This document discusses the history and culture of Oman. It describes Oman's strategic location overlooking important trade routes and how civilizations like the Babylonians and Assyrians settled there. It outlines key events like the arrival of Islam in Oman in the 7th century and the establishment of the Imamate political system between 751-1154 AD. The document also summarizes Oman's resistance against foreign occupiers like the Portuguese in the 15th-16th centuries and Persians in later centuries. It concludes with the beginning of Oman's modern renaissance in 1970 under Sultan Qaboos bin Said.

1. Oman patriotism
Done: minhal essam alzaabi
Class:11A
Subject ICT

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Oman's history tells stories of heroism, courage,
wisdom, patriotism, love and devotion to homeland.
This brings us closer to understanding the richness
of the Omani cultural experience which has
contributed to the building of modern Oman.
Oman’s strategic location has played a major role in
many campaigns and regional conflicts in this
region. Oman overlooks the Arabian Sea, the Sea of
Oman and the Arabian Gulf. It also controls the
Strait of Hormuz, which is one of the most important
facilities in the region, linking the Sea of Oman with
the Arabian Gulf. The Strait of Hormuz is a gateway
to all ships coming from the Indian Ocean and
Arabian Sea.
Al Wattih in Muscat Governorate is one of the first
inhabited cities. Modern archaeological discoveries
suggest that humans settled in it during the Stone
Age, i.e. more than 10,000 years ago.
The Babylonians and the Assyrians settled in Oman
because they wanted to control the trade route that
linked Asia to the shores of the Mediterranean Sea.

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With the spread of Islam, and Mazin Bin Gadhubah joining Islam
as the first person in Oman and his emigration to Medina to meet
the Prophet, Peace be upon Him, the first mosque was built in
Oman. This is Al Midhmar Mosque that still stands to this day in
Wilayt Samail . These events paved the way for the two kings of
Oman at that time, Jua’fer and Abd Ibni Al Jalandi, to enter Islam
wholeheartedly and with utter conviction after receiving a letter
from the Prophet, Peace be upon Him. A Hadith mentions that the
Prophet, Peace be upon Him, said “God’s mercy be on the people
of Al Ghubaira” (i.e. the people of Oman). “They have believed in
me although they had not seen me”. Also stated in the sermon
our Master Abu Bakr Al-Sidiq, the caliph of the Prophet, Peace be
upon Him, to the people of Oman: “People of Oman you, you have
entered Islam voluntarily although the Prophet has not come to
your land on foot or on horse. You have not opposed him as other
Arabs opposed him, and you have not called for separation or
dispersion. May God unite you in benevolence.”
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With the election of Ibn Masood, the first imam, in 751 AD, the
Imamate era began in Oman and lasted four centuries until 1154.
Several attempts were made to restore the rule of the Imamate in
Oman in the mid-fifteenth century, but did not succeed.

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During the period 1498-1507 AD, the Portuguese tried to
control Oman. Omani history tells the story of the Omani
people who expelled the Portuguese with their struggle and
heroism. Nasser bin Murshid was elected Imam in 1624.
Because of the coastal location of Oman, the Omani navy
occupied a leading position regionally. This sparked the ire of
the Portuguese, who did not forget their devastating defeat.
Fierce battles erupted between the Portuguese Navy (which
had made India its base after the liberation of Oman) and the
strong Omani navy. After a fierce battle, the Omani fleet was
able to defeat the Portuguese fleet.
In 1698, the Omani Empire then expanded to include the cities
of the African east coast, stretching from Mombasa to Kila,
Zanzibar, Pemba and Bata. Mozambique remained under
Portuguese rule until the twentieth century.
Oman had been the target of a number of attempts by the
Persians to invade its territory, but the steadfastness and
heroism of the Omanis were successfully combined to defeat
the occupier. The invaders were defeated, underscoring the
exploits of Omani heroes in defending their lands. This great
victory was achieved at the hands of Imam Ahmed bin Saeed
Al Busaidi, who defeated the Persians and was elected imam.
With the advent of 1970 came the dawn of a modern
renaissance in the Sultanate, with the beginning of the
prosperous era of His Majesty Sultan Qaboos bin Said, may
God protect him.

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