The document explains peer-to-peer (P2P) networks, describing their architecture, types, and examples such as Napster, BitTorrent, and Skype. P2P networks allow computers to connect without a central server, enabling file sharing where every user acts as both client and server. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of security measures to protect data and prevent malware within P2P environments.

1. Peer to peer network allows to connect a group to computers together
along with equally granting permissions and responsibility for getting to
process data. Now, here we will reveal all possible things about what is
peer to peer network with its architecture and types; involving with the
many examples of peer to peer network with ease.

2. In the peer to peer network, all “Peers” means all
computers which are linked with each other
through internet. P2P network has not any central
server, so each user is capable to share any types
of files on any peer over this network. On other
words, you can say that every peer on this P2P
N/W plays role as server as well as client.

3. Due to these points, to be used peer to peer network with securely and
efficiently:
• Protect peer to peer network with using of network security solutions.
• It helps to control your precious data and several applications.
• Monitor your entire network continuously for malware.
• Develop a cyber security policy and invest in network security to protect
advanced networks that users create with P2P software as they can have
software-based vulnerabilities. By taking these preventative actions, you
can prevent remote exploits, which are attacks that take advantage of the
vulnerabilities in electronic systems to deny services or spread malware.

4. When users want to download any file from internet then they need to
use of web browser for opening the appropriate website over the
internet. In this scenario, website plays the role as server and computer
of users work as client for receiving the all files. This model performs
their tasks like as one-way road where downloaded data is moved from
point 1 (website), to point 2 (user’s PC system).
In the case of peer to peer network, if users want to download same
data through P2P N/W, then downloading task is controlled in different
manner. Users have to need peer to peer program for installing on their
PCs, which help to generate virtual network of P2P application users.
Then when the user downloads a file, it is received in bits that come
from various computers in the network that already have that file.

5. Peer to peer (P2P) architecture is mostly implemented over
the computer networking architecture because in this system
every workstation and other nodes have equally abilities and
responsibilities as well, and in this architecture, few computer
systems are dedicated to server anthers. P2P architecture is mostly
suitable for small region area like as house and small office region
because in this network every computer plays the role as
independent workstation and it can save all data in own hard disk.
Peer to peer architecture is designed with using of single software
program where every piece of program performs their all tasks as
both client and server along with similar responsibilities and
capabilities.

6. In this section, we will discuss about different types of Peer to Peer (P2P)
network, below explain each one. Before going to ahead, you should be
known about various advantages and disadvantages of peer to peer network
as well as:
Pure Peer to Peer Network:
Pure peer-to-peer Network is known as “Fully peer-to-peer Network“. In this
network, all peers play the role equally because this P2P network does not
contain any centralized dedicated server.
Example – “Gnutella Protocol” that protocol is capable to find and locate all
files over that network.
Unstructured P2P Networks:
In this network, to connect every devices of network with each other is easy
task. All devices have to make same contribution, but due to lack of structure,
users can face some difficulties for searching rare content. Its churn rate has
higher, churn rare means how many users are joining and releasing of the
network.

7. Structured P2P Networks
Structured peer to peer network is not easy to set up compare to
unstructured network, but it allows users excellent access for finding
the rare content over the network. Structured P2P networks have
less churn rate to unstructured network.
Hybrid Peer to Peer Network
Hybrid peer-to-peer Network plays the role like as client-server
network because it contains one centralized peer that perform all
activities as server such as to keep all information on the peers and
send the responds to requests for that information. Centralized peer
aware that which types of resources are share able and which are
free. They take all responsibility for getting to host management of all
available resources.

8. Napster – Nepster was introduced by American college student Shawn Fanning,
in 1999. It used for file sharing service over the internet, and music could be
store on your PCs. But it was shut down in 2001.
Bit Torrent – Bit Torrent is an communication protocol that is used for peer to
peer file sharing, and it helps to distribute data and all fires on the internet into
decentralized fashion. Main objective of using of this protocol is to transfer
enlarge files like as video files enabling with TV shows and other video clips, all
digital audio file such as songs.
Skype – Skype is an P2P VoIP client that is designed by organization that
created Kazaa. With the help of it, all users can make voice call and sent text
messages to another user but they must be persisted on the Skype client.
Bitcoin – Bitcoin also uses the peer-to-peer payment network, and in which
cryptographic protocol is used for operating that helps to users for sending
and receiving bitcoins.

9. Gnutella – Gnutella is a peer to peer network that is used for file sharing
over the network, it lets users to send and obtain all data on the internet.
Kazaa – Kazaa was peer to peer file sharing application that was enabled
with FastTrack protocol licensed by Joltid LTD, and it was operated by
Sharman Networks. Its main goal was to transfer MP3 music files as well as
other types of files like as video and text over the internet.
Limewire – Limewire had used for peer to peer file sharing in free of cost for
different types of operating systems like as Windows, OS X, Linux and Solaris.
LimeWire implemented gnutella network along with BitTorrent protocol.
BearShare – BearShare was introduced by Free Peers, Inc for Microsoft
Windows, and then it revised edition of iMesh by MusicLAb. BearShare was
an application that is also used for peer to peer file sharing.
Morpheus – Morpheus also used for file sharing and finding peer to peer
client to Microsoft Windows, and it was designed and distributed by
StreamCast organzation.

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