Chromatography is a technique used to separate different components of a mixture. It involves two phases - a stationary phase that remains fixed and a mobile phase that moves through the stationary phase. Components separate as they move through the phases at different rates depending on their affinity for each phase. Paper chromatography uses a strip of paper as the stationary phase and a solvent as the mobile phase. Components separate as the solvent rises up the paper at different speeds. Their positions after drying can be observed to identify the different components or substances in the original mixture.

1. APPLIED
CHEMISTRY
CHROMATOGRAPHY
Presented by
Shumaila Munawar
M.Phil Chemistry

2. Introduction
Chromatography
Technique used to separate different components of a mixture
Chromo means color
Graphy means to write or
representation of something on
paper

4. Phases in Chromatography
There are 2 phases in chromatography
Mobile phase
Stationary phase
Moving phase that moves along the column
That remain fixed and mobile phase moves through it and
components get separated
e,g glass metal or plastic sheet

5. Strip of paper is stationary phase
Mobile phase

6. Principle
 Physical method of separation that distributes
components between 2 phases.
 Components move with different affinities
 Component with lesser affinity towards SP move
faster the one with greater affinity move slower.

7. Classification ofChromatography
On basis of chromatographic bed shape
On basis of solute interaction to the
stationary phase
paperThin layerion Exchangesize Exclusion
partition
2 Dimensional 3 Dimensional
Column
Adsorption

8. PC Chromatography
There are 2 types of PC chromatography
Paper adsorption Chromatography
paper impregnated with silica act as a stationary phase and
solvent act as mobile phase.
Paper Partition Chromatography
Water present in pores of cellulose fibers present in filter paper
act as a stationary phase and solvent act as mobile phase.
Christian Friedreck
Schonbein in 1865

9. Material required
Mobile phase solvent
Sheet of paper used as SP
Chromatographic tank
Lead pencil
Visualizing agents

10. Methodology
 Cut a strip of filter paper
 A horizontal line is drawn
near one end about 1.5cm
from the bottom edge of
paper
 The sample need to be
separated placed as a
small drop with help of
capillary tube
Filter paper spot of sample eg ink.

11.  Place the paper in chromatographic tank which contain suitable
solvent as MP.
 Solvent level must be lower than the drop.
 Cover the Chromatographic tank

12.  The solvent rises up the paper taking each component of
sample with it.
 When the solvent rises near the end of the paper then
the paper should be taken out from sealed container and
air dried.The paper with separated bands of components
are then observed under UV-light

13. Chromatogram
The pattern of separated
substances obtained by
chromatography
Spraying agents
If the components are not
colored themselves sprayed
with visualizing agenst which
reacts with component and
convert them into visible
products.

14. Rf value
Filter paper