Pathophysiology on Monkeypox PPT .pptx
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Name _ Kedar Gopichand Badgujar Domain_ Pathophysiology on Monkeypox Class _ Final year B pharmacy College Name_ SMES college of pharmacy, nashik.
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MonkeyPox Virus
Monkeypox is a zoonotic virus similar to smallpox that is endemic to parts of Africa. It can be transmitted from animals to humans via contact with bodily fluids or consumption of undercooked meat. Human to human transmission is also possible. Symptoms include fever, headache, rash and lesions. There have been increasing outbreaks linked to international travel and exotic pet trade. While there is no proven treatment, isolation and vaccination can help control outbreaks. Prevention requires education on risks, offering PPE, and restricting animal importation.
Monkey pox virus - Microbiological aspects
Video presentation - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=45CjKnJaIC0
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understandingmonkeypox-.pptx
Dr. Ishwar Gilada provides an overview of the current monkeypox outbreak. He notes that monkeypox is spreading to more countries than usual. The virus causes symptoms similar to smallpox but less severe. It is transmitted through close contact with infected humans or animals. While risk is not limited to any group, some cases have been identified in communities of gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men. Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms and preventing secondary infections. Vaccines may provide protection but no perfect antiviral currently exists. Vigilance and preparedness are needed to contain the outbreak.
Zika virus disease
Zika virus is transmitted to humans primarily through the bite of infected Aedes mosquitoes. It typically causes mild fever, rash, joint pain, and conjunctivitis lasting up to a week. While most infections are asymptomatic, Zika virus infection during pregnancy can cause microcephaly and other birth defects. The virus was first identified in 1947 and outbreaks have occurred in Africa, Asia, Pacific Islands and the Americas. There is no vaccine or specific treatment, so prevention focuses on controlling the mosquito vector and protecting against bites.
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Monkeypox is a rare zoonosis caused by monkeypox virus. This disease is similar to smallpox disease but with lesser severity. This disease is common among Africans. It can be prevented by avoiding contact with contaminated animal and human fluids as well as respiratory droplets. It require a multidisciplinary approach to achieve cure and prevention.
Monkeypox Virus
Monkeypox is a rare viral infection that is transmitted to humans from animals. It causes symptoms similar to smallpox but is generally less severe. There are two strains - one fatal in up to 10% of cases, the other less than 1%. It spreads through close contact with lesions, body fluids or respiratory droplets. Recent outbreaks in Europe have been mostly among men who have sex with men. While generally mild, it requires isolation and monitoring of close contacts to prevent further spread.
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Protozoa can cause important infectious diseases like malaria. Malaria is caused by Plasmodium parasites and transmitted via mosquito bites. It affects millions annually, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Drug resistance has emerged, necessitating new treatments. Prevention relies on chemoprophylaxis and reducing mosquito exposure.
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MonkeyPox Virus
Monkeypox is a zoonotic virus similar to smallpox that is endemic to parts of Africa. It can be transmitted from animals to humans via contact with bodily fluids or consumption of undercooked meat. Human to human transmission is also possible. Symptoms include fever, headache, rash and lesions. There have been increasing outbreaks linked to international travel and exotic pet trade. While there is no proven treatment, isolation and vaccination can help control outbreaks. Prevention requires education on risks, offering PPE, and restricting animal importation.
Monkey pox virus - Microbiological aspects
Video presentation - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=45CjKnJaIC0
Learn Community Medicine along with me : https://t.me/drvkspm
Be my friend by connecting with me through:
Instagram : https://www.instagram.com/drvenkateshkarthikeyan/
Facebook : https://www.facebook.com/drvenkateshkarthikeyan/
Twitter : https://twitter.com/dr_venkatesh_k
Website : www.drvenkateshkarthikeyan.com
LinkedIn : https://in.linkedin.com/in/dr-venkatesh-karthikeyan-8b1234ab
Learn Community Medicine along with me : https://t.me/drvkspm
understandingmonkeypox-.pptx
Dr. Ishwar Gilada provides an overview of the current monkeypox outbreak. He notes that monkeypox is spreading to more countries than usual. The virus causes symptoms similar to smallpox but less severe. It is transmitted through close contact with infected humans or animals. While risk is not limited to any group, some cases have been identified in communities of gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men. Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms and preventing secondary infections. Vaccines may provide protection but no perfect antiviral currently exists. Vigilance and preparedness are needed to contain the outbreak.
Zika virus disease
Zika virus is transmitted to humans primarily through the bite of infected Aedes mosquitoes. It typically causes mild fever, rash, joint pain, and conjunctivitis lasting up to a week. While most infections are asymptomatic, Zika virus infection during pregnancy can cause microcephaly and other birth defects. The virus was first identified in 1947 and outbreaks have occurred in Africa, Asia, Pacific Islands and the Americas. There is no vaccine or specific treatment, so prevention focuses on controlling the mosquito vector and protecting against bites.
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Monkeypox is a rare zoonosis caused by monkeypox virus. This disease is similar to smallpox disease but with lesser severity. This disease is common among Africans. It can be prevented by avoiding contact with contaminated animal and human fluids as well as respiratory droplets. It require a multidisciplinary approach to achieve cure and prevention.
Monkeypox Virus
Monkeypox is a rare viral infection that is transmitted to humans from animals. It causes symptoms similar to smallpox but is generally less severe. There are two strains - one fatal in up to 10% of cases, the other less than 1%. It spreads through close contact with lesions, body fluids or respiratory droplets. Recent outbreaks in Europe have been mostly among men who have sex with men. While generally mild, it requires isolation and monitoring of close contacts to prevent further spread.
22. protozoal infections
Protozoa can cause important infectious diseases like malaria. Malaria is caused by Plasmodium parasites and transmitted via mosquito bites. It affects millions annually, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Drug resistance has emerged, necessitating new treatments. Prevention relies on chemoprophylaxis and reducing mosquito exposure.
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Monkeypox is caused by monkeypox virus, an orthopoxvirus. It occurs sporadically in parts of Central and West Africa. Symptoms include fever, headache, lymphadenopathy and a rash that starts on the face and spreads to other parts of the body. It is usually self-limiting but can be serious in children or immunocompromised individuals. Diagnosis involves collecting samples from lesions for laboratory testing. There is no specific treatment but smallpox vaccination provides protection. Prevention focuses on reducing exposure to infected animals or contact with infected humans.
Brain eating amoeba
Naegleria fowleri is a microscopic, single-celled amoeba that lives in warm bodies of freshwater and soil. It can cause a rare, but usually fatal infection of the brain called primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) if water containing the amoeba enters the nose. Symptoms appear 2-15 days after infection and include fever, nausea, vomiting, and headaches. The infection progresses rapidly and usually causes death within 1-2 weeks. Diagnosis involves examining cerebrospinal fluid for the presence of the amoeba. Treatment options are limited and most patients do not survive even with drug therapy.
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- There are several clinical forms including cutaneous, mucocutaneous, and visceral leishmaniasis. Visceral leishmaniasis, also known as kala-azar, is the most serious form and if left untreated is usually fatal.
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Sce mmuno1 26
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- 3. A Review Article By BADGUJAR KEDAR GOPICHAND Final Year B. Pharmacy P.R.N NO- (1952811823008) Guided By Dr. A.G.JADHAV SIR
- 4. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY It is the study of the changes of normal mechanical, physical, and biochemical function, either caused by disease or any disease related condition. Pathophysiology means the Functional changes associated with disease.
- 6. ETIOLOGY ETIOLOGY:Etiology isbranchofmedicalsciencedealingwith “Thecauseororiginofdisease.” Monkeypox belongsto the Family: Poxviridae, Subfamily: chordopoxvirinae, Genus: orthopoxvirus, Species: monkeypox virus.
- 7. electronmicroscopy, themonkeypox virusisrelativelylarge( about200to250nanometers). Poxvirusesarebrick-shaped, surroundedbyalipoprotein envelopewith alineardouble-strandedDNAgenome. poxvirusesincludeallnecessaryreplication,transcription in theirgenome. Monkeypox isazoonosisandisspreadfromanimalsto humans.
- 8. EPIDEMILOGY EPIDEMIOLOGY: Thescientificstudy ofthespread andcontrol ofrdiseases. Monkeypox wasazoonotic diseaseendemictocentralandwestern Africa. Infections haveoccurredinsquirrels, rats,mice,monkeys, prairiedogs, andhumans. Cases ofhumanmonkeypoxhaveoccurredoutsideof Africa.
- 11. Infectedpatientsmaybecontagiousatthistime. Lesionsstartintheoropharynx andthenappearontheskin.
- 12. SYMPTOMS • Bacterialskininfection. • Permanentskinscarring. • Hyperpigmentationorhypopigmentation. • Permanentcornealscarring(visionloss). • Pneumonia • Dehydration(vomiting, diarrhea,decreaseoforalintake) • Sepsis • Death
- 14. TREATMENT Currently,therearenospecificclinicallyproventreatmentsformonkeypox infection.Aswithmostviralillnesses,thetreatmentissupportivesymptom management. Theinfectedindividualshouldremaininisolation,wearasurgicalmask TECOVIRIMAT&BRINCIDOFOVIRmedicamentsforMonkeypox DualtherapyWhichcanbetrialedinseverecases. TECOVIRIMATinhibitsviralenvelopeproteinVP37,thusblockingviralmaturationas wellasthereleaseofthevirusfrominfectedcells.
- 15. BRINCIDOFOVIR isapprovedfor thetreatmentof smallpoxintheUS. Normalsaline.
- 16. DIFFERENTIALDIAGNOSIS • Smallpox • Disseminatedzoster • Chickenpox • Eczema • Syphilis • Scabies • Ricketts • Measles • Bacterialskininfections
- 17. Conclusion:- Human monkeypox has the potential for spread via zoonotic reservoirs,civil conflicts and displacement cause concerns for movement of the virus into an area without monkeypox. The Documented rise in incidence of human diseases needs further evaluation and consideration with addititional studies to better understand the range of factors invoved in diseases transmission and spread. There are still many unanswered questions about human diseases , animal resorvior and the virus itself advances in our understanding of this important zoonosiswill help better guide prevention stratergies and mitigate human diseases.
- 18. REFERENCES JOURNAL ON VIRULANCE &PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF MONKEYPOX {USA},UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK WIKIDOC NCBI NIH BOOKS