Penetrating chest injury 2003
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The patient was stabbed in the left chest and presented with low blood pressure that increased after intravenous fluids but then complained of worsening chest tightness. The document discusses possible causes including internal bleeding, tension pneumothorax, and cardiac tamponade. It outlines signs, symptoms, and investigations for each and management steps including chest tube placement and indications for emergency thoracotomy.
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Penetrating chest injury
1) Penetrating chest injuries can damage the chest wall, lungs, heart, blood vessels, diaphragm or mediastinum. Signs and symptoms depend on the specific organ injured but may include pain, difficulty breathing, shock or abdominal symptoms.
2) For penetrating injuries to the heart (cardiac tamponade or wound), management depends on the patient's hemodynamic stability. Unstable patients require immediate thoracotomy while stable patients can be evaluated first with ultrasound or surgery.
3) Surgical techniques for penetrating cardiac injury include median sternotomy or left lateral thoracotomy. The pericardium is opened to access the heart. Bleeding from ventricles is controlled manually or with s
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This document discusses various types of chest injuries including blunt injuries, penetrating injuries, crush injuries, and inhalation burns. It covers the mechanisms, clinical features, investigations, and management of different chest traumas. Specific injuries discussed in more detail include tension pneumothorax, open pneumothorax, cardiac tamponade, and massive hemothorax which require immediate intervention due to their life-threatening nature. The document emphasizes the importance of airway management, oxygenation, and treatment of associated injuries in chest trauma patients.
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Rib fractures are the most common thoracic injury from chest trauma. Chest trauma can cause serious injuries like pneumothorax, haemothorax, or flail chest which requires prompt treatment to stabilize breathing and circulation. Medical professionals must carefully assess and monitor patients for changing conditions, as chest trauma can quickly lead to hypoxia, hypotension, and death if the airway, breathing, or circulation are compromised.
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Chest injuries are a leading cause of trauma deaths. Immediate life-threatening chest injuries include airway obstruction, tension pneumothorax, open pneumothorax, massive hemothorax, flail chest, and cardiac tamponade. These injuries can cause death within seconds if not recognized and treated promptly. Potentially life-threatening injuries include cardiac contusion, aortic disruption, diaphragmatic rupture, esophageal injury, pulmonary contusion, and tracheobronchial injuries. Prompt assessment and management following ATLS guidelines is essential to stabilize vital functions and prevent complications such as respiratory failure, shock, and death from chest injuries.
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Penetrating chest injury
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2) For penetrating injuries to the heart (cardiac tamponade or wound), management depends on the patient's hemodynamic stability. Unstable patients require immediate thoracotomy while stable patients can be evaluated first with ultrasound or surgery.
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This document discusses various types of chest injuries including blunt injuries, penetrating injuries, crush injuries, and inhalation burns. It covers the mechanisms, clinical features, investigations, and management of different chest traumas. Specific injuries discussed in more detail include tension pneumothorax, open pneumothorax, cardiac tamponade, and massive hemothorax which require immediate intervention due to their life-threatening nature. The document emphasizes the importance of airway management, oxygenation, and treatment of associated injuries in chest trauma patients.
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Chest trauma can cause serious injury and is a common cause of disability and mortality after head and spinal cord injuries. Mechanisms of injury include blunt trauma, crush injuries, penetrating wounds, burns, and inhalation of foreign objects. Specific injuries include rib fractures, lung injuries, pneumothoraces, hemothoraces, aortic ruptures, and diaphragm injuries. Diagnosis involves history, physical exam noting diminished breath sounds and tracheal deviation, chest X-ray to detect fractures and lung abnormalities, and CT scan which aids in precise diagnosis of injuries.
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Chest trauma is the second leading cause of trauma deaths after head injuries. Common chest injuries include rib fractures, pneumothoraces, hemothoraces, flail chest, and cardiac injuries. Signs and symptoms depend on the specific injury but may include pain, difficulty breathing, decreased breath sounds, subcutaneous emphysema, hypotension, and cardiac issues like arrhythmias. Management involves securing the airway, providing oxygen, assisting ventilation if needed, and rapid transport to definitive care. Suspicion of more serious injuries like tension pneumothorax, cardiac tamponade, or aortic injury warrant prompt treatment and transport.
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This document provides an overview of chest trauma and its management. It discusses that chest trauma accounts for 25% of all trauma deaths and is the second leading cause of trauma deaths after head injuries. It then covers the epidemiology, types, causes, pathophysiology and initial assessment of chest injuries. It describes important life-threatening injuries to assess for such as tension pneumothorax, massive hemothorax, flail chest and cardiac tamponade. It outlines the questions to ask and signs to look for when initially evaluating a patient with chest trauma. It also discusses monitoring the patient, management approaches, and complications to watch out for with chest trauma patients.
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Rib fractures are the most common thoracic injury from chest trauma. Chest trauma can cause serious injuries like pneumothorax, haemothorax, or flail chest which requires prompt treatment to stabilize breathing and circulation. Medical professionals must carefully assess and monitor patients for changing conditions, as chest trauma can quickly lead to hypoxia, hypotension, and death if the airway, breathing, or circulation are compromised.
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- Common injuries from chest trauma include rib fractures, flail chest, pulmonary contusion, pneumothorax, hemothorax, and cardiac/vascular injuries. Aggressive management is needed to support ventilation and treat underlying injuries.
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This document provides an overview of chest trauma, including:
- Common injuries like pneumothorax, hemothorax, flail chest and their signs and symptoms.
- Assessment involves clinical exam, chest x-ray and ultrasound to detect injuries. Chest tube insertion can be both therapeutic and diagnostic.
- "Deadly dozen" life-threatening injuries from chest trauma include tension pneumothorax, cardiac tamponade, aortic disruption and others that often require emergency procedures or surgery.
- Management involves airway control, ventilation, chest tube drainage, analgesia and monitoring for complications like respiratory failure. Operative treatment is indicated for severe injuries or those not responding to initial management.
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This document summarizes various types of thoracic trauma. It discusses chest injuries such as rib fractures, flail chest, pneumothorax, hemothorax, and cardiac injuries including myocardial contusion and cardiac tamponade. It provides details on signs, symptoms, and management of each condition. Thoracic trauma can range from minor rib fractures to life-threatening injuries like aortic rupture or cardiac tamponade and requires prompt evaluation and treatment.
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2) Chest trauma can occur through motor vehicle crashes, rapid deceleration forces, stab or gunshot wounds, or crush injuries. Proper assessment and management of life-threatening conditions like airway obstruction, flail chest, tension pneumothorax, and cardiac tamponade is essential for trauma patients.
3) A flail chest involves fractures of two
Chest trauma Doc1 course 2014-2015 by Dr BAYISENGA Justin
This document provides information on chest trauma, including its causes, signs, and management. It discusses topics such as:
- The different types of chest trauma (blunt vs penetrating) and how they relate to management.
- Common injuries from chest trauma like pneumothorax, hemothorax, pulmonary contusion, rib fractures, and more.
- Procedures for treating specific injuries such as needle decompression for tension pneumothorax, chest tube insertion, and drainage of fluids or air in the chest.
- Considerations for chest tube insertion like indications, equipment, positioning, and technique to minimize risk.
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This document provides an overview of chest trauma, including the anatomy of the chest, causes of chest injuries, types of chest injuries, and treatments. It begins with the objectives and anatomy of the thorax. The main causes of chest trauma are then discussed as blunt trauma, penetrating trauma, and compression injuries. Various chest injuries are described in detail such as rib fractures, flail chest, pneumothorax, hemothorax, pulmonary contusion, and pericardial tamponade. The treatments for each type of injury are also outlined. The document provides a comprehensive review of chest trauma for medical professionals.
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Chest trauma pg
Chest injuries ranks 3rd after head injuries and extremity injuries in a case of multisystem trauma.It is of two types blunt chest trauma and peneterating chest trauma.The main cause of blunt chest trauma is road side accidents due to vehicles. Peneterating chest trauma is more dangerous and is common in war injuries and civilian terroism.In this ppp I have discussed some useful uncommon and important aspects of chest injuries
Thoracis trauma
1) The document discusses various types of thoracic trauma including rib fractures, pneumothorax, flail chest, and pulmonary embolism.
2) For rib fractures, treatment involves rest, ice, and pain medication while x-rays are required for diagnosis. Tension pneumothorax requires immediate needle decompression if breathing is compromised.
3) Open pneumothorax is treated by applying an occlusive dressing to create a one-way valve allowing air to escape on exhalation. Prompt oxygen supplementation and transport to the hospital are emphasized for all serious thoracic injuries.
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This document provides an overview of chest trauma. It begins by defining chest trauma as any injury to the chest, including the ribs, heart and lungs. Chest injuries are categorized as open or closed. Common causes are discussed, including blunt trauma from accidents or penetrating trauma from objects. Signs and symptoms, diagnostic tests, and specific injuries like pneumothorax are described. Treatment focuses on ABCs - airway, breathing and circulation while performing tests to evaluate cardiac and pulmonary function.
Chest trauma ppt for lems
- Blunt and penetrating chest trauma are leading causes of trauma death, accounting for approximately 25% of trauma fatalities in the US each year.
- Common injuries from chest trauma include rib fractures, flail chest, pulmonary contusion, pneumothorax, hemothorax, and cardiac/vascular injuries. Aggressive management is needed to support ventilation and treat underlying injuries.
- Tension pneumothorax is a life-threatening emergency requiring immediate needle decompression to relieve pressure on the heart and great vessels. Other critical treatments include securing the airway, administering oxygen, performing needle decompression if indicated, giving IV fluids, and rapid transport to a trauma center.
Penetrating trauma
Lecture on penetrating trauma prepared for the Plains to Peaks RETAC conference in Limon, CO May 3, 2014.
thoracic trauma
This document discusses the management of thoracic trauma. It begins with an introduction covering causes of thoracic trauma and objectives. It then covers anatomy and physiology of the thorax in detail. Next, it discusses pathophysiology of various types of thoracic injuries from blunt and penetrating trauma such as pneumothorax, hemothorax, pulmonary contusion, myocardial contusion, pericardial tamponade, aortic rupture and others. It concludes with sections on initial assessment and management of thoracic trauma patients.
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This document discusses chest trauma, including the different mechanisms of injury from blunt or penetrating sources. It describes common injuries such as rib fractures, pneumothorax, hemothorax, and pulmonary contusions. The initial management focuses on the ABCs and identifying life-threatening conditions like tension pneumothorax or cardiac tamponade. Specific injuries like flail chest require pain control, pulmonary therapy, or ventilator support. Radiologic tests help with diagnosis, and conditions may require chest tube insertion or surgery.
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The document discusses thoracic trauma and injuries to the chest. It begins by describing the oldest known surgical treatise on trauma from around 3000 BC that describes three chest injuries. It then covers the key structures of the thorax and common injuries from blunt and penetrating trauma such as rib fractures, lung contusions, hemothorax, and pulmonary contusions. The document provides details on evaluating and managing many different types of chest injuries.
Life threatening chest trauma
This document summarizes various life-threatening chest injuries, including tension pneumothorax, open pneumothorax, massive hemothorax, cardiac tamponade, tracheobronchial injuries, flail chest, pulmonary contusion, and other potentially life-threatening injuries like thoracic aortic disruption. For each injury, it describes key symptoms, diagnostic indicators, and recommended emergency treatments such as needle decompression, chest tube insertion, or emergency thoracotomy. The goal is to provide first responders and medical professionals information to properly identify and treat severe chest trauma.
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Chest trauma is common, with the most life-threatening injuries including tension pneumothorax, massive haemothorax, and cardiac tamponade. Simple injuries are typically diagnosed and treated with clinical exams, imaging, chest decompression, analgesia and physiotherapy. Severe chest trauma may require advanced life support like emergency thoracotomy or transfer to the operating room.
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This document summarizes various types of thoracic trauma, including mechanisms of injury, anatomical injuries, pathophysiology, assessment findings, and management strategies. Some key injuries discussed include rib fractures, flail chest, pneumothorax, hemothorax, pulmonary contusion, myocardial contusion, pericardial tamponade, aortic dissection/rupture, and traumatic asphyxia.
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This document provides an overview of chest trauma. It begins with the anatomy of the thorax and then discusses various types of chest injuries including pneumothorax, hemothorax, flail chest, cardiac tamponade, and traumatic aortic rupture. For each type of injury, the document describes the mechanism of injury, signs and symptoms, and treatment approaches. It emphasizes the life-threatening nature of many chest injuries and stresses the importance of rapid diagnosis and management.
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This document provides an overview of chest trauma, including:
- Common injuries like pneumothorax, hemothorax, flail chest and their signs and symptoms.
- Assessment involves clinical exam, chest x-ray and ultrasound to detect injuries. Chest tube insertion can be both therapeutic and diagnostic.
- "Deadly dozen" life-threatening injuries from chest trauma include tension pneumothorax, cardiac tamponade, aortic disruption and others that often require emergency procedures or surgery.
- Management involves airway control, ventilation, chest tube drainage, analgesia and monitoring for complications like respiratory failure. Operative treatment is indicated for severe injuries or those not responding to initial management.
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This document provides an overview of chest trauma, including the anatomy of the chest, common causes of chest injuries, signs and symptoms of specific chest injuries like pneumothorax, hemothorax, flail chest, and treatment approaches for these injuries at the basic life support level. It emphasizes the importance of rapid identification and treatment of chest trauma patients given the potential life-threatening nature of these injuries. Airway management and stabilization are key, along with monitoring for complications and rapid transport to advanced care.
Thoracic trauma
This document summarizes various types of thoracic trauma. It discusses chest injuries such as rib fractures, flail chest, pneumothorax, hemothorax, and cardiac injuries including myocardial contusion and cardiac tamponade. It provides details on signs, symptoms, and management of each condition. Thoracic trauma can range from minor rib fractures to life-threatening injuries like aortic rupture or cardiac tamponade and requires prompt evaluation and treatment.
Deadly dozen
1) Trauma, especially from motor vehicle crashes, is a leading cause of death in Nigeria. Blunt trauma occurs when an external force damages tissues without penetrating the skin, which can still cause internal organ injuries. Penetrating trauma, such as from stab wounds or gunshots, often results in obvious external injuries that can distract from more serious internal wounds.
2) Chest trauma can occur through motor vehicle crashes, rapid deceleration forces, stab or gunshot wounds, or crush injuries. Proper assessment and management of life-threatening conditions like airway obstruction, flail chest, tension pneumothorax, and cardiac tamponade is essential for trauma patients.
3) A flail chest involves fractures of two
Chest trauma Doc1 course 2014-2015 by Dr BAYISENGA Justin
This document provides information on chest trauma, including its causes, signs, and management. It discusses topics such as:
- The different types of chest trauma (blunt vs penetrating) and how they relate to management.
- Common injuries from chest trauma like pneumothorax, hemothorax, pulmonary contusion, rib fractures, and more.
- Procedures for treating specific injuries such as needle decompression for tension pneumothorax, chest tube insertion, and drainage of fluids or air in the chest.
- Considerations for chest tube insertion like indications, equipment, positioning, and technique to minimize risk.
So in summary, it reviews the etiology, diagnosis,
Chest trauma PTT
This document provides an overview of chest trauma, including the anatomy of the chest, common causes of injury, signs and symptoms of different types of chest injuries, and treatment approaches. It describes various chest injuries such as pneumothorax, hemothorax, open pneumothorax, tension pneumothorax, flail chest, cardiac tamponade, and diaphragmatic rupture. For each injury, it outlines the mechanism of injury, associated signs and symptoms, and recommended interventions. The goal is to educate on evaluating and managing different chest trauma presentations.
Chest trauama
Chest injuries are the second leading cause of trauma deaths each year. The majority of chest trauma can be managed without surgery. Common causes include blunt trauma from force to the chest, penetrating trauma from projectiles entering the chest, and compression injuries. Injuries include rib fractures, flail chest, pneumothoraces, pulmonary contusions, and others. Tension pneumothorax is a life-threatening condition where air builds up in the pleural space with no way to escape, resulting in collapsed lungs and compressed heart and blood vessels. Needle decompression is immediately needed to relieve pressure in the chest and prevent further deterioration.
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Chest trauma Doc1 course 2014-2015 by Dr BAYISENGA Justin
Chest trauma Doc1 course 2014-2015 by Dr BAYISENGA Justin
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This document provides an overview of chest trauma, including the anatomy of the chest, causes of chest injuries, types of chest injuries, and treatments. It begins with the objectives and anatomy of the thorax. The main causes of chest trauma are then discussed as blunt trauma, penetrating trauma, and compression injuries. Various chest injuries are described in detail such as rib fractures, flail chest, pneumothorax, hemothorax, pulmonary contusion, and pericardial tamponade. The treatments for each type of injury are also outlined. The document provides a comprehensive review of chest trauma for medical professionals.
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Thoracic trauma accounts for 25% of all injury-related deaths and is a contributory factor in 50% more deaths. While most thoracic injuries can be treated without surgery, it is important to recognize life-threatening injuries like tension pneumothorax, massive hemothorax, and cardiac tamponade during the initial assessment. Adjuncts like chest x-rays, ultrasound, and tube thoracostomy can help identify injuries, while interventions like needle decompression and tube insertion treat immediate life threats. A full secondary survey evaluates injuries like rib fractures, lung contusions, and injuries to the heart and great vessels that require monitoring or further investigation.
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Military & EMS History
1) Military combat has historically driven advances in pre-hospital emergency medical services (EMS) as lessons learned from treating wounded soldiers were later applied to civilian EMS.
2) Beginning with Napoleon's "flying ambulances", pre-hospital care has evolved from transporting casualties after battles to providing emergency treatment on the battlefield.
3) Recent conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan further validated and refined Tactical Combat Casualty Care guidelines for pre-hospital trauma care that have also benefited civilian EMS.
C191 w4tc cmast chest trauma management
This document discusses management of chest trauma. It covers common causes of chest injuries including gunshots, explosions, and crashes. It describes the organs in the chest cavity and how to assess a casualty for chest injuries by examining their breathing, neck, chest wall, and lung sounds. Open and tension pneumothoraces are discussed as well as how to perform a needle decompression in the field to relieve pressure in the chest from a tension pneumothorax. Proper management of chest wounds and decompression of tension pneumothoraces are essential for stabilizing chest trauma patients.
PMI Presentation
1. The Patient Movement Item (PMI) program provides additional medical equipment solely for sustaining patients during transport between medical facilities.
2. PMI equipment is exchanged one-for-one during evacuations so that patients can remain on life support during transport, while also replenishing treatment teams' supplies.
3. Proper management of PMI inventories, maintenance, and replacements is necessary to ensure medical equipment is available for sustaining casualties during transport.
Tc8 800 medic cmast 2009
This document provides guidance for sustaining critical medical skills through annual training and validation testing for Soldiers with an MOS of 68W (Health Care Specialist). It outlines seven training tables focused on trauma assessment, airway management, intravenous access and more. It also includes an annual skills validation test to demonstrate competency. Completing this training satisfies requirements to maintain National Registry of Emergency Medical Technicians certification and provides continuing education credits for recertification. The core focus is on key combat casualty care skills to ensure Soldier Medics are prepared to provide lifesaving care on the battlefield.
Wound closure
The document provides an overview of Tactical Combat Casualty Care (TCCC). It discusses the three stages of care on the battlefield: Care Under Fire, Tactical Field Care, and Tactical Evacuation Care. The key priorities for Care Under Fire are returning fire to gain fire superiority, controlling hemorrhage using tourniquets, and moving the casualty to cover. Tactical Field Care allows for more treatment, focusing on the ABCs - airway, breathing, and circulation. Life-threatening hemorrhage, tension pneumothorax, and airway obstruction are the major preventable causes of death. Tactical Evacuation Care involves additional personnel and equipment to support the casualty until reaching
Shock Management
Shock is a life-threatening condition that occurs when the body is not getting enough blood flow. The Lack of blood flow means that the cells and organs do not get enough oxygen and nutrients to function properly. Multiple organs can suffer damage as a result
Holley: WAR - What is it good for?
Anthony Holley brings a military perspective to advances made in trauma management on and off the battlefield.
Resuscitation and thoracic trauma
1) Chest injuries account for 20-25% of all trauma deaths and are a leading cause of death worldwide. Life-threatening conditions include tension pneumothorax, open pneumothorax, massive hemothorax, flail chest, and cardiac tamponade.
2) Tension pneumothorax requires immediate needle decompression without waiting for imaging if suspected clinically. Open pneumothorax is managed with an occlusive dressing.
3) Flail chest involves fractures of 3 or more ribs in two places, leading to paradoxical chest wall movement and impaired ventilation. Massive hemothorax involves over 1.5L of blood drained by chest tube or more than 200cc/hour
Pharmacotherapy of shock
The document discusses the pharmacotherapy of shock, including the pathophysiology, types, and management of shock with a focus on drug therapy. It defines shock and describes the determinants and hemodynamic states involved. The main classes of shock are outlined as hypovolemic, distributive, cardiogenic, and obstructive. Management of shock aims to improve tissue perfusion and oxygenation through the use of inotropic agents to enhance cardiac output and vasopressors or vasodilators to modulate vascular resistance. Dopamine is discussed as having dose-dependent effects including renal and splanchnic vasodilation at low doses and inotropy and vasoconstriction at higher doses.
C191 w2tc cmast tactical combat casualty care
The document discusses Tactical Combat Casualty Care (TC-3) training for combat medics, which focuses on providing medical care on the battlefield in 3 stages - Care Under Fire, Tactical Field Care, and Combat Casualty Evacuation Care - with an emphasis on controlling hemorrhage, maintaining airways, and fluid resuscitation when possible given limited medical resources and ongoing tactical threats.
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Echo in pericardial diseases
This document provides an overview of echocardiography in pericardial diseases. It begins with an introduction to pericardial anatomy and pathophysiology. It then discusses various pericardial diseases that can be evaluated by echocardiography, including acute pericarditis, recurrent pericarditis, pericardial effusions, cardiac tamponade, and constrictive pericarditis. For each condition, it describes the echocardiographic findings and techniques used to evaluate the condition. It emphasizes that echocardiography is usually the initial imaging test of choice but that CT or CMR may be needed in some complex cases.
CHEST TRAUMA
Chest injuries are common and can be life-threatening. The document discusses various types of chest injuries including blunt trauma, penetrating trauma, and compression injuries. It covers anatomy of the chest, definitions, causes, symptoms, management, and potential complications of specific injuries like pneumothorax, hemothorax, flail chest, and cardiac tamponade. Immediate life-threatening injuries require stabilization of the airway, breathing, and circulation before further treatment.
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This document provides an overview of thoracic trauma anatomy, physiology, and management. It describes the structures of the mediastinum and vasculature. Common thoracic injuries are classified and their pathophysiology, signs, and treatment are outlined. These include pneumothorax, hemothorax, flail chest, and cardiac tamponade. The primary and secondary surveys for evaluating thoracic trauma are reviewed, including inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation of the chest.
Approach to chest pain
This document provides guidance on evaluating and managing patients presenting with chest pain. It outlines the general approach which includes ensuring patient stability, providing oxygen and analgesia. It describes performing a focused history and physical exam, as well as relevant investigations. It discusses life-threatening causes of chest pain including acute coronary syndrome, cardiac tamponade, pulmonary embolism, tension pneumothorax, and aortic dissection. For each condition, it details symptoms, signs, diagnostic tests, and general treatment approaches.
pericardial effusion, cardiac tamponade and myocardial rupture
consists of P.E,cardiac tamponade and myocardial rupture and describes their definitions, pathophysiologies, clinical manifestations, dx, medical-surgical mgt and nursing mgt
for more inquiries/feedback; gufuabdikadir96@gmail.com
Management of Cardiogenic shock
Management of Cardiogenic shock Dr Noor E Khuda Topu,MD thesis part Student cardiology,Dhaka Medical College Hospital
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This document provides an outline of how to examine the cardiovascular system. It discusses the anatomy and physiology of the heart and vessels. It describes taking a history regarding symptoms like chest pain, fatigue, dyspnea. The physical exam involves inspecting for signs of cyanosis or edema, palpating pulses and the apical beat, auscultating heart sounds and murmurs, and measuring blood pressure and jugular venous pressure. Detailed steps are provided for examining each component of the cardiovascular system.
Chest trauma
Chest injuries account for 25% of severe injuries and are usually caused by road traffic accidents. The primary survey focuses on the airway, breathing, circulation, disability and exposure to identify and treat immediate life threats like tension pneumothorax. Secondary survey involves a full history, examination and investigations like CXR and CT scan to evaluate injuries. Most chest injuries are managed conservatively but conditions like massive hemothorax or cardiac tamponade may require chest tube insertion or thoracotomy.
Cardiac tamponade
Cardiac tamponade is caused by fluid accumulation in the pericardial space that compresses the heart and impairs its filling. It is characterized hemodynamically by decreased intracardiac volumes and increased diastolic filling pressures. Echocardiography is useful for diagnosing tamponade by showing fluid around the heart and collapse of the ventricles. Initial treatment involves fluid resuscitation while definitive treatment is pericardiocentesis to drain fluid or surgery in refractory cases.
Cardiac tamponade
Cardiac tamponade is caused by fluid accumulation in the pericardial space that compresses the heart and impairs its filling. It is characterized hemodynamically by decreased intracardiac volumes and increased diastolic filling pressures. Echocardiography is useful for diagnosing tamponade by showing fluid around the heart and collapse of the ventricles. Initial treatment involves resuscitating the patient with fluids and inotropes, while needle pericardiocentesis is often needed for definitive treatment by draining the pericardial fluid. Constrictive pericarditis involves thickening and scarring of the pericardium that restricts heart filling over time.
Primary pci management
This document provides information on primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). It describes the clinical presentation of STEMI and time-sensitive treatment with either thrombolysis or PPCI. PPCI is shown to reduce mortality, reinfarction, and need for bypass surgery compared to thrombolysis. The document outlines the PPCI procedure, complications, post-procedure observations and care including monitoring for arrhythmias, puncture site bleeding, vital sign changes, pain, and left ventricular failure. Psychological support is also emphasized.
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This document provides an overview of chest pain differentials (DDx). It begins by defining chest pain and discussing acute coronary syndrome. It then covers risk factors, symptoms, and physical exam findings for conditions like aortic dissection, acute pericarditis, cardiac tamponade, pulmonary embolism, tension pneumothorax, and esophageal rupture. Investigations, treatments, and management are described for each potential cause. The goal is to educate on evaluating and distinguishing between cardiac and non-cardiac causes of chest pain.
cardiac assessment
The document provides an overview of cardiovascular assessment including:
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- Demonstrating techniques for cardiovascular examination such as assessing heart sounds, murmurs, and peripheral circulation.
- Analyzing a cardiac patient's health status by taking a thorough history, performing a physical exam, and documenting relevant clinical findings to develop an appropriate care plan.
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This document provides information on the management of cardiogenic shock. It begins with a case presentation of a 72-year-old male brought to the emergency department with sudden onset chest pain and symptoms of shock. It then defines cardiogenic shock and discusses its causes, risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment modalities. Treatment involves managing reversible causes, vasopressors, mechanical support like intra-aortic balloon pumps or ventricular assist devices, and permanent measures such as fibrinolysis, revascularization, or transplantation. The document reviews various hemodynamic support devices and their indications.
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This document provides an overview of pleural disorders including pleuritis, pleural effusions, and pneumothoraces. It describes the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation, and treatment approaches for various types of pleural effusions such as transudative, exudative, parapneumonic, empyema, hemothorax and chylothorax. It also reviews primary, secondary, traumatic and iatrogenic pneumothoraces and their signs, symptoms, and management including needle decompression for tension pneumothoraces. The document emphasizes the importance of thoracentesis for pleural effusion diagnosis and chest tube placement for treating large pleural effusions and pneumothoraces.
Cardiac tamponade
Cardiac tamponade is a serious medical condition caused by fluid accumulating in the pericardial sac surrounding the heart, putting pressure on the heart and preventing it from filling properly. Symptoms include chest pain, difficulty breathing, and low blood pressure. Diagnosis involves echocardiogram, electrocardiogram, chest x-ray or CT scan. Treatment is pericardiocentesis to drain the fluid via needle, with careful monitoring of vital signs.
Blood pressure
This document discusses measuring and classifying blood pressure. It begins by explaining the auscultatory method for measuring blood pressure using a sphygmomanometer and stethoscope. It describes the Korotkoff sounds heard as the cuff is deflated and how they relate to systolic and diastolic pressure. The document then classifies normal and abnormal blood pressure readings in adults and lists lifestyle modifications that can be recommended based on a person's blood pressure.
Prinary survey ATLS
The initial assessment of a trauma patient involves a primary survey consisting of a rapid assessment of the airway, breathing, circulation, disability, and exposure (ABCDE). For a 34-year-old male brought to the emergency room after a road traffic accident with hoarseness, low blood pressure and rapid heart rate and breathing, the primary steps would be to open and secure the airway, assess breathing for tension pneumothorax, control bleeding, check neurological status, and fully expose the patient for further examination and resuscitation efforts. A secondary survey would then obtain a full history and examine all body regions for potential injuries.
Pulmonaryedema 160624071007
Pulmonary edema is an abnormal buildup of fluid in the lungs that causes shortness of breath. It occurs when fluid leaks into the tiny air sacs (alveoli) and spaces around the alveoli in the lungs. Pulmonary edema can be caused by issues with the heart like heart failure or heart attack that increase blood pressure in the lungs. Symptoms include cough, difficulty breathing, and wheezing. Treatment focuses on addressing the underlying cause, giving oxygen, diuretics to remove fluid, and in severe cases, use of a ventilator.
chest injury_dr senthil kr.pptx
A motorcyclist was in a head-on collision and presented with difficulty breathing, severe chest pain, restlessness and smell of alcohol. Examination found dyspnea, tachycardia, distended neck veins, left tracheal deviation, hypotension and cyanosis, and a hyper-resonant right chest with absent breath sounds. Chest X-ray showed a right tension pneumothorax. Needle decompression was performed followed by tube thoracostomy, resulting in improved breathing, comfort, and oxygen saturation.
A stab wound victim presented with subcutaneous emphysema, tachycardia and distended neck veins. Chest X-ray revealed a left hemopneumothorax
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Penetrating chest injury 2003
- 8. Assessment Massive hemothorax Tension pneumothorax Cardiac tamponade Hx Parenchymal : Blunt Another : penetrate M/c : Blunt M/c : Penetrate Pulse Rapid Rapid Rapid Blood pressure Low Low Low Pulsus paradoxus No Yes Possibly Heart sounds Audible Audible Muffled Neck vein Flat Distended Distended Percussion Dull Hyperresonance Normal Trachea Midline/deviated Deviated Midline Chest symmetry Normal/Asymmetry Asymmetrical Normal Breath sounds Absent/rhonchi/rales Absent Present Investigation Thoracentesis : if non massive should CXR Thoracentesis Fast