The document outlines key concepts of human anatomy, focusing on anatomical positions, movement terminology, and the classification of body types (somatotypes). It details the four main anatomical positions (supine, prone, right lateral recumbent, left lateral recumbent) and various types of body movements, such as flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction. Additionally, it discusses three somatotypes: endomorph, mesomorph, and ectomorph, illustrating how these classifications relate to physical and personality traits.

1. ANATOMICAL POSITION
Prepared: Eric J. Manuevo
PATH-FIT 1

2. Desired Learning Outcomes:
A. Identify anatomical, reference positions, directional and movement terms;
B. Demonstrate anatomical positions used to reference to the body
C. Distinguish between the commonly used reference positions and recognize
their individual views: and
D. Apply directional and movement terms to their location on the human body

3. Body Parts human body, the physical substance of the human organism,
composed of living cells and extracellular materials and organized into tissues,
organs, and systems

4. Core Anatomy

5. Core Anatomy

6. Anatomical Terms – The
Language of Anatomy
• Anatomical terminology is used to prevent
misunderstanding
• Exact terms are used for
Structures
Locations
Direction
Regions

10. •Terms of position
and direction
describe the position
of one body part
relative to another.
•It usually along one
of the three major
body planes

19. Four Main
Anatomical Positions of the body
Supine Position- the body is lying flat instead of standing upright,
with the same positioning of the limbs

20. Four Main
Anatomical Positions of the body
Prone Position- the body lies flat with the chest down and the back
up

21. Four Main
Anatomical Positions of the body
Right lateral recumbent (RLR)- means the person is lying on the
right side

22. Four Main
Anatomical Positions of the body
Left lateral recumbent (LLR)- means the person is lying on the left
side

23. Movements of the Body
Anatomical Positions of the body
Space is an important concept in movement education. Teaching students
about space in terms of movement education involves teaching directions
such as up and down and left and right. However, space is usually taught to
be based in three different planes.
Posture is defined as the relative position of the body and or
the arrangement of its body parts at any moment.

24. The Sagittal Plane is the imaginary plane that divides the
body into the left and right sides. Movements along this
plane are forward and backward, like bowing to your partner
or shooting a basketball.
The Frontal Plane divides the body into front and back
planes, like the front and back of sandwich. Movements
along the frontal planes are sideways, similar to opening and
closing a door.
The Transverse Plane which involves twisting movements
such as doing a log roll with your body. Also known as
horizontal plane

25. Medial Plane sagittal plane through the
midline of the body dividing the body or
any of its parts into right and left halves.

26. Inhale vs Exhale

27. • Inhale to your nose 3 seconds then pause,
exhale to your mouth 4 seconds

28. CORE BRACING

29. Types of Body Movement
1.Flexion and Extension
• Flexion- refers to a movement
that decreases the angle
between two body parts.
• Extension- refers to a
movement that increases
the angle between two
body parts.

30. Types of Body Movement
2. Abduction and Adduction
Abduction- is a
movement away from the
midline- just as abducting
someone is to take them
away.

31. Types of Body Movement
2. Abduction and Adduction
Adduction- is
a movement
towards
the midline.

32. Types of Body Movement
3. Medial and Lateral
Medial rotation- is a rotational movement towards
the midline. It is sometimes referred to as internal
rotation.
Lateral rotation- is a rotating movement
away from the midline.

33. Types of Body Movement
4. Elevation and Depression
Elevation- refers to movement
in a superior direction
(e.g., shoulder shrug)
Depression- refers to
movement in an inferior
direction.

34. Types of Body Movement
5. Pronation and Supination
Supination- this is easily confused with medial and
lateral rotation, but the differences is subtle. With
your hand resting on a table in front of you, and
keeping your shoulder and elbow still, turn your
hand onto its back, palm up. This is the supine
position.

35. Types of Body Movement
5. Pronation and Supination
Pronation- Keeping your elbow and
shoulder still, flip your hand onto its front,
palm down. This is the prone position

36. Types of Body Movement
6. Dorsiflexion and Plantar Extension
Dorsiflexion- refers to flexion at
the ankle, so that the footprints
more superiorly.
Plantar extension- refers extension
at the ankle, so that the foot points
inferiorly.

37. Types of Body Movement
7. Inversion and Eversion
Inversion- involves the movement
of the sole towards the median
plane.
Eversion-involves the movement of
the sole away from the median
plane

38. Types of Body Movement
8. Opposition and Reposition
Opposition- brings the thumb and
little finger together.
Reposition- is a movement that
moves the thumb away from each
other.

39. Types of Body Movement
9. Protraction and Retraction
Protraction- describes the anterolateral
movement of the scapula on the thoracic
wall that allows the shoulder to move
anteriorly.
Retraction- refers to posteromedial
movement of the scapula on the thoracic
wall, which causes the shoulder region to
move posteriorly

40. Types of Body Movement
Ipsilateral – refers to the same body
Contralateral-means opposite side of the body.
Neutral position- refers to the position of the
spine where all the three curves of the spine-
cervical(neck), thoracic(middle) and lumbar
(lower)- are in good alignment.

41. The Body Shape
The Three Somatotypes
Body type or somatotype, refers to the idea that there three
generalized body compositions that people are predetermined to have.
The concept was theorized by Dr. W. H. Sheldon back in the early
1940s, naming the three somatotypes endomorph, mesomorph, and
ectomorph. It was originally believed that a person’s somatotype was
unchangeable, and that certain physiological and psychological
characteristics were even determined by whichever one a person
aligns to.

42. Endomorph
Relative predominance of soft
roundness throughout various
regions of the body
Have a more relaxed,
comfortable, and extroverted
personality.

43. Mesomorph
Relative predominance of muscle,
bone, and connective tissue that
dominates bodily economy
Heavy, hard and rectangular in
outline
Have a more active, dynamic,
assertive, and aggressive personality.

44. Relative predominance of linearity
and fragility
Greatest skin surface area relative
to body mass causes greater
sensory exposure.
Have a more active, dynamic,
assertive, and aggressive
personality.
Ectomorph

46. Activities
READY/ STARTING POSITION

47. MOVEMENT CUES OBSERVED NOT OBSERVED
NEUTRAL SPINE TO THE NECK
FEET HIP WIDTH APART
HOLD FOR 10 SECONDS
BRACE POSITION
Activities

48. Activities
DEAD BUG SERIES (LATERAL VS
CONTRALATERAL)

49. Activities
DEAD BUG PROGRESSION

50. Activities
HIP BRIDGE

51. Activities
HIP BRIDGE PROGRESSION

52. Activities
ROLLING

53. Activities
BIRD DOG SERIES

54. Activities
DOWNWARD DOG

55. Activities
SCAPULAR PROTRACTION AND
RETRACTION

56. Activities
YTW

57. Activities
PLANK SERIES ( ELBOW & STRAIGHT )

58. Activities
SQUAT SERIES

59. Activities
BURPEES

60. THANK YOU