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Passive Voice
• Use of Passive
Passive voice is used when the focus is on the
action. It is not important or not known,
however, who or what is performing the
action.
Example: My bike was stolen.
In this case, I focus on the fact that a mistake was
made, but I do not blame anyone (e.g. You have
made a mistake.).
• Form of Passive
Subject + finite form of to be + Past Participle (3rd
column of irregular verbs)
Example: A letter was written.
How to change active sentence into passive voice?
• the object of the active sentence becomes the
subject of the passive sentence
• the finite form of the verb is changed (to be + past
participle)
• the subject of the active sentence becomes the
object of the passive sentence (or is dropped)
Passive in tenses
Tense Subject Verb Object
Present Simple Active: Rita writes a letter.
Passive: A letter is written by Rita.
Present continuous Active: Rita is writing a letter.
Passive: A letter is being written by Rita.
Present perfect Active: Rita has written a letter.
Passive: A letter has been written by Rita.
Past simple Active: Rita wrote a letter.
Passive: A letter was written by Rita
Past continuous Active: Rita was writing a letter.
Passive: A letter
was being
written
by Rita
Tense Subject Verb Object
Past Perfect
active: Rita had written a letter.
Passive: A letter
had been
written
by Rita.
Future Simple
Active: Rita will write a letter.
Passive: A letter will be written by Rita.
past Future
Active: Rita would write a letter.
Passive: A letter
would be
written
by Rita.
Passive Sentences with Two Objects
• Rewriting an active sentence with two objects
in passive voice means that one of the two
objects becomes the subject, the other one
remains an object. Which object to transform
into a subject depends on what you want to
put the focus on.
Subject Verb Object 1 Object 2
Active: Rita wrote a letter to me.
Passive: A letter was written to me by Rita.
Passive: I was written a letter by Rita.
As you can see in the examples, adding by Rita does not sound very elegant. That’s
why it is usually dropped.
Thank you!!!!

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Passive voice

  • 1. Passive Voice • Use of Passive Passive voice is used when the focus is on the action. It is not important or not known, however, who or what is performing the action. Example: My bike was stolen. In this case, I focus on the fact that a mistake was made, but I do not blame anyone (e.g. You have made a mistake.).
  • 2. • Form of Passive Subject + finite form of to be + Past Participle (3rd column of irregular verbs) Example: A letter was written. How to change active sentence into passive voice? • the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence • the finite form of the verb is changed (to be + past participle) • the subject of the active sentence becomes the object of the passive sentence (or is dropped)
  • 3. Passive in tenses Tense Subject Verb Object Present Simple Active: Rita writes a letter. Passive: A letter is written by Rita. Present continuous Active: Rita is writing a letter. Passive: A letter is being written by Rita. Present perfect Active: Rita has written a letter. Passive: A letter has been written by Rita. Past simple Active: Rita wrote a letter. Passive: A letter was written by Rita Past continuous Active: Rita was writing a letter. Passive: A letter was being written by Rita
  • 4. Tense Subject Verb Object Past Perfect active: Rita had written a letter. Passive: A letter had been written by Rita. Future Simple Active: Rita will write a letter. Passive: A letter will be written by Rita. past Future Active: Rita would write a letter. Passive: A letter would be written by Rita.
  • 5. Passive Sentences with Two Objects • Rewriting an active sentence with two objects in passive voice means that one of the two objects becomes the subject, the other one remains an object. Which object to transform into a subject depends on what you want to put the focus on. Subject Verb Object 1 Object 2 Active: Rita wrote a letter to me. Passive: A letter was written to me by Rita. Passive: I was written a letter by Rita. As you can see in the examples, adding by Rita does not sound very elegant. That’s why it is usually dropped.