The document discusses trends in participatory development and governance. It notes that globally, there has been a trend toward greater political democratization, economic liberalization, and market-oriented economies since the 1980s. Participatory development is important as it stimulates people's productive energies, encourages broader participation, and leads to more equitable benefits. Effective participatory development relies on investment in human resources, strengthening political and legal systems, use of local organizations and private sector, and open market structures. Key is enhancing people's capability to participate in society and ensuring local communities benefit from development.

1. PARTICIPATORY
DEVELOPMENT
DEDDY S. BRATAKUSUMAH
deddys@bappenas.go.id
pakbrata@yahoo.com
0816968367
2007

2. TRENDS
THE PERIOD SINCE THE 1980S HAS SEEN A
GLOBAL TREND TOWARD
1. POLITICAL DEMOCRATIZATION AND
PLURALISM,
2. ECONOMIC LIBERALIZATION, AND
3. TRANSITIONS TO A MARKET-ORIENTED
ECONOMY

3. ADDRESS
ADDRESSING THE IMPORTANCE OF
PARTICIPATORY DEVELOPMENT:
1. IT STATES THAT STIMULATING PRODUCTIVE
ENERGIES OF PEOPLE,
2. ENCOURAGING BROADER PARTICIPATION OF ALL
PEOPLE IN PRODUCTIVE PROCESSES, AND
3. A MORE EQUITABLE SHARING OF THEIR
BENEFITS,
MUST BECOME MORE CENTRAL ELEMENTS IN
DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES AND DEVELOPMENT
COOPERATION.

4. THE STRATEGIES
THIS STRATEGY IS PREMISED ON FOUR
ESSENTIAL APPROACHES:
1. INVESTMENT IN HUMAN RESOURCES IN THE
BROAD SENSE, INCLUDING EDUCATION AND
TRAINING, MEETING THE NEEDS FOR FOOD AND
HEALTH CARE, AND EFFORTS TO ERADICATE AIDS
AND NARCOTICS PROBLEMS;
2. STRENGTHENING OF POLITICAL SYSTEMS,
GOVERNMENT MECHANISMS, AND LEGAL
SYSTEMS IN WHICH DEMOCRACY AND RESPECT
OF HUMAN RIGHTS ARE SECURED;

5. THE STRATEGIES
3. EFFECTIVE USE NOT ONLY OF CENTRAL
GOVERNMENTS, BUT ALSO OF LOCAL
ORGANIZATIONS AND SELF-GOVERNMENT,
NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS (NGOS),
AND THE PRIVATE SECTOR; AND
4. THE ESTABLISHMENT OF OPEN AND
COMPETITIVE MARKET ECONOMY STRUCTURES
TO MOBILIZE INDIVIDUAL INITIATIVE AND
DYNAMIC PRIVATE ENTERPRISE.

6. IMPLEMENTATION
 IT IS NECESSARY TO INCORPORATE THE
CONCEPTS OF PARTICIPATORY DEVELOPMENT
AND GOOD GOVERNANCE INTO THE
IMPLEMENTATION OF DEVELOPMENT
 HOW SHOULD THEY BE INCORPORATED?
 WHAT SHOULD BE TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT IN THE
ACTUAL PROCESS OF PLANNING AND
IMPLEMENTATION?
 WHAT SPECIFIC TYPES OF EFFORTS WILL
PROMOTE PARTICIPATORY DEVELOPMENT AND
GOOD GOVERNANCE IN DEVELOPING
COUNTRIES?
 WHAT ARE THE RELEVANT CHALLENGES AND
POINTS TO BE BORNE IN MIND WHEN
IMPLEMENTING THE PLAN?

7. THE OBJECTIVE OF DEVELOPMENT
THE OBJECTIVE OF ECONOMIC AND
SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT IN DEVELOPING
COUNTRIES IS TO SET IN MOTION A
PROCESS OF SELF RELIANT AND
SUSTAINABLE GROWTH THROUGH
WHICH SOCIAL JUSTICE CAN BE
ACHIEVED

8. THE FOCUS OF DEVELOPMENT
THE CENTRAL FOCUS OF DEVELOPMENT
IS NOT NECESSARILY TO BOOST
PRODUCTION OF MATERIAL GOODS;
INSTEAD, IT SHOULD BE TO FOSTER AND
ENHANCE PEOPLE'S CAPABILITY TO
HAVE A ROLE IN THEIR SOCIETY'S
DEVELOPMENT.

9. THE PEOPLE SHOULD DO
PEOPLE SHOULD BE WILLINGLY
INVOLVED IN A WIDE RANGE OF
DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES, AS AGENTS
AND BENEFICIARIES OF
DEVELOPMENT. IT IS THIS
PARTICIPATION THAT IS IMPORTANT.
IT IS NEEDED BOTH AS:
1. A GOAL AND
2. A TOOL OF DEVELOPMENT.

10. THE VOCAL POINT
THE FOCAL POINT OF PARTICIPATORY
DEVELOPMENT SHOULD BE THE
QUALITATIVE ENHANCEMENT OF
PARTICIPATION IN LOCAL SOCIETIES
WHICH CAN BE DEFINED AS GROUPS OF
RURAL COMMUNITIES AND AS
ADMINISTRATIVE AND DEVELOPMENTAL
UNITS.

11. SOURCE: JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY (JICA )

12. THE DRIVING FORCE
A TIDE OF POLITICAL DEMOCRATIZATION
AND ECONOMIC LIBERALIZATION BASED
ON COMPETITIVE PRINCIPLES HAS BEEN
SWEEPING THE WORLD AND
STIMULATING, IN ITS WAKE, THE DRIVE
TOWARD A NEW ROLE FOR GOVERNMENT.

13. THE OTHER SHIFT
A SHIFT IS ALSO OCCURRING IN
DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES, AWAY
FROM A SINGLE FOCUS ON ECONOMIC
GROWTH AND TOWARD GREATER
EMPHASIS ON SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT

14. POINTS TO EXAMINE
1. WHETHER LOCAL SOCIETIES, THE
ASSUMED BENEFICIARIES OF
DEVELOPMENT, HAVE ADEQUATELY
REAPED THE REWARDS, AND WHETHER
THE CAPABILITY OF LOCAL PEOPLE AND
COMMUNITIES TO PARTICIPATE HAS
BEEN FOSTERED IN SUCH A WAY AS TO
COMPENSATE FOR THE DEFICIENCIES
OF THE GOVERNMENT-LED APPROACH,

15. POINTS TO EXAMINE
2. WHETHER ARRANGEMENTS WITHIN THE
FRAMEWORK OF TOP-DOWN DECISION
MAKING AND THE GOVERNMENT
FUNCTIONS THAT SUPPORT IT COULD
HAVE WORKED TO NARROW GAPS AND
PROMOTE PARTICIPATION BY LOCAL
SOCIETIES, AND
3. WHETHER DEVELOPMENT AID HAS
STIMULATED DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
THEMSELVES TO REMEDY THE
DISTORTIONS AT THEIR ROOTS.

16. PROMOTION THROUGH
1. DEMOCRATIZATION,
2. SECURING HUMAN RIGHTS,
3. REDUCING EXCESSIVE MILITARY
EXPENDITURES

17. SOURCE: JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY (JICA )

18. SUPPORTING GOOD GOVERNANCE
1. ESTABLISHING LAWS AND
INSTITUTIONS,
2. STRENGTHENING ADMINISTRATIVE
COMPETENCE,
3. CLARIFYING AND ENSURING THE
TRANSPARENCY OF
ADMINISTRATIVE RESPONSIBILITY,
4. PROMOTING DECENTRALIZATION,
5. BUILDING A MARKET ENVIRONMENT.

19. THANK YOU