists, proton pump inhibitors, mucosal protective drugs, and anti-Helicobacter pylori drugs. The main goals of antiulcer therapy are relief from pain, promotion of ulcer healing, prevention of complications and relapse. Proton pump inhibitors are now the most widely used drugs for peptic ulcers due to their strong acid suppression and excellent safety profile. Eradication of H. pylori infection is also important for ulcer treatment and prevention.
Peptic ulcer disease (PUD)
Peptic ulcer disease is characterized by sores or breaks in the lining of the gastrointestinal tract, usually occurring in the stomach (gastric ulcer) or duodenum (duodenal ulcer). Risk factors include smoking, alcohol use, steroid use, older age, COPD, stress, and H. pylori infection. Treatment involves eliminating risk factors, antacids, H2 receptor antagonists, proton pump inhibitors, antibiotics for H. pylori infection, cytoprotective agents, and bismuth compounds. H. pylori infection is typically treated with combinations of proton pump inhibitors, clarithromycin or metronidazole, and amoxicillin or metronidazole
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Peptic ulcers are caused by a loss of gastric or duodenal mucosa leading to ulcer formation. Drugs used to treat peptic ulcers work by reducing acid secretion, neutralizing acid, protecting the ulcer, or eradicating Helicobacter pylori infection. Common classes of drugs include H2 receptor antagonists, proton pump inhibitors, antacids, sucralfate, bismuth subcitrate, and multi-drug regimens for H. pylori. The document provides details on the mechanisms, uses, and side effects of these various drug classes.
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This document summarizes information about proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). It defines a proton pump and PPIs, explaining that PPIs reduce stomach acid production by blocking the proton pump enzyme. The document outlines the main uses of PPIs as relieving acid reflux and treating ulcers. It describes the mechanism of action of PPIs in blocking gastric acid secretion. Examples of common PPI drugs are provided. Risks of overuse are mentioned, as well as the need to step down therapy when stopping PPIs to avoid rebound acid effects.
Anti ulcer drugs
This document discusses drugs that act on the gastrointestinal tract. It covers anti-emetic drugs, which are used to treat nausea and vomiting. It describes how they work by blocking receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone of the brain. It also discusses laxatives and their classifications including stimulant, saline, bulk forming, and emollient laxatives. Finally, it covers anti-diarrheal drugs like adsorbents, anti-cholinergic drugs, and opiates which decrease intestinal motility to treat diarrhea.
Anti ulcer drugs
This document discusses anti-ulcer drugs. It states that peptic ulcers are caused by hydrochloric acid destroying the stomach lining, infection with H. pylori bacteria, or long term NSAID use. The goals of anti-ulcer treatment are to relieve pain, accelerate healing, and prevent recurrence. Treatment approaches include reducing acid with antacids or acid production inhibitors, strengthening the mucosal barrier with protective drugs, and eradicating H. pylori infections. Common anti-ulcer drugs fall into categories of acid neutralizers, acid production inhibitors, mucosal protective agents, and antibiotics used in combination with acid reducers to eradicate H. pylori.
Management of peptic ulcer disease
The document outlines the treatment and management of peptic ulcer disease. For H. pylori-positive patients, it recommends triple therapy with a proton pump inhibitor, clarithromycin, and metronidazole or amoxicillin for 14 days. For H. pylori-negative patients, it recommends treatment with proton pump inhibitors or H2 receptor antagonists along with antacids. It describes surgical interventions for complications or treatment failure and recommends lifestyle changes and prophylactic treatment for high-risk patients to prevent ulcers.
peptic ulcer ....
Peptic ulcers form in the lining of the stomach, esophagus, or small intestine. Around 80% of ulcers are caused by Helicobacter pylori bacteria. Symptoms include abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting of blood. Diagnosis involves tests to detect H. pylori infection and endoscopy to view the ulcers. Treatment focuses on eliminating H. pylori with antibiotics and reducing acid with proton pump inhibitors or H2 blockers to promote healing. Lifestyle changes and medications that protect the stomach lining can also help treat peptic ulcers.
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Presentation on peptic ulcer
Peptic ulcers develop in parts of the gastrointestinal tract exposed to gastric acid and pepsin. Risk factors include H. pylori infection, NSAID use, and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. H. pylori bacteria attack the stomach's mucus lining and expose it to acid, potentially causing ulcers, gastritis, or stomach cancer. Treatment involves antibiotics to eliminate H. pylori along with proton pump inhibitors to reduce acid. Herbal treatments with plants like ginger, turmeric, and green tea can provide anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects as well. Drug interactions must be monitored as some herbs interact with common medications.
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The document discusses peptic ulcers, including their causes, risk factors, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. Peptic ulcers are open sores in the lining of the stomach or small intestine caused by an imbalance of protective and damaging factors. Common treatments include H2 blockers, proton pump inhibitors, antacids, and antibiotics to treat Helicobacter pylori infections. These drugs help reduce acid production and promote healing of ulcers.
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This document discusses drugs used to treat peptic ulcer disease. It begins by defining peptic ulcers and their causes, including H. pylori infection and NSAID use. It then categorizes and describes the mechanisms and uses of common drug classes to reduce acid secretion like H2 blockers and proton pump inhibitors or protect the mucosa with drugs like sucralfate and bismuth. Adverse effects and interactions of representative drugs from each class like cimetidine and omeprazole are also outlined.
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This document discusses peptic ulcers, including their definition, types, causes, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, pathogenesis, differential diagnosis, allopathic management, and holistic management approaches like diet therapy, acupuncture, hydrotherapy, chromotherapy, massage therapy, herbal remedies, and yoga therapy. The holistic approaches aim to promote healing and repair of damaged tissue through strategies like probiotics, antioxidants, dietary polyphenols, and protective foods.
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Ref books
1.KD Tripathi
2.HL Sharma& KK Sharma
3.Sparsh Gupta
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Treatment of peptic ulcer
The document summarizes different types of antacids and drugs used to treat peptic ulcers and eradicate Helicobacter pylori infections. It describes proton pump inhibitors as the most effective antiulcer drugs that irreversibly inhibit the proton pump. It also discusses histamine-2 receptor antagonists, prostaglandin analogs, mucosal protective agents, and triple and quadruple drug therapies used to eradicate H. pylori infections.
Esomeprazole medical knowledge
Esomeprazole is the most advanced PPI for acid regulation. It is more effective than omeprazole at reducing acid production due to higher bioavailability from less first-pass metabolism. Esomeprazole has indications for treating GERD, dyspepsia, H. pylori infection, erosive esophagitis, NSAID-induced ulcers, and pathological hypersecretory conditions. It has typical PPI side effects like diarrhea and headaches. Esomeprazole has drug-drug interactions and its dosage depends on the condition being treated, ranging from once daily for GERD to twice daily for Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.
Antacids and Antiulcerants
This document summarizes information about gastric acid secretion and factors that influence it. It discusses:
1) Gastric acid is produced by parietal cells in the stomach and plays a key role in protein digestion. Parietal cells secrete acid in response to gastrin, histamine, and acetylcholine.
2) Peptic ulcers are caused by an imbalance between gastric acid and the protective mucus lining, often due to H. pylori infection. Antacids and proton pump inhibitors are used to treat ulcers by reducing acid.
3) Proton pump inhibitors irreversibly block the proton pump in parietal cells, strongly inhibiting gastric acid secretion.
Peptic ulcer
Peptic ulcers are open sores that develop on the inside lining of esophagus, stomach and/or the upper portion of small intestine. Peptic ulcer occur mainly due to imbalance between aggressive and defensive factors in the stomach.
peptic_ulcer_disease.ppt
Peptic ulcer disease is caused by a disturbance in the mucosal barrier that protects the stomach and duodenum from acid and pepsin. This allows acid and pepsin to damage the lining and cause ulcers. Treatment involves reducing acid production through proton pump inhibitors or H2 blockers. Additional treatments include antacids to neutralize acid, ulcer protectives like sucralfate to form a protective barrier, and multi-drug regimens to eliminate the bacteria H. pylori when present. Lifestyle changes and avoidance of NSAIDs and smoking are also important parts of treatment and management.
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This document discusses drugs used to treat peptic ulcers and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). It describes the mechanisms and uses of various classes of drugs including antacids, H2 receptor antagonists, proton pump inhibitors, mucosal protective drugs, and anti-Helicobacter pylori drugs. The main goals of antiulcer therapy are relief from pain, promotion of ulcer healing, prevention of complications and relapse. Proton pump inhibitors are now the most widely used drugs for peptic ulcers due to their strong acid suppression and excellent safety profile. Eradication of H. pylori infection is also important for ulcer treatment and prevention.
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Peptic ulcer disease is characterized by sores or breaks in the lining of the gastrointestinal tract, usually occurring in the stomach (gastric ulcer) or duodenum (duodenal ulcer). Risk factors include smoking, alcohol use, steroid use, older age, COPD, stress, and H. pylori infection. Treatment involves eliminating risk factors, antacids, H2 receptor antagonists, proton pump inhibitors, antibiotics for H. pylori infection, cytoprotective agents, and bismuth compounds. H. pylori infection is typically treated with combinations of proton pump inhibitors, clarithromycin or metronidazole, and amoxicillin or metronidazole
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This document discusses drugs used to treat hyperacidity and gastric ulcers. It begins with an introduction to hyperacidity and ulcers, then describes the regulation of gastric acid secretion and mechanisms of acid secretion. It classifies common drug treatments for ulcers such as H2 receptor antagonists, proton pump inhibitors, prostaglandins, and antimicrobials. It also discusses FDA-approved treatment regimens for Helicobacter pylori infections. In conclusion, it notes that while acid secretion plays a role in ulcers, other defensive and offensive factors are also involved, and current drug treatments aim to reduce acid secretion to provide relief while having various side effects.
21.drugs used in peptic ulcer
Peptic ulcers are caused by a loss of gastric or duodenal mucosa leading to ulcer formation. Drugs used to treat peptic ulcers work by reducing acid secretion, neutralizing acid, protecting the ulcer, or eradicating Helicobacter pylori infection. Common classes of drugs include H2 receptor antagonists, proton pump inhibitors, antacids, sucralfate, bismuth subcitrate, and multi-drug regimens for H. pylori. The document provides details on the mechanisms, uses, and side effects of these various drug classes.
Presentation On Proton Pump Inhibitor
This document summarizes information about proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). It defines a proton pump and PPIs, explaining that PPIs reduce stomach acid production by blocking the proton pump enzyme. The document outlines the main uses of PPIs as relieving acid reflux and treating ulcers. It describes the mechanism of action of PPIs in blocking gastric acid secretion. Examples of common PPI drugs are provided. Risks of overuse are mentioned, as well as the need to step down therapy when stopping PPIs to avoid rebound acid effects.
Anti ulcer drugs
This document discusses drugs that act on the gastrointestinal tract. It covers anti-emetic drugs, which are used to treat nausea and vomiting. It describes how they work by blocking receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone of the brain. It also discusses laxatives and their classifications including stimulant, saline, bulk forming, and emollient laxatives. Finally, it covers anti-diarrheal drugs like adsorbents, anti-cholinergic drugs, and opiates which decrease intestinal motility to treat diarrhea.
Anti ulcer drugs
This document discusses anti-ulcer drugs. It states that peptic ulcers are caused by hydrochloric acid destroying the stomach lining, infection with H. pylori bacteria, or long term NSAID use. The goals of anti-ulcer treatment are to relieve pain, accelerate healing, and prevent recurrence. Treatment approaches include reducing acid with antacids or acid production inhibitors, strengthening the mucosal barrier with protective drugs, and eradicating H. pylori infections. Common anti-ulcer drugs fall into categories of acid neutralizers, acid production inhibitors, mucosal protective agents, and antibiotics used in combination with acid reducers to eradicate H. pylori.
Management of peptic ulcer disease
The document outlines the treatment and management of peptic ulcer disease. For H. pylori-positive patients, it recommends triple therapy with a proton pump inhibitor, clarithromycin, and metronidazole or amoxicillin for 14 days. For H. pylori-negative patients, it recommends treatment with proton pump inhibitors or H2 receptor antagonists along with antacids. It describes surgical interventions for complications or treatment failure and recommends lifestyle changes and prophylactic treatment for high-risk patients to prevent ulcers.
peptic ulcer ....
Peptic ulcers form in the lining of the stomach, esophagus, or small intestine. Around 80% of ulcers are caused by Helicobacter pylori bacteria. Symptoms include abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting of blood. Diagnosis involves tests to detect H. pylori infection and endoscopy to view the ulcers. Treatment focuses on eliminating H. pylori with antibiotics and reducing acid with proton pump inhibitors or H2 blockers to promote healing. Lifestyle changes and medications that protect the stomach lining can also help treat peptic ulcers.
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Non- pharmacological and pharmacological treatments
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This document summarizes the treatment of acid peptic disease using various drug classes. It discusses proton pump inhibitors, H2 receptor blockers like cimetidine and ranitidine, antacids, mucosal protectants, and more. Specific drugs are listed along with their mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, therapeutic uses, preparations and doses, and potential adverse effects. A comparison is provided between cimetidine and ranitidine.
Presentation on peptic ulcer
Peptic ulcers develop in parts of the gastrointestinal tract exposed to gastric acid and pepsin. Risk factors include H. pylori infection, NSAID use, and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. H. pylori bacteria attack the stomach's mucus lining and expose it to acid, potentially causing ulcers, gastritis, or stomach cancer. Treatment involves antibiotics to eliminate H. pylori along with proton pump inhibitors to reduce acid. Herbal treatments with plants like ginger, turmeric, and green tea can provide anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects as well. Drug interactions must be monitored as some herbs interact with common medications.
Peptic ulcer
The document discusses peptic ulcers, including their causes, risk factors, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. Peptic ulcers are open sores in the lining of the stomach or small intestine caused by an imbalance of protective and damaging factors. Common treatments include H2 blockers, proton pump inhibitors, antacids, and antibiotics to treat Helicobacter pylori infections. These drugs help reduce acid production and promote healing of ulcers.
Peptic Ulcer
This document discusses drugs used to treat peptic ulcer disease. It begins by defining peptic ulcers and their causes, including H. pylori infection and NSAID use. It then categorizes and describes the mechanisms and uses of common drug classes to reduce acid secretion like H2 blockers and proton pump inhibitors or protect the mucosa with drugs like sucralfate and bismuth. Adverse effects and interactions of representative drugs from each class like cimetidine and omeprazole are also outlined.
Peptic ulcer disease
This document discusses peptic ulcers, including their definition, types, causes, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, pathogenesis, differential diagnosis, allopathic management, and holistic management approaches like diet therapy, acupuncture, hydrotherapy, chromotherapy, massage therapy, herbal remedies, and yoga therapy. The holistic approaches aim to promote healing and repair of damaged tissue through strategies like probiotics, antioxidants, dietary polyphenols, and protective foods.
Management of peptic ulcer
Management of peptic ulcer
Ref books
1.KD Tripathi
2.HL Sharma& KK Sharma
3.Sparsh Gupta
4.S K Shriwastava
Treatment of peptic ulcer
The document summarizes different types of antacids and drugs used to treat peptic ulcers and eradicate Helicobacter pylori infections. It describes proton pump inhibitors as the most effective antiulcer drugs that irreversibly inhibit the proton pump. It also discusses histamine-2 receptor antagonists, prostaglandin analogs, mucosal protective agents, and triple and quadruple drug therapies used to eradicate H. pylori infections.
Esomeprazole medical knowledge
Esomeprazole is the most advanced PPI for acid regulation. It is more effective than omeprazole at reducing acid production due to higher bioavailability from less first-pass metabolism. Esomeprazole has indications for treating GERD, dyspepsia, H. pylori infection, erosive esophagitis, NSAID-induced ulcers, and pathological hypersecretory conditions. It has typical PPI side effects like diarrhea and headaches. Esomeprazole has drug-drug interactions and its dosage depends on the condition being treated, ranging from once daily for GERD to twice daily for Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.
Antacids and Antiulcerants
This document summarizes information about gastric acid secretion and factors that influence it. It discusses:
1) Gastric acid is produced by parietal cells in the stomach and plays a key role in protein digestion. Parietal cells secrete acid in response to gastrin, histamine, and acetylcholine.
2) Peptic ulcers are caused by an imbalance between gastric acid and the protective mucus lining, often due to H. pylori infection. Antacids and proton pump inhibitors are used to treat ulcers by reducing acid.
3) Proton pump inhibitors irreversibly block the proton pump in parietal cells, strongly inhibiting gastric acid secretion.
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Peptic ulcer disease is caused by a disturbance in the mucosal barrier that protects the stomach and duodenum from acid and pepsin. This allows acid and pepsin to damage the lining and cause ulcers. Treatment involves reducing acid production through proton pump inhibitors or H2 blockers. Additional treatments include antacids to neutralize acid, ulcer protectives like sucralfate to form a protective barrier, and multi-drug regimens to eliminate the bacteria H. pylori when present. Lifestyle changes and avoidance of NSAIDs and smoking are also important parts of treatment and management.
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PEPTIC ULCER.pptx
H. pylori infection is the leading cause of peptic ulcer disease. Optimal treatment involves 14 days of multidrug therapy with antibiotics and acid suppressants to eradicate H. pylori and reduce risk of recurrence. Initial evaluation with endoscopy is recommended to diagnose and assess patients with alarm symptoms or those failing treatment. Lifestyle modifications like smoking cessation, limited alcohol and stress reduction also help prevent peptic ulcers.
Anti ulcer drugs classification
1) Peptic ulcers are caused by an imbalance between aggressive factors like gastric acid and protective factors in the stomach and duodenum.
2) Anti-ulcer drugs work by decreasing gastric acid secretion, enhancing mucosal protection, or eradicating the H. pylori bacteria responsible for many ulcers.
3) Common classes of anti-ulcer medications include H2 receptor antagonists, proton pump inhibitors, antacids, and anti-H. pylori drugs. H2 receptor antagonists and proton pump inhibitors reduce acid by blocking histamine and the proton pump, while antacids neutralize existing acid.
GIT 7.pptx
This document discusses the pharmacotherapy of peptic ulcers. It begins by outlining the objectives of regulating gastric acid secretion, classifying drugs used to treat ulcers, and their mechanisms of action. It then provides details on the anatomy and physiology of gastric acid secretion and the factors that can disrupt the gastric mucosal barrier and lead to ulcer formation. The document classifies and describes the mechanisms, uses, and side effects of H2 blockers, proton pump inhibitors, antacids, and other drugs used to treat Helicobacter pylori infections and protect the stomach lining.
PEPTIC ULCER.ppt
Peptic ulcers develop in the stomach and upper small intestine and cause pain. Common symptoms include pain, though some people experience blood in vomit or stool. Diagnosis involves tests for H. pylori bacteria and endoscopy to view the ulcers. Treatment depends on the cause but may include antibiotics to treat H. pylori, proton pump inhibitors to reduce acid, antacids, and ulcer protective medications.
L8 DRUGS EFFECTING GIT.pptx
This document summarizes drugs used to treat gastrointestinal disorders including peptic ulcers, gastroesophageal reflux disease, chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, and diarrhea or constipation. It describes classes of drugs like H2 receptor antagonists, proton pump inhibitors, antacids, cytoprotective agents, antiemetics, antimotility agents, and laxatives. It provides details on specific drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, and side effects for treating various GI conditions.
peptic ulcer
This document summarizes various drugs used to treat peptic ulcers caused by excess stomach acid and Helicobacter pylori infection. It discusses histamine antagonists like cimetidine that block acid production. Proton pump inhibitors like omeprazole irreversibly block the acid pump. Sucralfate forms a protective barrier over ulcers. Antibiotics can eliminate H. pylori infections. Lifestyle changes and antacids are also mentioned.
Peptic ulcer
Peptic ulcers occur in the stomach and duodenum due to an imbalance between damaging factors like acid and pepsin and protective mucosal defenses. Common causes are H. pylori infection and NSAID use. Duodenal ulcers are more common and associated with increased risk factors like smoking. Treatment involves eradicating H. pylori with antibiotic therapy, reducing acid with PPIs, cytoprotective agents, and sometimes surgery for complications. Proper diagnosis and management can help promote healing of peptic ulcers.
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Peptic Ulcers Pathophysiology
- 1. Parava rural.college of pharmacy PRESENTED BY r.d.g
- 2. contents Introduction Anatomy and physiology Physiology of acid secretion Tests for Diagnosis H2 Blockers Proton pump inhibitors Antacids Ulcer protective.
- 3. Introduction Peptic ulcer arises when the normal mucosal defence mechanism are impaired or overpowered by the damaging factors. Ulcers occur 5% times more commonly in duodenum than stomach. 95% of them are found in duodenum bulb or in pyloric channel. A gnawing ,dull, hunger like pain in epigastric region is reported by 80-90% of the patients of peptic ulcers.
- 4. Why peptic ulcers occurs- Aggressive Factors • Acid / Pepsin • H. Pylori infection • NSAID’s • Smoking Defensive Factors • Mucus-bicarbonate barrier • Mucosal blood flow • Prostaglandins • Epithelial cell restitution
- 5. CAUSES OF PEPTIC ULCERS Spicy food cosumption Infection due to H.Pyroli Use of NSAIDS Stress
- 6. LOCATIONAND ANATOMY OF STOMACH The stomach is typically a J-shaped enlargement of GI tract directly inferior to the diaphragm in the epigastric , umbilical, and left hypochondriac regions of the abdomen. The stomach has four main regions: A) cardia B) fundus C) body D) pylorus
- 7. PHYSIOLOGY OF ACID SECRETION Three main stimulant of acid secretion- Gastrin from antral G-cells. Histamine from enterochromaffin cells. Acetylcholine from vagal efferent.
- 9. TESTS FOR DIAGNOSIS: Upper gastrointestinal X-ray. Endoscopy. Blood test. Stool antigen test. Urea breath test
- 10. X-Ray
- 11. Endoscopy
- 12. Blood test and Stool antigen test
- 13. Drug use to manage peptic ulcers
- 14. CLASSIFICATIONOF DRUGS USEDIN PEPTIC ULCERS Drug that neutralises gastric acids. Drugs that inhibit/reduces gastric acid secretion. Ulcer protective. Anti H.pyroli.
- 15. A] Reduction of gastric acid secretion 1] H2 antagonist- eg- Cimetidine, Ranitidine 2] Proton pump inhibiters eg- Omeprazol, pantoprazole 3] Anticholinergics eg- Pirenzepine, Propanthaline 4] Prostaglandine analogues eg- Misoprostol, Enprostil C] Cytoprotective eg- Sucralfate D] Ulcer healing eg- Carbenoxolone Na ANTIULCER DRUGS B] Antacid 1] Systemic eg- Na Bicarbonate 2] Non-systemic eg-Mg trisilicate,Al Hydroxide gel Miscellaneous – e.g Alginate E] Antibiotics(Anti helicobacter pylori drugs ) eg- Amoxicillin,clarithromycin,metronidazole,Tetracycline
- 16. H2 BLOCKERS- e.g CIMETIDINE ,RANETIDINE Mechanism of action Inhibit H2 receptors on the parietal cells and suppress basal and food stimulated acid secretion Actions of histamine released from ECL cells through gastrin or vagal stimulation They inhibit direct stimulation of parietal cells by gastrin or Ach
- 17. Clinical uses Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). . Deodenal and peptic ulcer disease. Prevention of stress related gastric bleeding (zollinger Ellison syndrome ). H2 blocker can also be used to treat chronic urticarial.
- 19. HL Sharma, KK Sharma, (2007). '' In: (Ed), Principles of Pharmacology. 1st ed. 2007: New Delhi pp.383-388 Bertram G. Katzung, Susan. B. Masterleof, (2011). '' In: (Ed), Medical Physiology. 12th ed. 2011: India pp.334-339 references Harsh Mohan, (2003). '' In: Jaypee brothers (Ed), Textbook of Pathology. 5th ed. 2003: New Delhi pp.791-793.
- 20. Rang HP, Dale MM, Ritter JM, Moore PK, Flower RJ, (2003). '' In: (ed), Pharmacology. 5th ed. 2003: London pp.289-292 Tripathi KD, (2003). '' In: (Ed), Essential of Medical Pharmacology. 5th ed. 2003: New Delhi pp.211-215