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Pedagogical Thinking

   A Basis for Planning
Beginning Teaching

"If beginning teachers are to be successful, they must wrestle
simultaneously with issues of pedagogical content (or knowledge) as
well as general pedagogy (or generic teaching principles)" (Grossman,
as cited in Ornstein, Thomas, & Lasley, 2000, p. 508).


   There are a set of general skills for working in classrooms.
   There is also a way of knowing your discipline that is needed in
   teaching.
Pedagogical Content Knowledge

"the most useful forms of representation of [topics], the most
powerful analogies, illustrations, examples, explanations, and
demonstrations - in a word, the ways of representing and
formulating the subject that make it comprehensible to others ...
Pedagogical content knowledge also includes an understanding
of what makes the learning of specific topics easy or difficult:
the conceptions and preconceptions that students of different
ages and backgrounds bring with them to the learning of those
most frequently taught topics and lessons." (Shulman, 1986).
Multiple Ways

 Students work differently - we know this intuitively and there
 are lots of theoretical explanations. I am an advocate of
 Gardner, but there are others.

 It follows that we need to know a range of pedagogical
 content.
Broader Purpose

We need to be mindful of the broader purposes in the teaching
and learning exchange too:
   Literacy
   Enjoyment of learning
   Respect for others and environment
   Skills and values
Examples of Teachers displaying PCK

Knowledge of           Evident when the teacher:

Teaching Strategies    Discusses/Uses general or specific approaches to
                       teaching a concept or skill
Student Thinking       Addresses student ways of thinking about a
                       concept, recognises typical understandings
Student Misconceptions Uses methods to address and challenge common
                       alternative conceptions
Cognitive Demand of    Identifies aspects of the task that that affect its
Tasks                  complecity
Knowledge of Examples Uses an example that highlights a concept or
                      procedure
Knowledge of           Uses resources that support teaching
Resources
And the Big Ones

 Explains how the topic fits in the curriculum

 Explains why the topic is in the curriculum in the first place.

 Explain how to cater for needs based on diversity.
Planning this in STS

  The Mahara Template takes you beyond a lesson plan.

  Feel free to play with it - it is a tool to make your
  pedagogical reasoning visible.

  You are not expected to record this level of analysis with
  every lesson on prac, but you should go through the
  thinking process.
Pedagogical thinking

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Pedagogical thinking

  • 1. Pedagogical Thinking A Basis for Planning
  • 2. Beginning Teaching "If beginning teachers are to be successful, they must wrestle simultaneously with issues of pedagogical content (or knowledge) as well as general pedagogy (or generic teaching principles)" (Grossman, as cited in Ornstein, Thomas, & Lasley, 2000, p. 508). There are a set of general skills for working in classrooms. There is also a way of knowing your discipline that is needed in teaching.
  • 3. Pedagogical Content Knowledge "the most useful forms of representation of [topics], the most powerful analogies, illustrations, examples, explanations, and demonstrations - in a word, the ways of representing and formulating the subject that make it comprehensible to others ... Pedagogical content knowledge also includes an understanding of what makes the learning of specific topics easy or difficult: the conceptions and preconceptions that students of different ages and backgrounds bring with them to the learning of those most frequently taught topics and lessons." (Shulman, 1986).
  • 4. Multiple Ways Students work differently - we know this intuitively and there are lots of theoretical explanations. I am an advocate of Gardner, but there are others. It follows that we need to know a range of pedagogical content.
  • 5. Broader Purpose We need to be mindful of the broader purposes in the teaching and learning exchange too: Literacy Enjoyment of learning Respect for others and environment Skills and values
  • 6. Examples of Teachers displaying PCK Knowledge of Evident when the teacher: Teaching Strategies Discusses/Uses general or specific approaches to teaching a concept or skill Student Thinking Addresses student ways of thinking about a concept, recognises typical understandings Student Misconceptions Uses methods to address and challenge common alternative conceptions Cognitive Demand of Identifies aspects of the task that that affect its Tasks complecity Knowledge of Examples Uses an example that highlights a concept or procedure Knowledge of Uses resources that support teaching Resources
  • 7. And the Big Ones Explains how the topic fits in the curriculum Explains why the topic is in the curriculum in the first place. Explain how to cater for needs based on diversity.
  • 8. Planning this in STS The Mahara Template takes you beyond a lesson plan. Feel free to play with it - it is a tool to make your pedagogical reasoning visible. You are not expected to record this level of analysis with every lesson on prac, but you should go through the thinking process.