A 24-year-old male presented with fever, headache, daytime sleeping and mental dullness after returning from Africa. Examination revealed cervical lymphadenopathy. The likely diagnosis is African trypanosomiasis caused by the parasite Trypanosoma brucei transmitted via the tsetse fly.
This is the presentation on Trypanosomiasis that covers classification and diseases caused by Trypanosoma, its life cycle, Geographical distribution, Transmission, diagnosis and treatment and finally its scenario in India.
Some flow charts have been taken from published articles, that can be searched directly from net.
This is the presentation on Trypanosomiasis that covers classification and diseases caused by Trypanosoma, its life cycle, Geographical distribution, Transmission, diagnosis and treatment and finally its scenario in India.
Some flow charts have been taken from published articles, that can be searched directly from net.
Clinically important cestodes pathogenic to man are:
Tenia solium (pork tapeworm), T. saginata (beef tapeworm), Diphyllobothrium lattum (fish or broad tapeworm), Hymenolepis nana (dwarf tapeworm) and Echinococcus granulosus and E. multilocularis (hydatid).
Basic discussion on Coccidian parasites with a focus on Cryptosporidiosis -morphology, life cycle, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and laboratory diagnosis and management.
Clinically important cestodes pathogenic to man are:
Tenia solium (pork tapeworm), T. saginata (beef tapeworm), Diphyllobothrium lattum (fish or broad tapeworm), Hymenolepis nana (dwarf tapeworm) and Echinococcus granulosus and E. multilocularis (hydatid).
Basic discussion on Coccidian parasites with a focus on Cryptosporidiosis -morphology, life cycle, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and laboratory diagnosis and management.
Rickettsia is a group of microorganisms that occupy a position between bacteria and viruses.
Rickettsia adhere and invades the endothelial lining of the vasculature within various organs, multiply and accumulate in large numbers and they escape from the cells, damaging its membrane and causing the influx of fluid.
Symptoms includes high grade fever, headache, muscle pain, rash and hypotension and complications include hepatitis, hypovolemia.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
Thanks...!
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Sérgio Sacani
The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly Alfvénic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5 au
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
2. The case is a
problem. How to
solve it?
• Find the Key-words.
• Try to understand them.
• Join the data from each word
together.
• Ask yourself what makes all those
things.
• Take your time and answer.
3. What is the
most likely
diagnosis??
A 24-year-old male presented to hospital with
fever, headache, daytime sleeping and
mental dullness. He has recently returned
from a medical mission, which placed him in
many African villages. clinical examination
revealed cervical lymphadenopathy.
5. •
What is the causative parasite(s)?
•
What is the infective stage and mode of
transmission?
•
How to confirm your diagnosis?
•
How to treat this patient?
•
What are the methods of control?
Which parasite
causes this?
7. •
Eflornithine: it is a new drug effective in treatment
of late stage caused by T.gambiense only
Treatment
Early
Haemolymphatic
stage
Late
Cerebral stage
Suramin
1g (10% solusion)
I.V. every week
for 5 doses
Pentamidine
4mg/kg
I.M. for 10 days
Melarsoprol
3.6mg/kg/day
for 3 d
I.V. every week
for 2-4 doses
Tryparsamide
2-4g
I.V. weekly for
10doses
8. •
A 42-year-old patient with AIDS presented
with chronic, watery diarrhea with low grade
fever and dehydration. Diarrhea started short
period after returning from a camping trip
where he used to drink water from a stream
without filtering or boiling.
10. •
A 42-year-old patient with AIDS presented
with chronic, watery diarrhea. Diarrhea was
associated with cough, expectoration, chest
pain. On examination there were red streaks
on his thigh. Complete blood count revealed
eosinophilia.
12. •
A 45 male patient presented to hospital
with foot gas gangrene after arrival from
a trip to Brazil. He gave a history of
nodular swellings on his sole and
interdigital spaces. These nodules
became ulcerated with secondary
bacterial infections.
15. •
A 52 old male farmer was admitted to
hospital due to suffering from fever
associated with rapid ascending flaccid
paralysis and respiaratory failure. On
physical examination, the doctor noticed
multiple oedamatous haemorrhagic areas in
his neck.
17. What is your
diagnosis?
A 10 years old girl and here 4 years old
brother came to the dermatology clinic
suffering from severe itching that tends to be
worse at night affecting different areas of the
body. Examination revealed superficial black
tortuous tunnels and small red papules or
plisters in the inerdigital areas.
20. •
A 26 years old man visited chest clinic
complaining from chest pain, cough and
fever. He gave a history of an attack of acute
dysentery two weeks ago and it was
associated with mucus and blood but he
didn’t ask for any medical advice. On CT
there was a well defined mass in the lower
lobe of the right lung.
What is your
diagnosis?
23. •
Extraintestinal amobiasis: Metronidazol or Tinidazole
+ Paromomycin or Diloxanide furate
Treatment
Asymptomatic carrier Intestinal amoebiasis
Paromomycin
30mg/kg/d orally
for 5-10 days
Diloxanide furoat
500mg t.d.s
for 10 days
Metronidazol
)flagyl(
750)3tab( t.d.s.
orally
for 5-10 days
Tinidazole
)fasigyn(
2g )4 tab( once/d
For 1-3 d
+
Paromomycin
Or
Diloxanide furoat
24. A 5 years old boy visited chest clinic
complaining from chest pain, cough and
fever for 1 month . He gave a history of
having a dog at home. On CT there was a
well defined mass in the lower lobe of the
right lung.
26. A nine years old boy was in a summer
vacation few days ago and he used to play in
the swimming pool. This boy developed a
rapidly progressive disease started with
fever, obstructed nose, photophobia, stiff
neck, convulsions and he is in coma now in
the ICU.
What is your
diagnosis?
27.
28.
29. TREATMENT
Amphotericin B 1 mg/kg/d I.V. for 10 days
OR Intrathecally in severe cases
+ Miconazole 117 mg/m2 t.d.s I.V. for 9 days
+ Rifampicin 3.3 mg/kg t.d.s Orally for 9 days
30. What is your
diagnosis?
•
A five years old child is suffering from
abdominal colic, epigastric pain, anorexia,
flatulence, vomiting, foul smelling loose
greasy stool with mucus but no blood. On
examination the doctor noticed signs of
hypovitaminosis.
32. TREATMENT
•
Metronidazole (flagyl) 250 mg t.d.s for 10 days
•
Tinidazole (Fasigyn) 2 g (4 tab) once
•
Nitazoxanide 500 mg twice for 3 days
(It is also used for treatment of
cryptosporidiosis, Hymenolepiasis)
33. •
A 28 years old Indian man works at
international company in Egypt asked for
medical advice as he is suffering from
persistent fever associated with cachexia.
The fever is intermitted with double daily
peaks. On physical examination there was
generalized lymphadenopathy and with
hepatosplenomegaly.
37. Treatment
SSupportive treatment SSpecific treatment
Parentral
Oral
Miltefosine
SSodium sstibogluconate
600600 mg/d
I.V or I.M
For 66--3030 days
Pentamidine
Amphotericin B
Paromomycin
38. A 25 football player in the Egyptian national
team, after his arrival from Kenya started to
suffer from paroxysmal attacks of high
fever (40ºC) that lasts for 1-4 h. The fever is
proceeded by cold sensation and shivering
for about one hour and followed by profuse
sweating for 1-4 h. Those attacks repeat
irregularly associated with headache,
weakness, anaemia and hepatomegaly.
41. A 58 years old farmer was admitted to hospital
with fever, haemolytic anaemia, jaundice,
hepatomegaly and haemoglobinuria. On
examination he gave a history of
splenectomy 1o years ago. The doctor was
thinking of malaria but the clinical
pathologist reported another parasite.
43. A mother of three months old girl noticed that
her baby has a large head which increases in
size more than the normal progress. Also,
there was delayed mental development and
loss of vision. The mother asked for medical
advice and on CT examination there were
hydrocephalus and cerebral calcification. Eye
examination revealed chorioretinitis.
47. •
A 55 years old man was admitted to ICU by
heart block and manifestations of heart
failure. On radiological examination there
was huge cardiomegaly. He also complained
sever constipation despite of the balanced
diet. Barium enema revealed megacolon. He
gave history of working in Mexico for 15
years.
50. Treatment
Acute (Chagas’ disease) Chronic
Heart
complications
Digestive
complications
8 aminoquinoline
(primaquine)
15 mg/kg for 15 days
Benznidazole
5 mg/kg/d
For 2 months
Nifurtimox
15 mg/kg/d
For 3-4 months
51. •
A 25 years old female asked for medical
advice as she was complaining from sever
pain in her left eye associated with
photophobia, lacrimation and red eye. She
tried many medications, however the
condition was progressive and complicated
with loss of vision in the affected eye. She is
used to wear contact lenses.
