Clinic vs urgent care vs emergency room posterTrisha Keehn
When should you go to the emergency room? Should you try urgent care first? Or should you wait to see your primary care clinic? This poster tells patients when it is appropriate to see the proper healthcare professional for healthcare needs.
This document summarizes a presentation on acute and chronic bronchitis. It begins by defining acute bronchitis as inflammation of the large bronchi caused by bacterial or viral infection. It then compares acute and chronic bronchitis, noting their differences in pathogens, onset, duration, age groups affected, and clinical presentation. The document discusses the epidemiology and risk factors of acute bronchitis. It covers the infectious and non-infectious causes, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment including pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches, patient education, and prognosis. The presentation aims to provide an overview of acute and chronic bronchitis for healthcare professionals.
Approach to a case of suppurative lung diseasePrasoon Rastogi
1. The document discusses suppurative lung diseases including bronchiectasis, lung abscess, and empyema thoracis.
2. It covers the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, investigations, treatment and complications of each disease.
3. The treatment involves antibiotics, bronchial hygiene techniques like chest physiotherapy, and sometimes surgery for complications like large lung abscesses.
This document describes a randomized controlled trial studying the invasive versus conservative treatment of primary spontaneous pneumothorax. The primary outcome is the proportion of subjects with complete lung re-expansion at 8 weeks. Secondary outcomes include hospital admission days, persistent air leaks, recurrence rates, and complications. The trial aims to recruit 342 subjects across multiple sites in Australia, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom. Follow-up will occur at regular intervals to assess recurrence up to 5 years post-treatment. The goals are to improve understanding of optimal management and recurrence rates for this condition.
The document provides guidance on reading chest x-rays, including having a systematic approach, assessing film quality, and knowing anatomy. It recommends starting by checking patient details and film quality, then reviewing the airways, bones, cardiac silhouette, diaphragm, and lungs using a checklist. Specific features to examine in the lungs include over/under inflation, infiltrates, masses, and interstitial patterns.
This document provides an overview of pulmonary function testing (PFT), including the components measured, indications for testing, interpretation of results, and clinical applications. It describes common PFT measurements like spirometry, lung volumes, diffusing capacity, and bronchoprovocation testing. Obstructive and restrictive patterns are discussed. The document also reviews indications for PFTs in diagnosis and prognosis of lung diseases and provides examples of PFT patterns in conditions like asthma, COPD, and interstitial lung disease.
This document discusses several radiographic signs seen on chest x-rays and CT scans. It describes signs such as the air bronchogram sign which indicates alveolar disease filling the surrounding alveoli and making bronchi visible. It also discusses signs seen in various lung pathologies like atelectasis, consolidation, and pneumomediastinum. Examples of specific signs mentioned include the halo sign seen in invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, the luftsichel sign seen in left upper lobe collapse, and the cervicothoracic sign used to locate mediastinal lesions.
This document provides an overview of chest x-ray (CXR) basics and techniques. It discusses the main types of radiologic imaging used for pulmonary examinations, including plain CXR, CT, ultrasound and others. The bulk of the document focuses on performing and interpreting plain CXRs, outlining the key steps of evaluating technical quality, anatomical structures, and differentiating common radiographic findings such as consolidation, cavitary lesions, and pulmonary nodules. It provides examples of normal and abnormal CXR presentations of various pulmonary diseases.
Clinic vs urgent care vs emergency room posterTrisha Keehn
When should you go to the emergency room? Should you try urgent care first? Or should you wait to see your primary care clinic? This poster tells patients when it is appropriate to see the proper healthcare professional for healthcare needs.
This document summarizes a presentation on acute and chronic bronchitis. It begins by defining acute bronchitis as inflammation of the large bronchi caused by bacterial or viral infection. It then compares acute and chronic bronchitis, noting their differences in pathogens, onset, duration, age groups affected, and clinical presentation. The document discusses the epidemiology and risk factors of acute bronchitis. It covers the infectious and non-infectious causes, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment including pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches, patient education, and prognosis. The presentation aims to provide an overview of acute and chronic bronchitis for healthcare professionals.
Approach to a case of suppurative lung diseasePrasoon Rastogi
1. The document discusses suppurative lung diseases including bronchiectasis, lung abscess, and empyema thoracis.
2. It covers the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, investigations, treatment and complications of each disease.
3. The treatment involves antibiotics, bronchial hygiene techniques like chest physiotherapy, and sometimes surgery for complications like large lung abscesses.
This document describes a randomized controlled trial studying the invasive versus conservative treatment of primary spontaneous pneumothorax. The primary outcome is the proportion of subjects with complete lung re-expansion at 8 weeks. Secondary outcomes include hospital admission days, persistent air leaks, recurrence rates, and complications. The trial aims to recruit 342 subjects across multiple sites in Australia, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom. Follow-up will occur at regular intervals to assess recurrence up to 5 years post-treatment. The goals are to improve understanding of optimal management and recurrence rates for this condition.
The document provides guidance on reading chest x-rays, including having a systematic approach, assessing film quality, and knowing anatomy. It recommends starting by checking patient details and film quality, then reviewing the airways, bones, cardiac silhouette, diaphragm, and lungs using a checklist. Specific features to examine in the lungs include over/under inflation, infiltrates, masses, and interstitial patterns.
This document provides an overview of pulmonary function testing (PFT), including the components measured, indications for testing, interpretation of results, and clinical applications. It describes common PFT measurements like spirometry, lung volumes, diffusing capacity, and bronchoprovocation testing. Obstructive and restrictive patterns are discussed. The document also reviews indications for PFTs in diagnosis and prognosis of lung diseases and provides examples of PFT patterns in conditions like asthma, COPD, and interstitial lung disease.
This document discusses several radiographic signs seen on chest x-rays and CT scans. It describes signs such as the air bronchogram sign which indicates alveolar disease filling the surrounding alveoli and making bronchi visible. It also discusses signs seen in various lung pathologies like atelectasis, consolidation, and pneumomediastinum. Examples of specific signs mentioned include the halo sign seen in invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, the luftsichel sign seen in left upper lobe collapse, and the cervicothoracic sign used to locate mediastinal lesions.
This document provides an overview of chest x-ray (CXR) basics and techniques. It discusses the main types of radiologic imaging used for pulmonary examinations, including plain CXR, CT, ultrasound and others. The bulk of the document focuses on performing and interpreting plain CXRs, outlining the key steps of evaluating technical quality, anatomical structures, and differentiating common radiographic findings such as consolidation, cavitary lesions, and pulmonary nodules. It provides examples of normal and abnormal CXR presentations of various pulmonary diseases.
Hemoptysis is defined as coughing up blood originating from below the vocal cords. It can range from mild blood streaking to over 600ml of blood loss in 24 hours (massive hemoptysis). The causes of hemoptysis are numerous but the most common causes of massive hemoptysis are active tuberculosis, bronchiectasis, mycetoma, and bronchogenic carcinoma. The initial evaluation of a patient with hemoptysis involves obtaining a detailed history, physical exam, and basic laboratory tests to determine the severity and potential causes. Further diagnostic tests may then be used to confirm the diagnosis.
1. The history of bronchoscopy began in 1885 with direct visualization of the larynx. Key developments included the first bronchoscopy in 1907 and introduction of the flexible bronchoscope in 1967.
2. There are two main types of bronchoscopes: rigid bronchoscopes and flexible bronchoscope (FOB). Rigid bronchoscopes allow for ventilation but require general anesthesia, while FOBs can be done at the bedside without anesthesia but have lower navigational power.
3. Bronchoscopy has diagnostic indications such as investigating cough, wheeze, stridor, diagnosing lung cancer, and obtaining samples. Therapeutic indications include removing foreign bodies, treating airway tumors, and dilating airway str
Asthma management phenotype based approachGamal Agmy
Phenotypes and endotypes are approaches to classifying asthma subtypes based on clinical characteristics and underlying biological mechanisms. The document discusses several potential asthma endotypes including:
1) TH2-high endotypes like early-onset allergic asthma characterized by genetics predisposing to TH2 cytokines, biomarkers like elevated IgE and eosinophils, and response to anti-IgE therapy.
2) Late-onset eosinophilic asthma characterized by persistent sputum eosinophilia despite steroids and potential response to anti-IL5 therapy.
3) Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease which may be a similar endotype to intrinsic or allergic asthma due to acquired NSA
Bronchitis is an inflammation of the bronchial tubes that carry air to the lungs. It can be acute, lasting a few weeks, or chronic, persisting for months. Chronic bronchitis is characterized by a mucus-producing cough for at least three months a year. Smoking is a major risk factor. Symptoms include cough, mucus production, wheezing, and shortness of breath. Diagnosis involves physical exam, chest x-rays, and pulmonary function tests. Treatment focuses on antibiotics for bacterial infections, cough suppressants, bronchodilators, and anti-inflammatory drugs. Complications can include asthma, bronchitis, and pneumonia.
This document discusses pneumothorax, which is an abnormal collection of air in the pleural space. A pneumothorax can occur when the negative pressure that normally exists in the pleural space is lost, allowing the lung to collapse. Symptoms include chest pain and dyspnea. Different types of pneumothorax are discussed, as well as causes, diagnostic tools, and treatment approaches which may include observation, needle aspiration, chest tube placement, or surgery depending on the size and severity in each case. Recurrent pneumothorax may warrant surgical pleurectomy or chemical pleurodesis to prevent future occurrences.
The document discusses acute upper respiratory infections in children. It defines acute upper respiratory infections and lists common causes like viruses. It describes the symptoms, signs, and typical progression of a common cold. Diagnosis is usually made clinically based on symptoms. Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms like fever, nasal congestion, and cough through rest, hydration, nasal saline, and over-the-counter medications. Complications can include secondary bacterial infections.
Pyothorax, or empyema thoracis, is an accumulation of pus in the pleural cavity that is usually caused by bacterial pneumonia. It progresses through three stages - exudative, fibrinopurulent, and organizing. Symptoms include chest pain, cough, fever, and shortness of breath. Diagnosis involves chest x-ray, CT scan, and thoracentesis of pleural fluid. Treatment requires antibiotics, drainage of pus from the pleural space, and sometimes surgical procedures like VATS to debride the pleural space and allow for lung re-expansion. Complications can include bronchopleural fistula, spread of infection, and sepsis.
Bronchitis is an inflammation of the bronchial tubes, the airways that carry air to your lungs. It causes a cough that often brings up mucus. It can also cause shortness of breath, wheezing, a low fever, and chest tightness. There are two main types of bronchitis: acute and chronic.
1. Chest x-ray showed free gas under the right hemidiaphragm.
2. This finding suggests a hiatal hernia, where part of the stomach protrudes through the diaphragm into the chest.
3. The 67-year old patient presented with chronic cough and mild heartburn, consistent with symptoms of a hiatal hernia.
This document provides information on lung abscesses, including:
- Dr. David Smith postulated in the 1920s that aspiration of oral bacteria was the main mechanism of lung abscess infection.
- A lung abscess is a localized area of lung tissue destruction greater than 2cm in diameter caused by pyogenic bacterial infection.
- In the pre-antibiotic era, 1/3 of lung abscess patients died, another 1/3 recovered, and the remaining 1/3 developed chronic illnesses.
- Risk factors include dental/sinus infections, impaired swallowing, gastric issues, and pre-existing lung diseases. Common causative organisms are described.
- The document discusses various patterns seen on HRCT scans of interstitial lung diseases including nodular, reticulation, cystic and tree-in-bud patterns.
- It describes the significance of different patterns and features such as distribution of nodules, characteristics of interlobular septal thickening, honeycombing and intralobular interstitial thickening.
- Differential diagnoses are discussed for each pattern to determine likely disease processes such as pulmonary fibrosis, infections, lymphangitic spread of cancer or sarcoidosis.
This document provides an overview of dysphagia (difficulty swallowing) including its causes, presentations, investigations, and management approaches. Dysphagia can result from problems in the oral, pharyngeal, or esophageal phases of swallowing. Common causes include strokes, neurological diseases, head and neck cancers. Investigations may include barium swallows, endoscopy, biopsy, and esophageal manometry. Newer techniques like high-resolution manometry and functional luminal imaging probe allow more detailed assessment of esophageal motility and function. Management is tailored to the underlying cause but may include dietary modifications, swallowing exercises, or medical/surgical interventions in severe cases.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise boosts blood flow, releases endorphins, and promotes changes in the brain which help enhance one's emotional well-being and mental clarity.
Hemoptysis is defined as coughing up blood originating from below the vocal cords. It can range from mild blood streaking to over 600ml of blood loss in 24 hours (massive hemoptysis). The causes of hemoptysis are numerous but the most common causes of massive hemoptysis are active tuberculosis, bronchiectasis, mycetoma, and bronchogenic carcinoma. The initial evaluation of a patient with hemoptysis involves obtaining a detailed history, physical exam, and basic laboratory tests to determine the severity and potential causes. Further diagnostic tests may then be used to confirm the diagnosis.
1. The history of bronchoscopy began in 1885 with direct visualization of the larynx. Key developments included the first bronchoscopy in 1907 and introduction of the flexible bronchoscope in 1967.
2. There are two main types of bronchoscopes: rigid bronchoscopes and flexible bronchoscope (FOB). Rigid bronchoscopes allow for ventilation but require general anesthesia, while FOBs can be done at the bedside without anesthesia but have lower navigational power.
3. Bronchoscopy has diagnostic indications such as investigating cough, wheeze, stridor, diagnosing lung cancer, and obtaining samples. Therapeutic indications include removing foreign bodies, treating airway tumors, and dilating airway str
Asthma management phenotype based approachGamal Agmy
Phenotypes and endotypes are approaches to classifying asthma subtypes based on clinical characteristics and underlying biological mechanisms. The document discusses several potential asthma endotypes including:
1) TH2-high endotypes like early-onset allergic asthma characterized by genetics predisposing to TH2 cytokines, biomarkers like elevated IgE and eosinophils, and response to anti-IgE therapy.
2) Late-onset eosinophilic asthma characterized by persistent sputum eosinophilia despite steroids and potential response to anti-IL5 therapy.
3) Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease which may be a similar endotype to intrinsic or allergic asthma due to acquired NSA
Bronchitis is an inflammation of the bronchial tubes that carry air to the lungs. It can be acute, lasting a few weeks, or chronic, persisting for months. Chronic bronchitis is characterized by a mucus-producing cough for at least three months a year. Smoking is a major risk factor. Symptoms include cough, mucus production, wheezing, and shortness of breath. Diagnosis involves physical exam, chest x-rays, and pulmonary function tests. Treatment focuses on antibiotics for bacterial infections, cough suppressants, bronchodilators, and anti-inflammatory drugs. Complications can include asthma, bronchitis, and pneumonia.
This document discusses pneumothorax, which is an abnormal collection of air in the pleural space. A pneumothorax can occur when the negative pressure that normally exists in the pleural space is lost, allowing the lung to collapse. Symptoms include chest pain and dyspnea. Different types of pneumothorax are discussed, as well as causes, diagnostic tools, and treatment approaches which may include observation, needle aspiration, chest tube placement, or surgery depending on the size and severity in each case. Recurrent pneumothorax may warrant surgical pleurectomy or chemical pleurodesis to prevent future occurrences.
The document discusses acute upper respiratory infections in children. It defines acute upper respiratory infections and lists common causes like viruses. It describes the symptoms, signs, and typical progression of a common cold. Diagnosis is usually made clinically based on symptoms. Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms like fever, nasal congestion, and cough through rest, hydration, nasal saline, and over-the-counter medications. Complications can include secondary bacterial infections.
Pyothorax, or empyema thoracis, is an accumulation of pus in the pleural cavity that is usually caused by bacterial pneumonia. It progresses through three stages - exudative, fibrinopurulent, and organizing. Symptoms include chest pain, cough, fever, and shortness of breath. Diagnosis involves chest x-ray, CT scan, and thoracentesis of pleural fluid. Treatment requires antibiotics, drainage of pus from the pleural space, and sometimes surgical procedures like VATS to debride the pleural space and allow for lung re-expansion. Complications can include bronchopleural fistula, spread of infection, and sepsis.
Bronchitis is an inflammation of the bronchial tubes, the airways that carry air to your lungs. It causes a cough that often brings up mucus. It can also cause shortness of breath, wheezing, a low fever, and chest tightness. There are two main types of bronchitis: acute and chronic.
1. Chest x-ray showed free gas under the right hemidiaphragm.
2. This finding suggests a hiatal hernia, where part of the stomach protrudes through the diaphragm into the chest.
3. The 67-year old patient presented with chronic cough and mild heartburn, consistent with symptoms of a hiatal hernia.
This document provides information on lung abscesses, including:
- Dr. David Smith postulated in the 1920s that aspiration of oral bacteria was the main mechanism of lung abscess infection.
- A lung abscess is a localized area of lung tissue destruction greater than 2cm in diameter caused by pyogenic bacterial infection.
- In the pre-antibiotic era, 1/3 of lung abscess patients died, another 1/3 recovered, and the remaining 1/3 developed chronic illnesses.
- Risk factors include dental/sinus infections, impaired swallowing, gastric issues, and pre-existing lung diseases. Common causative organisms are described.
- The document discusses various patterns seen on HRCT scans of interstitial lung diseases including nodular, reticulation, cystic and tree-in-bud patterns.
- It describes the significance of different patterns and features such as distribution of nodules, characteristics of interlobular septal thickening, honeycombing and intralobular interstitial thickening.
- Differential diagnoses are discussed for each pattern to determine likely disease processes such as pulmonary fibrosis, infections, lymphangitic spread of cancer or sarcoidosis.
This document provides an overview of dysphagia (difficulty swallowing) including its causes, presentations, investigations, and management approaches. Dysphagia can result from problems in the oral, pharyngeal, or esophageal phases of swallowing. Common causes include strokes, neurological diseases, head and neck cancers. Investigations may include barium swallows, endoscopy, biopsy, and esophageal manometry. Newer techniques like high-resolution manometry and functional luminal imaging probe allow more detailed assessment of esophageal motility and function. Management is tailored to the underlying cause but may include dietary modifications, swallowing exercises, or medical/surgical interventions in severe cases.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise boosts blood flow, releases endorphins, and promotes changes in the brain which help enhance one's emotional well-being and mental clarity.
ألم الصدر التشخيص- وكيفية التعامل معه-Dr. Yasser Mohammed Hassanain Elsayed.pptxYasserMohammedHassan1
• يعتمد تشخيص وعلاج ألم الصدر على السبب.
فقد تتنوع أسباب ألم الصدر من مشكلات صغيرة، مثل:
- حرقة المعدة
- الضغط النفسي
- حالات الطوارئ الطبية الخطيرة مثل النوبة القلبية
- أو تكوُّن جلطة دموية في الرئتين (الإنصمام الرئوي).
• يأخذ ألم الصدر صورا وأشكالا عديدة، وتتراوح حدته بين الشعور بطعنات حادة وحتى الألم الخفيف. وفي بعض الأحيان، يكون ألم الصدر ساحقًا أو حارقًا. وفي حالات أخرى، ينتقل الألم صعودًا إلى الرقبة وإلى داخل الفك، ثم ينتشر للخلف أو للأسفل لتشعر به في أحد الذراعين أو في الذراعين معًا.
في المحاضرة شرح بسيط عن الذبحة الصدرية وانواعها وواهم اعراض وكيف يتم
التشخيص العام لها وطرق الوقاية والعلاج من الذبحة الصدرية
وهذه المحاضرة باللغة العربية
د.عبد الرحمن سعد الدين عبد العزيز
من الجامعة الليبية الدولية للعلوم الطبية
متخرج 2017