This document discusses Pakistan-Afghanistan relations from 1947 to 1992 over 4 phases: Phase 1 (1947-1963) saw tensions over the Durand Line and Afghanistan's opposition to Pakistan joining the UN. Phase 2 (1963-1973) saw improved relations as Afghanistan supported Pakistan in its wars against India. Phase 3 (1973-1978) was marked by regime changes in Afghanistan and the rise of communist influence. Phase 4 (1979-1992) was defined by the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, US assistance to Pakistan and mujahideen, and eventual Geneva peace accord.

1. MEMBERS
ASAD MAHMOOD
TASSADUQ ALI
AWAIS BASHARAT
ZAIN-UL-ABIDEEN

2. PAKISTAN AND AFGHANISTAN RELATIONS:-
• Afghanistan–Pakistan relations involve
bilateral relations between Afghanistan and
Pakistan. The two neighbouring countries
share deep historical and cultural links; each
has declared itself an Islamic republic and
both have become members of the South
Asian Association for Regional Cooperation.

3. KEY PLAYER IN ASIA:-
• Afghanistan has been a key player in Asian geopolitics owing to its
geostrategic and geopolitical location. Being situated at the
crossroads of the Middle East, Central Asia and the Indian
subcontinent, it has been a transit and transport hub since the
ancient Silk route. In the context of global affairs, its central location
and borders with six other nations including Iran, Pakistan, China,
Turkmenistan have made it a hot-bed for conflict and cooperation.
In this regard, the withdrawal of Soviet forces from the Afghan Civil
war has considerably changed Afghanistan’s role and position in the
whole of Asia. Moreover, the emergence of various Mujahidin
parties sponsored by neighbouring countries and interference from
outside powers has turned Afghanistan into total havoc.

4. PHASE (1) : 1947-1963
I. Durand Line
II. Opposition in UNO
III. Zahir Shah Speech
IV. Assassination of Liaqut Ali Khan

5. I. DURAND LINE
● The Pakistan-Afghan boundary was drawn in
1893 by Sir Mortimer Durand.
● The boundary was accepted by the king of
Afghanistan in a treaty the 1893.
● When Pakistan got independence Afghanistan
claimed on the boundary of Pakistan.
● They demanded some territory of KPK and
Baluchistan.

6. II. OPPOSITION IN UNO
* In initial era Pak-Afghan relations were in critical
phase , Afghanistan was first Muslim State in the World
which was against the membership of Pakistan in UNO.
* Afghanistan put forward the anti Pakistan resolution
in UNO.
* Pakistan joined the United Nations on September 30
1947.
* Afghanistan didn’t consider Pakistan an independent
state.

7. III. ZAHIR SHAH’S SPEECH
• * In 1950, the tension reached to its climax
when Afghan king Zahir Shah made an anti-
Pakistan speech at a celebration in Kabul.
• * The Afghanistan’s flag was hoisted and anti
Pakistan leaflets were dropped by the Afghan
Air force.

8. IV. ASSASSINATION OF LIAQUT ALI KHAN
• The assassination of Pakistani Prime minister
Liaqat Ali Khan by an Afghan national in 1951
further deteriorated the already fragile
relations.

9. PHASE (2) 1963-1973
• I. 1965 War
• II. 1971 War

10. I. 1965 WAR
• The relations were improved to such an extent
that during the 1965 India Pakistan war,
Afghanistan sided with Pakistan which enabled
Pakistan to fully concentrate on its war with
India and worry less about the security of its
western border.

11. II. 1971 WAR
● King Zahir Shah, in his state visit of 1968, was given a
very warm welcome by Pakistan.
● Pakistan’s decision to disband one unit led to further
warmth in Pak-Afghan relations including increase in
economic cooperation and mutual understanding .
● Afghanistan maintained strict neutrality during the
1971 war between India and Pakistan and refrained
from taking advantage of Pakistan’s preoccupation in
war.

12. PHASE (3) 1973-1978
• I. Deposition of Zahir Shah
• II. Pakistan Support to anti Doud forces
• III. Saur Revolution
• IV. Communist Reforms in Afghanistan and its
Effects on Pakistan
• V. Elimination of Taraki

13. I. DEPOSITION OF ZAHIR SHAH
• In July 1973, Sardar Daud, an ardent champion
of Pakhtoonistan issue, deposed King Zahir
Shah while he was on visit to Europe with the
help of leftist forces and in connivance with
the Soviets.

14. II. PAKISTAN SUPPORT TO ANTI DOUD
FORCES
● Considering Daud a serious threat to Pakistan
integration, Pakistan government decided to
support anti Daud forces in destabilizing and
bringing down Daud regime.
● Pakistan welcomed Afghan Islamists with anti
communist and anti-Doud feelings.

15. III. SAUR REVOLUTION
● Elimination of Daud by communist forces in
April 1978. Kabul was taken over by the People's
Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA).
● The country was renamed the Democratic
Republic of Afghanistan (DRA).

16. IV. COMMUNIST REFORMS IN AFGHANISTAN
● Pakistan had no other option but either to
surrender or to go for all out support to the
forces resisting against the communist regime.
● Besides, supporting and organizing resistance
forces against the Communist regime of Kabul,
Pakistan had to host over 150,000 Afghan
refugees into Pakistan immediately after the
Saur Revolution of April 1978.

17. V. ELIMINATION OF TARAKI
• On September 16th 1979, Hafizullah Amin
staged another coup against own government,
killing Taraki, and took over as President of
Afghanistan.

18. PHASE (4) 1979-1992
• I. Soviet invasion
• II. American assistance to Pakistan
• III. Pakistani assistance to Mujahadin
• IV. Geneva Pact

19. I. SOVIET INVASION
● The December, 27th 1979 Soviet invasion of
Afghanistan, which killed Hafizullah Amin and
installed Babrak Karmal as the country’s
president.
● Which created a frightening situation for
Pakistan as it brought the Red Army dangerously
close to the Khyber Pass, the traditional gateway
of invasions of South Asia from the north.

20. II. AMERICAN ASSISTANCE TO PAKISTAN
● President Carter, on May 4, 1980, declared:
“We will provide military equipment, food and
other assistance to help Pakistan defend its
independence and national security against the
seriously increased threat from the north.”
● The American’s supply of arms, ammunition
and equipment to the Mujahideen, was
funneled through Pakistan’s ISI.

21. III. PAKISTANI ASSISTANCE TO MUJAHIDIN
● The leading recipient of American aid was
Hezb-i-Islami that proved to be the trust worthy
and deserving resistance force.
● It was Pakistan’s skill-full use of intelligence
and resources against Soviet forces that made
Afghanistan a ‘bleeding wound’ for Moscow.

22. IV.GENEVA PACT
• Finally, the Peace Accord between Pakistan
and Afghanistan was signed in Geneva on April
14, 1988, with the two superpowers as its
coguarantors.