Dr.Merrin,Joseph,Department of pharmacy practice,Community Pharmacy , Pharm D Second year, patient counseling,definition,outcome/scope of patient counseling,steps in patient counseling,communication skill in patient couseling,verbal skills and non-verbal skills.
Patient medication adherence, Medication adherence, Causes of medication non-adherence, Problems linked with Medication Non-adherence, Factors affecting medication adherence, Patient related factors, Social and Economic factor, Disease related factor, Health care provider related factors, Therapy related factors, pharmacist role in the medication adherence, role of pharmacist in the medication adherence, monitoring of patient medication adherence, Direct method, Indirect method
Introduction to daily activities of clinical pharmacist.
Drug therapy monitoring,
Medication chart review
Clinical Progress
Pharmacist intervention
Detection and management of ADRs
Patient medication adherence, Medication adherence, Causes of medication non-adherence, Problems linked with Medication Non-adherence, Factors affecting medication adherence, Patient related factors, Social and Economic factor, Disease related factor, Health care provider related factors, Therapy related factors, pharmacist role in the medication adherence, role of pharmacist in the medication adherence, monitoring of patient medication adherence, Direct method, Indirect method
Introduction to daily activities of clinical pharmacist.
Drug therapy monitoring,
Medication chart review
Clinical Progress
Pharmacist intervention
Detection and management of ADRs
Patient Counselling is needed for
Better patient understanding to their illness and role of medication.
Improve medication adherence.
Improve dosage regimen adherence.
More effective Drug treatment.
Reduce incidence of adverse drug effect and unnecessary healthcare cost.
ADR reporting.
Improve quality of life for patient.
Raising image of Pharmacist & its profession.
Objectives, scope, Organization and structure of retail and wholesale drug store, type and design, dispensing of proprietary products, legal requirements
Drug Information Services, Drug information Sources, Illegal DIC, Drug Information Bulletin, Classification of scientific literature, services offered bu drug information services
REVIEWING THE CLINICIANS PRESCRIPTION AND TREATMENT PROGRESSION IS THE FUNDAMENTAL RESPONSIBILITY OF PHARMACIST. THIS PRESENTATION WILL DEAL WITH VARIOUS ASPECTS OF REVIEWING PATIENT DRUGTHERAPY PLAN
Barriers of patient counseling in a community pharmacy and Strategies to over...MerrinJoseph1
Second Pharm -D , Patient Counseling Barriers and Strategies to overcome the barriers-pharmacist specific barriers,patient specific barrires and system based barriers and how to overcome the barriers for effective patient counseling in a community pharmacy.
It is a very important topic in healthcare. Pharmacists must be aware of few important counselling points for every medicine. Community Pharmacist must be aware of counselling.
Basic introduction to patient counselling for the clinical pharmacy services. Educating the patient on their disease, medication and lifestyle for better patient care and quicker recovery.
Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pharmacy, functions and
responsibilities of clinical pharmacist, Drug therapy monitoring - medication chart
review, clinical review
A Ward round is a visit made by a medical practitioner, alone or with a team of health care professionals and medical students to hospital in-patients at their bedside to review and follow-up the progress in their health.
Usually at least one ward round is conducted
everyday to review the progress of each
patient outcome.
Pharmacist’s participating in medical ward
rounds promotes health care
Participation of the Pharmacists in ward
rounds in various practice settings helps to
provide rational drug use.
medication Adherence defined as the act of filling a new prescription for the first time.
The extent to which the patients take medications as prescribed by the prescriber.
Patient Counselling is needed for
Better patient understanding to their illness and role of medication.
Improve medication adherence.
Improve dosage regimen adherence.
More effective Drug treatment.
Reduce incidence of adverse drug effect and unnecessary healthcare cost.
ADR reporting.
Improve quality of life for patient.
Raising image of Pharmacist & its profession.
Objectives, scope, Organization and structure of retail and wholesale drug store, type and design, dispensing of proprietary products, legal requirements
Drug Information Services, Drug information Sources, Illegal DIC, Drug Information Bulletin, Classification of scientific literature, services offered bu drug information services
REVIEWING THE CLINICIANS PRESCRIPTION AND TREATMENT PROGRESSION IS THE FUNDAMENTAL RESPONSIBILITY OF PHARMACIST. THIS PRESENTATION WILL DEAL WITH VARIOUS ASPECTS OF REVIEWING PATIENT DRUGTHERAPY PLAN
Barriers of patient counseling in a community pharmacy and Strategies to over...MerrinJoseph1
Second Pharm -D , Patient Counseling Barriers and Strategies to overcome the barriers-pharmacist specific barriers,patient specific barrires and system based barriers and how to overcome the barriers for effective patient counseling in a community pharmacy.
It is a very important topic in healthcare. Pharmacists must be aware of few important counselling points for every medicine. Community Pharmacist must be aware of counselling.
Basic introduction to patient counselling for the clinical pharmacy services. Educating the patient on their disease, medication and lifestyle for better patient care and quicker recovery.
Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pharmacy, functions and
responsibilities of clinical pharmacist, Drug therapy monitoring - medication chart
review, clinical review
A Ward round is a visit made by a medical practitioner, alone or with a team of health care professionals and medical students to hospital in-patients at their bedside to review and follow-up the progress in their health.
Usually at least one ward round is conducted
everyday to review the progress of each
patient outcome.
Pharmacist’s participating in medical ward
rounds promotes health care
Participation of the Pharmacists in ward
rounds in various practice settings helps to
provide rational drug use.
medication Adherence defined as the act of filling a new prescription for the first time.
The extent to which the patients take medications as prescribed by the prescriber.
1.Definition and benefits of patient counselling
2.Stages of patient counselling - Introduction, counselling content, counselling process and closing the counselling session
3.Barriers to effective counseling - Types and strategies to overcome the barriers
Communication is the transfer of information meaningful to those involved. Interactive communication is a process that facilitates a dialogue to provide multiple opportunities to accurately interpret meaning and respond appropriately. An interactive model is similar to a discussion rather than a lecture.
For example, using an interactive model, a patient may be asked what they know about their medications. As the patient describes aspects of his or her medication therapy, the pharmacist can then respond to fill in knowledge gaps, correct misinformation and verify patient understanding, thus eliminating or minimizing misunderstandings.
Interactive communications are effective for many interpersonal situations, but are especially useful when working with patients to assure appropriate use of medications.
Understand the need for patient counselling
Identify outcomes of effective patient counselling
. Discuss the verbal and non-verbal communication skills
required by a good counsellor. Better patient understanding of their illness and the role of medication in its treatment.
Patient counseling is a process wherein pharmacist implements face-to-face interaction with the patient to provide information, orally or in written form, on directions of use & advice on side effects to help them to use their medications appropriately
what is patient counselling, objective of patient counselling, steps in patient counselling, patient counselling contents, process, conclusion, communicative skill for effective counselling, verbal communication, non verbal communications
pharmacist patient education and counseling Hemat Elgohary
Lack of sufficient knowledge about their health problems and medications cause of patients’ non-adherence to their pharmaco-therapeutic regimens and monitoring plans so pharmacist need to have skills and knowledge to improve patient adherence and reduce medication-related problems
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A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
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June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
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http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
2. DEFINITION
It is the professional counselling given by a practicing
pharmacist to his patient or the patients representative
on layman language on matters related to the
prescribed medication, health care and life style with
the objective of increasing patient compliance to the
prescribed medication and promoting rational ,
scientific and prudent use of medications.
3. AIMS/OUTCOMES
Better patient understanding
Reinforcement of advice from primary health care
team.
Improves medication adherence.
More effective drug treatment
Reduced incidence of adverse effects and unnecessary
healthcare costs.
Those patients most in need are given more attention.
Improved job satisfaction for pharmacists
Rapport with patient and pharmacist.
4. STEPS IN COUNSELLING
Preparing for the session
Introduction/opening of the session
Content of the counselling
Closing the session
5. 1.PREPARATION FOR THE COUNSELING
The pharmacist should make a quick mental
preparation for the counseling before the actual
encounter.
The pharmacist should know as much as possible about
the patient and about his/her treatment details.This will
be possible in the hospital setting through reference to
the patient case notes.
The sources of information include the patient and their
prescription and in some cases the record of previous
dispensing of patient.
6. Mental and physical state of the patient should be
considered.Observation of the patient prior to
counselling can reveal many clues about the
patients physical and mental state.
If the patient is in hurry,in pain or is non-
communicative,it is very difficult to counsel the
patient effectively.In such situations, the aims of
counselling may be modified or with the patients
agreement, the session may be postponed to a
later date.
7. 2.INTRODUCTION/OPENING OF THE SESSION
The first phase of counselling is used for information gathering.
Conduct appropriate counselling introduction by identifying self
and the patient or patients agent.
The pharmacist should introduce himself to the patient and greet
them by name.
Always put on a friendly face with a pleasant smile and good
behaviour and extend hands.
Explain the purpose of the counselling session.It is very important
to tell patients the importance of the counselling session from their
point of view.
Review patient records prior to counselling .The pharmacist should
review patients records before the counselling session,if available
inorder to familiarise himself with the patient before actually
meeting the patients.In this way,the pharmacist can think of what
questions are needed to be asked and what needs to be said.
8. Obtain pertinent initial drug related information. Ask the
patient whether he/she has some allergies or whether
he/she is currently using other medications ,about age
and other drug related information .This is important as
sometimes these issues can cause undesirable activity in
the patients instead of the desired therapeutic action.
Determine if the patient use any other medication
including OTCs , herbals/botanicals and alcohol which
could interact or inhibit the prescribed medication.
Determine if the patient has any other medical
conditions which could influence the effects of this
medication or enhance the likelihood of an ADR.
9. Assess the patients understanding of the reason for the
therapy.This will help to save time in the counselling
session and reinforces learned information in
addition,any incorrect information could be corrected at
the time.
Assess the actual and/or potential concerns or problems
of importance to the patient.The patient should be
prompted and encouraged to share with the harmacist his
concerns or doubts.Pharmacists have to respond with
appropriate empathy,listening,and paying attention to the
doubts.
10. 3.CONTENT OF COUNSELLING
The content of counselling is considered to be the heart of the
session. During this step the pharmacist explains to the patient
about his or her medication and treatment regimen.Lifestyle
changes may also be discussed.
Topics commenly covered include the information listed below.
The medications trade name,generic name,common synonym or
other descriptive names ,therapeutic class and efficacy.
The medications use and expected benefits and action.This may
include whether the medication is intended to cure a
disease,elimination,decrease symptoms,arrest or slow disease
process or prevent the disease or symptoms.
The medications expected onset of action and what to do if the
action does not occur.
The medications route,dosage and administration schedule.This
helps in accurate dose and ensures the desirable action.
11. Directions for preparing and using or administering the
medications.For instance,directions for using and preparing
dry syrups must be given for the correct
usage.Similarly,administration of suppositories,enemas,ear
drops,eye drops,ointments,lotions,liniments must be given.
Action to be taen in case of a missed dose.Advise the patient
if a dose is missed never double the dose as it can cause
toxicity and also tell them to continue with the schedule.
Precautions to be observed during the medications use or
administration and the medications potential ADRs in
relation to the benefits.
Potential common and severe adverse effects that may occur
,actions to prevent or minimize their occurence and actions to
take if they occur,including notifying the prescriber or
pharmacist/other health care provider.
Techniques for self monitoring of the pharmacotherapy.
12. Potential drug-drug (including non-prescription),drug-food
and drug-drug interactions or contraindications.
The medications relationship to radiologic and laboratory
procedures and timing of doses and potential interferenes
with interpretation of results.
Prescription refill authorizations and the process for
obtainin refills
Instructions for 24hrs access to a pharmacist.
Proper storage of the medication Eg.Insulin pen
Proper disposal of contaminated or discontinued
medications and used administration devices.
Any other information unique to an individual patient or
medication.
13. 4.CONCLUSION OF THE SESSION
Before closing the session ,it is essential to check the
patients understanding . This can be assessed by
feedback questioning such as Can you remember what
this medication is for?
Conclude the counselling covering the following area
Verify patients understanding via feedback.
Summarize main points in a logical order and
emphasize the key points.
Tell the patient when he is due back to a refill
14. Provide an oppurtunity for final concerns and questions
Help the patient to plan follow up and next steps. Give
if appropriate,the pharmacists telephone number and
other details to encourage patients to make contact if
they need further advice/information.
Thank the patient
Documentation of the session which can help in future
15. Communication Skills Needed For
Effective Counselling
The counselling process uses basically 2 types of
communication skills.
1)Verbal Communication Skill
2)Non-Verbal Communication Skill
17. →Tone
Changes in the level and range of pitch convey
information about the feelings and attitude of
person speaking.
Tone of voice should be caring and reassuring.
18. →Volume
Counselling should be conducted in a quiet
private setting where it is unneccessary to raise
one’s voice.
Speak more loudly –patient with hearing problem.
Speak in wide variation of volume depending upon
where and whom you are speaking to.
19. →Speed
The pharmacist should present clear,relevant
messages in a logical sequence and at a
speed which gives the patient to think about
what is being said.
Clarity of our communication depends upon
our rate of speed.
20. →Use of open ended questions
Open ended question starts with who,
what,where,when,while,how.
The answer to a closed ended question will not reveal
anything about the understanding and recollection of
information.
A yes/no question tells you whether the patient thinks
she /he know the information ,but doesn’t allow you to
access the accuracy of information.
21. →Use of paraphrasing (Active listening)
Pharmacist attempt to reframe in his own word
what the patient has just said to him.
Thus pharmacist convey to patient that he/she has
listened to the message of the patient.
22. →Assertiveness
The intent of assertive behaviour is to
communicate in an atmosphere of trust.
Assertive indivituals initiate communication in a
way that conveys their concern and respect to
others.
23. Non-Verbal Skills
→Eye contact
The best a pharmacist can offeris the fequent and
attentive eye contact,avoiding blank starer.
Some people with depression or due to cultural
differences should not maintain eye contact.
24. →Facial Expression
This can beused during counselling to demonstrate
empathytowards patient.
Head movements such as nodding,hand gestures
and body postures also can be used to advantage.
25. →Proximity
This refers to the distance that people maintain between
themselfes during the counselling process.
Counsellers or healthcare professionals use intimate or
personal proximities.
☺Intimate (45 cm or less)
☺Personal (45cm-1.2m)
☺Social (1.2m-3.6m)
☺Public (more than 3.6)
26. →Mannerisms
The pharmacist needs to make patient seat
comfortable by enhancing physical and
psychological privacy.
Gesture ,clothing,hygiene can provide information
about interviewer.
27. →Listening
Listening to the patient is important to effective
communication.
Must allow the patient tospeak without
interruption and concentrate on the words.
The pharmacist should rid him/herself of
distraction.
Ask clarifying questions where appropriate and
avoid jumping to conclusion.
28. →Touch
It can enhance the verbal communication facilitate
the interaction with the patient.
29. COUNSELLING AREA
It should be a private area away from other people
and distractions.
The patient should perceive the counselling area as
confidential and secure so that they will ask
questions which they hesitate to ask in public.