1) The document discusses RDFa, which bridges the gap between the Web of Documents and the Web of Data (Web 3.0) by embedding RDF triples inside XHTML pages. 2) An example shows how to annotate HTML with RDFa by adding attributes to designate namespaces, types of entities (people), and properties (name, nickname, affiliation). 3) Nesting is used to include one entity (address) within another (person), with the relationship indicated by the "rel" attribute. A graph is drawn to represent the RDF data.

1. ‫أكاديمية الحكومة اإللكترونية الفلسطينية‬
The Palestinian eGovernment Academy
www.egovacademy.ps
Tutorial II: Data Integration and Open Information Systems
Session 15.2
RDFa
Dr. Mustafa Jarrar
University of Birzeit
mjarrar@birzeit.edu
www.jarrar.info
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2. About
This tutorial is part of the PalGov project, funded by the TEMPUS IV program of the
Commission of the European Communities, grant agreement 511159-TEMPUS-1-
2010-1-PS-TEMPUS-JPHES. The project website: www.egovacademy.ps
Project Consortium:
Birzeit University, Palestine
University of Trento, Italy
(Coordinator )
Palestine Polytechnic University, Palestine Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium
Palestine Technical University, Palestine
Université de Savoie, France
Ministry of Telecom and IT, Palestine
University of Namur, Belgium
Ministry of Interior, Palestine
TrueTrust, UK
Ministry of Local Government, Palestine
Coordinator:
Dr. Mustafa Jarrar
Birzeit University, P.O.Box 14- Birzeit, Palestine
Telfax:+972 2 2982935 mjarrar@birzeit.eduPalGov © 2011
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3. © Copyright Notes
Everyone is encouraged to use this material, or part of it, but should
properly cite the project (logo and website), and the author of that part.
No part of this tutorial may be reproduced or modified in any form or by
any means, without prior written permission from the project, who have
the full copyrights on the material.
Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike
CC-BY-NC-SA
This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon your work non-
commercially, as long as they credit you and license their new creations
under the identical terms.
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4. Tutorial Map
Topic h
Intended Learning Objectives
Session 1: XML Basics and Namespaces 3
A: Knowledge and Understanding
Session 2: XML DTD’s 3
2a1: Describe tree and graph data models.
Session 3: XML Schemas 3
2a2: Understand the notation of XML, RDF, RDFS, and OWL.
2a3: Demonstrate knowledge about querying techniques for data Session 4: Lab-XML Schemas 3
models as SPARQL and XPath. Session 5: RDF and RDFs 3
2a4: Explain the concepts of identity management and Linked data. Session 6: Lab-RDF and RDFs 3
2a5: Demonstrate knowledge about Integration &fusion of Session 7: OWL (Ontology Web Language) 3
heterogeneous data. Session 8: Lab-OWL 3
B: Intellectual Skills Session 9: Lab-RDF Stores -Challenges and Solutions 3
2b1: Represent data using tree and graph data models (XML & Session 10: Lab-SPARQL 3
RDF). Session 11: Lab-Oracle Semantic Technology 3
2b2: Describe data semantics using RDFS and OWL. Session 12_1: The problem of Data Integration 1.5
2b3: Manage and query data represented in RDF, XML, OWL. Session 12_2: Architectural Solutions for the Integration Issues 1.5
2b4: Integrate and fuse heterogeneous data. Session 13_1: Data Schema Integration 1
C: Professional and Practical Skills Session 13_2: GAV and LAV Integration 1
2c1: Using Oracle Semantic Technology and/or Virtuoso to store Session 13_3: Data Integration and Fusion using RDF 1
and query RDF stores. Session 14: Lab-Data Integration and Fusion using RDF 3
D: General and Transferable Skills
2d1: Working with team. Session 15_1: Data Web and Linked Data 1.5
2d2: Presenting and defending ideas. Session 15_2: RDFa 1.5
2d3: Use of creativity and innovation in problem solving.
2d4: Develop communication skills and logical reasoning abilities. Session 16: Lab-RDFa 3
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5. Module ILOs
After completing this module students will be
able to:
- Demonstrate knowledge of RDFa.
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6. RDFa
• Bridges the gap between the Web of Documents
and the Web of Data (Web 3.0).
• Makes XHTML web pages structured data (by
embedding RDF triples inside XHTML).
• i.e., using RDFa we build small RDF graphs and
embed them inside XHTML pages.
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7. RDFa
• As stated by Google Webmasters guide, RDFa can be roughly viewed
as a way to label content to describe a specific type of information,
such as a restaurant review, an event, a person, or a product listing.
• These information types are called entities or items. Each entity has
a number of properties. For example, a Person has the properties
name, address, job title, company, and email address.
• In general, RDFa uses simple attributes in XHTML tags (often <span>
or <div>) to assign brief and descriptive names to entities and
properties.
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8. Example 1
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9. Example 1
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10. Example 2
Consider this HTML block:
<div>
My name is George Mousa. My friends call me Geno. I live in Nablus, Palestine. I
work as an engineer at Birzeit University.
</div>
Annotate the HTML block above with RDFa:
<div xmlns:v="http://rdf.data-vocabulary.org/#" typeof="v:Person">
My name is <span property="v:name"> George Mousa </span>.
My friends call me <span property="v:nickname"> Geno </span>.
I live in Nablus, Palestine.
I work as an engineer at <span property="v:affiliation"> Birzeit University
</span>.
</div>
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11. Example 2
<div xmlns:v="http://rdf.data-vocabulary.org/#" typeof="v:Person">
My name is <span property="v:name"> George Mousa </span>.
My friends call me <span property="v:nickname"> Geno </span>.
I live in Nablus, Palestine.
I work as an engineer at <span property="v:affiliation"> Birzeit University </span>. </div>
• The example begins with a namespace declaration using xmlns. This
indicates the namespace where the vocabulary is specified.
• Also on the first line, typeof="v:Person" indicates that the marked-up
content represents a Person.
• Each property of the person (such as the name and nickname) is
labeled using property.
• To indicate a URL, use rel instead of property. Consider adding the
following to our example inside the Person DIV
My home page is: <a href="http://www.example.com"
rel="v:url">www.example.com</a>.
• "rel" is used to convey the relationship between two entities—in this case, a
Person entity and a webpage entity.
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12. Example 2
• In our example, we have addressing information about George Mousa.
<div> ... I live in Nablus, Palestine. I work as an engineer ... </div>
• We use nesting. Nesting is when one information type includes the other.
• In this case, we want to include George’s Address information
(typeof="v:Address") in the typeof="v:Person“ entity.
• Here, we use rel to indicate a relationship between George (the entity v:Person)
and his address (the entity v:Address).
<div xmlns:v="http://rdf.data-vocabulary.org/#" typeof="v:Person">
My name is <span property="v:name"> George Mousa </span>.
My friends call me <span property="v:nickname"> Geno </span>.
I live in
<span rel="v:Address">
<span typeof="v:Address">
<span property="v:city">Nablus</span>,
<span property="v:country">Palestine</span>
</span>
</span>.
I work as an engineer at <span property="v:affiliation"> Birzeit University </span>.
</div>
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13. Let’s draw a graph of our example!
v:Person
“George Mousa”
v:nickname
“Geno”
v:Address
v:city
“Nablus”
“Palestine”
“George Mousa”
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14. References
• Google Webmasters Help: www.google.com/support/webmasters/
• W3C: www.w3c.org
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