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Passive sentences
The document discusses the use of passive voice in sentences. Passive voice is used when the focus is on the action rather than the subject performing the action. It provides examples of active and passive voice sentences. The passive voice can make a statement more polite by leaving out the subject responsible for the action. The document also outlines how to change active voice sentences to passive voice by making the object of the active sentence the subject of the passive sentence and using forms of "to be" plus the past participle of the main verb.
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Passive sentences
- 1. Use of Passive Passivevoice is used when the focus is on the action. It is not important or not known, however, who or what is performing the action. Example: My bike was stolen. In the example above, the focus is on the fact that my bike was stolen. I do not know, however, who did it. Sometimes a statement in passive is more polite than active voice, as the following example shows: Example: A mistake was made. In this case, I focus on the fact that a mistake was made, but I do not blame anyone (e.g. You have made a mistake.).
- 2. Subject + finiteform of to be + Past Participle (3rd column of irregular verbs) Example: A letter was written. When rewriting active sentences in passive voice, note the following: the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence the finite form of the verb is changed (to be + past participle) the subject of the active sentence becomes the object of the passive sentence (or is dropped)
- 3. Simple Present Tense Active: Passive: Simple Past Active: Passive: Present Perfect Active: FutureI Active: Passive: Passive: Hilfsverben Active: Passive: Subject Rita A letter Verb writes Object a letter. is written by Rita. wrote a letter. A letter was written by Rita. Rita has written a letter. Rita A letter has been written by Rita. Rita A letter Rita A letter will write a letter. will be written by Rita. can write a letter. can be written by Rita.
- 4. Tense Present Active: Progressive Passive: Past Active: Progressive Passive: Past Perfect Active: Passive: FutureII Active: Subject Verb Object Rita is writing a letter. A letter is being written by Rita. Rita was writing a letter. Tense Present Active: Progressive Passive: Past Active: Progressive A letter was being by Rita. written Rita had written a letter. A letter had been written will have written a letter. Past Perfect Active: by Rita. Rita Passive: Passive: Future II Active: Subject Verb Object Rita is writing a letter. A letter is being written by Rita. Rita was writing a letter. A letter was being by Rita. written Rita had written a letter. A letter had been written by Rita. Rita will have written a letter.
- 5. Subje ct Tense Present Progressive Active: Passive: PastProgressive Active: Passive: Past Perfect Active: Passive: Future II Active: Verb Object Rita is writing a letter. A letter is being written by Rita. Rita was writing a letter. Tense Present Active: Progressive Passive : Past Active: Progressive A was being written by Rita. letter Rita had written a letter. Passive : Past Perfect Active: A had been written by Rita. letter Rita will have written a letter. Subject Passive : Future II Active: Verb Object Rita is writing a letter. A letter is being written by Rita. Rita was writing a letter. A letter was being written by Rita. Rita had written a letter. A letter had been written by Rita. Rita will have written a letter.
- 6. Subject Verb Object 1 Object 2 Active: Passive: Rita Aletter wrote was written a letter to me to me. by Rita. Passive: I was written a letter by Rita.