Muslin 797
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The document summarizes several Muslim conquests between the 7th and 15th centuries. It describes the Battle of Al-Qadisiyyah in 636 CE which resulted in the Muslim conquest of Persia. It then discusses the "Victory of Victories" in 642 CE which decisively defeated the Persians. It outlines wars between the Arab forces and Khazar group between 650-758 CE. It also summarizes the Arab conquest and control of areas in Southern Italy, Anatolia, and parts of Africa and Asia over subsequent centuries, before concluding with the collapse of the Ottoman Empire in 1918 CE.
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Caliphate basically means, a state of entire Muslim nation, which is recognized by the Islam. It doesn’t mean only for Muslim, but also non-Muslims can also have citizenship of the Caliphate. It is the symbol of spiritual, political, economical and military unity.
There was many other empire claimed to be the Caliphate, but this three empire was well recognized by the entire Muslim nation, though they didn’t control over entire Muslim nation all along.
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Shah Abbas was the ruler of the Safavid Empire from 1588 to 1629. He implemented several solutions to problems facing the empire. He signed a peace treaty with the neighboring Ottoman Empire to address being surrounded by aggressive empires. He allowed religious tolerance to address having few natural resources. He moved the empire's capital to Isfahan and made it a center of international silk trade to create good relationships with wealthy foreign trading partners and address having few natural resources.
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Muline Fabric
Muslin is a soft, plain-woven cotton fabric that originated in Iraq and was later produced widely in India and France. It is lightweight, smooth, cool, and comfortable but also wrinkles easily. Muslin has a low thread count of less than 160 threads per square inch and generally ranges from 128 to 310 counts. It is commonly an off-white color and washes well in cool water with cool ironing. Muslin was first used in England in the 17th century and originated in production in Dhaka, Bangladesh where it remains an important textile.
Sleeves, skirts, pants
This document defines and describes various types of sleeves, skirts, pants, and pockets for clothing. It discusses set-in, raglan, and all-in-one sleeves. For skirts it covers styles like pencil, wrap, gathered, flared, bubble and tiered. Types of pants described include chinos, culottes, flares, capris, cargo and carpenter pants. The document also defines cuffs, bands, and pocket styles like bellows, cargo, welt and kangaroo pockets.
Constraints of Marker Planning
The document discusses three main constraints in marker planning for apparel production:
1) Pattern alignment must follow the grain line of the fabric to ensure proper hanging and draping.
2) Fabric symmetry/asymmetry must be considered to maintain consistent pattern direction.
3) Garment design characteristics like stripes must match when sewing pieces together.
Dart manupulation
The document discusses patternmaking methods for mass-produced garments. It describes the flat pattern making method as the fastest and most efficient for developing patterns that ensure consistent size and fit. Working patterns are used as the base to generate other pattern shapes. Patterns can be manipulated in two ways - through slash-and-spread or pivotal transfer techniques. Dart excess can be used to add gathers, pleats, tucks or style lines to a pattern.
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The document defines poka-yoke as a Japanese term meaning "mistake-proofing" and discusses its use in manufacturing to eliminate defects. Poka-yoke aims to prevent human errors by making processes foolproof through simple mechanisms that detect and correct mistakes. The document outlines principles of mistake-proofing, types of poka-yoke devices, and how poka-yoke can be implemented at different stages of production to catch errors early.
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This document provides an overview of an Islamic cultural awareness course, including introductions, guidelines, background information on Muslims in the local community and workplace, and key Islamic beliefs and practices. It outlines the five pillars of Islam, articles of faith, sensitivities to consider, and importance of interfaith dialogue. Contact details are provided for further information.
fabric study
The document provides details about different types of fabrics including voile, poplin, muslin, georgette, gauze, satin, velvet, flannel, drill, terry, denim, corduroy, chiffon, cambric, single jersey, double jersey, pique, slub jersey and fleece. For each fabric, it describes properties like weight, feel, texture and typical uses. The document appears to be part of a fabric study assignment submitted by a student.
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The early history of Al-Andalus saw the Muslim conquest of the Iberian Peninsula in 711 and the establishment of an independent Emirate of Córdoba by Abd al-Rahman I in 756. Over the following centuries, the Caliphate of Córdoba rose to prominence as a center of culture and learning before declining and fracturing into taifa kingdoms in the 11th century. As the taifas fought each other, Christian kingdoms took the opportunity to advance southward in the Reconquista.
Al-Andalus
The document summarizes the history of Al-Andalus (711-1492) in Iberia after the Muslim conquest. It describes how Muslim armies invaded the Iberian peninsula in 711 CE after the Visigoth kingdom fell into crisis. They quickly conquered most of the peninsula, establishing an emirate. The emirate grew into an independent Islamic state and later a caliphate centered in Córdoba, which became one of the most advanced cities in Europe. Internal conflicts in the 11th century caused the caliphate to break into smaller kingdoms (taifas) that were eventually conquered by North African dynasties like the Almoravids and Almohads
Unit 2 al andalus
The document discusses the history of Al-Andalus from the Umayyad conquest in the 8th century through the fall of Granada in 1492. It covers the establishment and organization of the Islamic caliphates that ruled Al-Andalus, the rise and fall of Islamic dynasties like the Umayyads and Nasrids, and the Golden Age of the Caliphate of Córdoba in the 10th century. Key aspects of society, culture, architecture, and the economy during the Islamic period in Al-Andalus are also described.
Al-Andalus & Christian Kingdoms 2ºC
The early history of Al-Andalus involved the Muslim conquest of the Iberian Peninsula in the early 8th century. By 711, Muslims had expanded across North Africa and the Mediterranean region. They crossed into the Iberian Peninsula aided by a civil war among Visigoth factions. The Muslims defeated the Visigoth king Roderic at the Battle of Guadalete. Within a few years, they occupied most of the Iberian Peninsula, establishing the emirate of Al-Andalus with its capital at Córdoba. The emirate was initially dependent on the Umayyad Caliphate in Damascus but became independent under Abd al-Rahman I, who founded
Al andalus
The political situation in the Iberian Peninsula in the early 8th century was unstable, with a civil war occurring between King Rodrigo and the family of the previous king, Witiza. When the Witiza family hired Muslim mercenaries from North Africa to fight for them, the Muslim army led by Musa and Tariq defeated Rodrigo's forces and went on to conquer most of the peninsula over the next few years due to the weakness of the Visigothic nobles. Al-Andalus began as an emirate dependent on the Umayyad Caliphate in Damascus, but it became independent under Emir Abd al-Rahman in 756 and later a caliphate under
Lecture 01 formation & evolution of muslim society in indian
Lecture 01 formation & evolution of muslim society in indianQuaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology, Nawabshah, Sindh, Pakistan
The document summarizes the key factors that led to the formation and evolution of Muslim society in the Indian subcontinent, including:
1. Muslim traders who had commercial links with the subcontinent dating back to the Indus Civilization period helped establish early cultural and economic ties.
2. Generals like Muhammad bin Qasim and Mahmud Ghaznavi conquered parts of the subcontinent and established Muslim rule through military campaigns starting in the 8th century.
3. Rulers of the Delhi Sultanate and Mughal Empire from the 13th-18th centuries enforced Islamic law and promoted conversion, patronizing ulama (Islamic scholars) and Sufis.
4. SufAl-Andalus & Christian Kingdoms 2º B
Here are 3 activities related to the document:
1. Name 3 Christian kingdoms that participated in the Reconquest.
2. Which kingdom conquered territories in Portugal and Andalusia?
3. What were some privileges offered to attract settlers to newly conquered lands?
Muslim Rule in Spain
After the Umayyad caliphate fell in Damascus, the last surviving member fled to Iberia and established himself as the Emir of Cordoba in 756. He made Cordoba the capital and established the Umayyad emirate. For over two centuries, Córdoba flourished under the emirs and caliphs, becoming one of the most advanced cities in Europe with vast libraries, philosophical and scientific achievements, and a prosperous economy. However, internal struggles after the caliphate's collapse in 1031 led to the fragmentation of Al-Andalus into competing taifa kingdoms, weakening Muslim rule and allowing the Christian reconquista to gain ground.
Al-Andalus & Christian Kingdoms 2ºA
The early history of Al-Andalus
By the 8th century, Muslims had expanded beyond Arabia and controlled North Africa. In 711, they crossed into the Iberian Peninsula, defeating the Visigoth King Roderic. They occupied most of the peninsula but not the mountainous regions. The Muslims called their new territory Al-Andalus, with its capital at Córdoba, dependent on the Umayyad caliphate. Over time Al-Andalus fragmented into taifa states and the Christian kingdoms grew in strength, gradually reconquering Muslim lands.
Chapter 8 Breakdowns
The document summarizes important people, places, works of art and literature, and turning points related to the Arab Lands and Iran/Central Asia between 570-1260 CE. The Arab Lands experienced many changes in power over this period, with 16 mentioned, including the rise of Islam under Muhammad and the Umayyad and Abbasid Caliphates. Iran/Central Asia had fewer changes noted, including the founding of independent states and the arrival of Turkish Seljuk rule. Both regions engaged in trade and cultural exchange while experiencing political instability over the centuries.
U4&6. middle ages in the iberian peninsula
711: The Muslim conquest of the Iberian Peninsula began under Tarik ibn Ziyad, establishing Al-Andalus.
Between 711-1492, parts of the Iberian Peninsula were ruled by Muslim states in the south (Al-Andalus) while Christian kingdoms occupied the north, with the border fluctuating as the Reconquista progressed. By 1492, the Catholic Monarchs had completed the Reconquista with the fall of Granada, the last Muslim state.
Ch.2/L1 - the Ottoman Empire
The Ottomans established a vast Muslim empire between 1300 and 1600 CE that combined many cultures. They were led by effective military leaders like Osman, Mehmed II, Selim I, and Suleiman I. Under Suleiman, the empire reached its peak, stretching from Hungary to Iraq and controlling Mecca and Medina. However, later incompetent rulers, fratricide, and imprisoning potential heirs weakened the empire and led to a slow decline.
complete history of caliphate Umayyad
The Umayyad Caliphate began in 661 AD after Mu'awiyah defeated the fourth caliph Ali and established the Umayyad dynasty. The Umayyads expanded the Islamic empire significantly through military conquests. They also standardized the administration of the empire by establishing boards to oversee finances, correspondence, and other functions. The Umayyads made Damascus their capital and ruled over a vast territory, spreading Islam widely during their rule. However, internal conflicts and the rise of the Abbasid revolutionary movement eventually led to the downfall of the Umayyad dynasty in 750 AD.
Unit 3: al-Andalus
The document provides information about al-Ándalus from the 8th to 15th centuries. It begins with a timeline of the different phases: Conquest, Dependent Emirate, Independent Emirate, Caliphate of Córdoba, Taifa kingdoms, Almoravids, Almohads, and the Nasrid kingdom of Granada. It then discusses the Muslim conquest in the 8th century, the causes of their success, their only defeat at Covadonga, and the terms of the Treaty of Teodomiro. Subsequent sections cover the political independence of the Emirate of Córdoba, the establishment of the Caliphate, the reign of Almanzor,
Turkish empire rises in Anatolia.pptx.
The document summarizes the rise of Turkish empires in Anatolia. Nomadic Turks originally migrated from western China for reasons like drought, conflict, or seeking better pasture and trade. In the 10th century, some converted to Islam and moved into the Abbasid Empire, where they were taken as slaves, soldiers, and guards. The Turkish slaves grew powerful and took control of the declining Abbasid Empire by the 10th century. One Turkish group, the Seljuks, converted to Sunni Islam in the 1000s and established their rule over most of Anatolia after defeating the Byzantines in 1071. They gained support from the Persians, who served in their government and introduced Persian culture.
From the fall of rome to the crusades
The document provides an overview of important events in Europe from the fall of Rome to the Crusades. It describes the Dark Ages period and the lack of cultural advancements after Rome's fall. It discusses the rise of the Frankish kingdom and the conquests of Clovis and Charlemagne who expanded Frankish rule. It also summarizes the origins of Islam under Muhammad and the rapid expansion of the Islamic empire. The Viking Age and invasions across Europe are outlined as well as the Norman conquest of England at the Battle of Hastings in 1066.
Timeline of Human History & Leaders (1071 AD - 1370 AD)
This content is all about the history of previous leaders. Here we can know about the mistake that was made by those previous leader and their raise and fall. In fact, we can know about the legacy and contribution of the leader. Here we know about the leader of 1171 AD to 1370AD.
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- 2. • THE BATTLE OF ALQADISSIYYAH • This was the battle between the Muslim Arab armies and the Sassanid Persian army. • It resulted in the conquering of Persia, ending the Sassanid rule, and paying the way for the Muslim army to conquer Iraq • The battle, which took place in the year 636, was commanded by Caliph Umar
- 3. THE “VICTORY OF VICTORIES” • The Sassanid armies were smashed completely in the Battle of Nahavand which took place in the year 642. • The battle carried out by An-Numen Ibn Maqarrin took place in the city of Hamadan in Iran and resulted in the decisive victory of the Muslims who pushed the Persians out of all surrounding cities.
- 4. THE KHAZAR ARAB WARS • The Khazar were a group of seminomadic Turks • The Khazar were engaged in several war campaigns with the Arab forces between the years 650 and 758 • The instability of the Umayyad forces made the area impossible.
- 5. • The Khazar were able to reassert their indepence • It claimed that by the tenth century the Khazars and the caliphates became allies
- 6. SOUTHERN ITALY UNDER ARAB CONTROLS • Between the years 831b and 902, the ruler who were under the commands of the Abbasids launched several wars from the present day Tunisia against forces in the areas like Palermo, Messina. • in 948, the Fatimid's reached the Emirate of Sicily, and Arabs controlled the region.
- 7. THE CONQUEST OF ANATOLIA • Important achievements during the Abbasid reign was the invasion of Crete, and their control over the area in the year 840 • Seljuk Turks who first allied with the Abbasids and then reigned completely. • In 1068, Alp Arslan, a Seljuk Sultan, recaptured many lands and moved of the Abbasid lands and move further east toward Anatolia in one of the major wars called the Battle of Manzikeret which took the place in the year 1071.
- 8. • Between the years 1200 and 1800, the Muslims were able to invade more areas in east Africa and Southern Asia. • The battle of Baghdad in the year 1258 resulted in the destruction of Abbasid caliphates. • The last Muslim Empire, the Ottoman Empire, collapsed in the year 1918 after the World War 1 and thus ended a great history of Muslim conquests