The document discusses the passive voice in English grammar. It provides examples of changing sentences from the active to passive voice in different tenses, including the present simple, present continuous, past simple, present perfect, and with modal verbs. It also includes an exercise identifying passive sentences and practicing changing sentences to the passive voice.

1. PASSIVE VOICE

2. ACTIVE : Sallyeatsfried rice. S V O PASSIVE : Fried riceis eatenby Sally. S V agent

3. ACTIVE : A carpentermadethis chairin Bali. S V O Adv. PASSIVE: This chairwas made (by a carpenter)in Bali. S V agent. Adv

4. PRESENT SIMPLE PASSIVE Everybody loves English weather. Passive voice? English weather is loved by everybody. To make the passive use the verb ‘to BE’ in the same tense as the original sentence – here it is the present simple tense To make the passive, use the 3rd form or past participle of the main verb. If you need to mention who is doing the action, use ‘by’ to introduce it. ‘is loved’ is present simple passive (because ‘is’ is in the present simple).

5. PRESENT CONTINUOUS PASSIVE They are building a house next door. Passive voice? A house is being built next door (by them) We don’t often use ‘to BE’ in the present continuous tense so this may look unfamiliar! To make the passive, use the 3rd form or past participle of the main verb. ‘by them’ doesn’t tell us much (who are they?) so leave it out.

6. PAST SIMPLE PASSIVE Someone stole a million pounds from the bank. Passive voice? A million pounds was stolen from the bank (by someone) ‘to BE’ in the past simple tense is ‘was’ (singular) or ‘were’ (plural) To make the passive, use the 3rd form or past participle of the main verb. ‘by someone’ doesn’t tell us much (who was it?) so leave it out.

7. PRESENT PERFECT PASSIVE They have forgiven you. passive voice? You have been forgiven. ‘to BE’ in the present perfect tense is ‘has been’ (singular) or ‘have been’ (plural) To make the passive, use the 3rd form or past participle of the main verb.

8. PASSIVE with MODALS They must follow the rules. passive voice? The rules must be followed (by them) simply insert “be” after modals To make the passive, use the 3rd form or past participle of the main verb. ‘by them’ doesn’t tell us much (who was it?) so leave it out.

9. E X E R C I S E : Identify the passive sentences. Yummy Restaurant is owned by Mr. Smith. Mr. Smith is known as a gourmet, a person who loves good food. His restaurant is open from 4 o’clock in the afternoon until midnight. It is visited by many people everyday. At dinner time, all the tables are usually occupied. The dishes are cooked by some expert chefs. But people eat there not only because of the good food, but also because of the excellent service and the restaurant’s cozy atmosphere. All customers are greeted by friendly waiters. They do not have to wait for a long time for their order to arrive. The cozy atmosphere makes the customers feel at home.

10. K E Y Yummy Restaurant is owned by Mr. Smith. Mr. Smith is known as a gourmet, a person who loves good food. His restaurant is open from 4 o’clock in the afternoon until midnight. It is visited by many people everyday. At dinner time, all the tables are usually occupied. The dishes are cooked by some expert chefs. But people eat there not only because of the good food, but also because of the excellent service and the restaurant’s cozy atmosphere. All customers are greeted by friendly waiters. They do not have to wait for a long time for their order to arrive. The cozy atmosphere makes the customers feel at home.

11. PRACTICE Change the sentences into passive.

12. Gustave Eiffel built the Eiffel Tower in the 19th century. 1

13. Smoking causes lung cancer. 2

14. Galileo discovered the moons of Jupiter with his new telescope in 1609. 3

15. People make marionettes of wood. 4

16. Everyone must speak English in my class. 5

17. People access the Internet everyday. 6

18. Lee Harvey Oswald killed JF Kennedy on November 22, 1963. 7

19. People make shadow puppets of leather. 8

20. An earthquake destroyed San Francisco in 1906. 9

21. People manufactured cars in America, Japan, and Korea. 10