Ideology is defined in several ways: as the study of ideas and their evolution according to Destull; as the ideas of the ruling class that perpetuate capitalism according to Karl Marx; and as biased views of the dominant class according to Karl Mannheim. An ideology offers an interpretation of the past, an explanation of the present, and a vision of the future. An ideology emerges when people feel mistreated under the existing order or when their status is threatened by societal changes. Pakistan's ideology is based on Islamic ideals and was a reaction against Hindu and British exploitation, containing a strategy to save Muslim culture from elimination through the two-nation concept.

1. Pakistan Studies
Lecture 1

2. What is Ideology
• The science of idea meaning thereby as a study of the
origin, evolution and nature of ideas-Autoine Destull
• Ideas of the ruling Junta who seeks to perpetuate the
prevailing order of capitalism and their own privileged
position- Karl Mark
• Conversation, Self seeking and biased views of the
dominant class in society- Karl Manneheim

3. • Ideology is different form of those comprehensive patterns
of moral beliefs about man, society and the universe in
relation to man and the society
• It is often understood as a way of thinking about the
cultural and social program of a political movement
launched to emancipate a suppressed group from the
exploitation of a more dominant social class.

4. • “A political ideology is a system of beliefs that explain and
justifies a preferred political order, either existing or
proposed and offers a strategy (institutions, processes,
programs) for its attainment.”
• “An ideology offers an interpretation of the past, and an
explanation of the present and a vision of the future.”

5. How Ideology emerges?
• An ideology emerges when people feel strongly that they
are being mistreated under an existing order, when their
status is threatened by fundamental changes occurring in
the society, when the prevailing ideology no longer satisfies
them.

6. Pakistan Ideology
• Pakistan Ideology is based on the ideals of the Islamic
system. It was a reaction to the Hindu and Bristish
exploitation of the Muslims of the sub continent. It
contained a strategy to save the Muslim culture from the
total elimination.
• Two nation concept.