This document provides an overview of the historical development of curriculum in the Philippines and United States. It outlines the major periods and influences in each country, including the Spanish and American occupations in the Philippines from 1521-1898 and 1899-1935. In the US, it describes the Evolutionary, Modern, and Post-Modern eras of education, noting key thinkers like Mann, Rousseau, Pestalozzi, Froebel, and Herbart who influenced curriculum approaches. The document establishes that Philippine education was shaped primarily by Spanish and American systems over several centuries.

1. HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND OF
CURRICULUM IN THE
PHILIPPINES
LOVELY JOY E. PAWAON

2. HISTORICAL CONTEXT
 Before 1521 – Education before the coming of the Spaniards
 1521-1896 – Education during the Spanish Regime
 1896 – 1898 – Education during Philippine Revolution
 1899 – 1935 – Education during the American Occupation
 1935 – 1941 – Education during the Philippine Commonwealth
 1941 – 1944 – Education during the Japanese Occupation
 1945 – 1946 – Education after WWII
 1946 – present – Education under the Philippine Republic

3. HISTORY & CURRICULUM
 In the US, the development of education can be viewed
as 3 distinct eras:
1. The Evolutionary Era
2. The Modern Era
3. The Post-Modern Era

4. EVOLUTIONARY ERA
 Established schools for the religious education purpose
in 1647.
 Established first grammar school in 1635.
 Horace Mann (1796-1859) is forever linked to early
education efforts in this nation and is often called the
father of the American Public school.
 A free public school society was formed around 1800 in
New York City and more than 600,000 pupils in its 50-
year history.

5. COLONIAL AMERICA
 Franklin’s Academy
 1749. Benjamin Franklin challenge prevailing beliefs
about education and the curriculum.
 Curriculum focused on Latin & Greek for those
preparing to be ministers.
 French, German, and Spanish for those preparing to be
merchants.
 Everyone would study English through reading, writing,
and speaking.

6. MODERN ERA
 In the late 18th and early 19th centuries, new ideas about children
and learning were emerging in Europe.
 In the 19th century:
Common School Movement
 The expansion of the curriculum. Reports of the National
Education Association.
 1876 – A course of study from primary school to university.
 1893 – The Committee of Ten.
 1895 – The Committee of 15.

7.  Jean Rousseau (1712-1778) was one of the earliest
writers who wrote his about about children being
innately good. He believed that learning is most
successful when education began with the student’s
interests.
 Johann Pestalozzi (1746-1827) who advocated a
learning-by-doing approach to education. He believed
that growth of the whole child in learning are caused by
the head, heart, and hands.

8.  Friedrich Froebel (1782-1852) has been credited with
establishing the early kindergarten and having an
important impact on later American education.
 Finally, the German educator Johann Herbart (1776-
1841) influenced the thoughts of US educators but he
believed that schools should be highly structured and
should prepare future citizens of the sociopolitical
community by shaping their minds.

9. POST-MODERN ERA
 In the 20th century, the signs of change in US appeared
during civil rights period. In this period the concept of
Education for all rose and every population (black,
white, Hispanic, etc.) had equal rights to get their
education and to use law and demonstration to
establish their place in the US society.

10.  The notion that a knowledgeable teacher was required
for the schooling process to be successful fell away
with the advent of the personal computer, a drill master
for superior to an individual classroom teacher.
 During the modern era, the usage of interactive
technology was increased every day.

11. HISTORICAL FOUNDATIONS
OF CURRICULUM
 Majority of scholars would place its beginning in 1918
with the publication of Franklin Bobbit’s book “The
Curriculum”.
 Philippine education came about from various foreign
influences. The American educational system has the
greatest influence on our educational system.
 Spanish reigned for 300 years, American for 50 years,
and Japanese for about 4 years.

12. REFERENCES
> Curriculum Development : A Guide to Practice
Jon W. Wiles & Joseph C. Boundi
> PPT: Historical Development and Education Theory and
Development