involves pull off adhesion test "measure the mechanical tensile strength of a coating"

1. Faculty of Engineering
Department of Materials Engineering
Manufacturing Techniques
0703314
Paints
Prepared by: Aya H Hawareth
Samah Atallah
Dr :Mahmoud Shakarneh
‫الرحيم‬ ‫الرحمن‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫بسم‬
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2. Contents:
• history of paints.
• Definition of paints.
• Type of paints.
• basic components of paint.
• Application.
• Pull-Off Adhesion Testing
• ideal paint.
• Failure of paints
• Dangers.
• Conclusions.
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3.  History
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• The earliest appearance about 40,000 years ago, Cave paintings drawn with red or
yellow ochre, hematite, manganese oxide, and charcoal made by Homo Tribes in
south africa .
• Since about 2000 The Egyptians, Discover natural resins produced by most
plants, used it as related materials , They are also now use as raw materials for
the synthesis of other organic compounds .
• The paint and coatings industry, however, had to wait for the Industrial
Revolution before it became a recognized element of the American national
economy. The first recorded paint mill in America was reportedly established in
Boston in 1700 by Thomas Child. A century and a half later, in 1867 Averill of
Ohio patented the first prepared or "ready mixed" paints in the United States.

4.  Paints
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Paint is used to decorate, protect and prolong the life of
natural and synthetic materials, and acts as a barrier
against environmental conditions.
paint is essentially a mixture of a binder, which sticks
the paint to the surface, pigments, to give the paint
colour.
Most paints used either oil or water as a base (the binder,
pigment and solven) , become a thin layer after it dry.

5.  Paints :
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Paints contain:
1.Pigments.
2.binder (resin)
3.Solvent
4.extender
5.Additives
Paints are formulated according to their proposed use - primer,
undercoat, special finishes (matt, gloss, heat resistance, anti-corrosion,
abrasion resistance)

6.  Paints
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Binders
The binder exists to hold the pigment to the surface. The binder is a polymeric substance,
and is either dissolved in the paint
The binder (resin) and solvent together are sometimes known as the vehicle.
Pigments
prime pigments to impart colour and opacity.
Solvent
(sometimes called a thinner) - either an organic solvent or water is used to reduce the
viscosity of the paint for better application. Water-borne paints are replacing some paints
that use volatile organic compounds such as the hydrocarbons which are harmful to the
atmosphere.

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 PaintsAdditives
used to modify the properties of the liquid paint or dry film.
• Materials to prevent craking.
• Dried materials.
• (softening materials)..
• Flashing materials.
• Materials for increased flexibility.
• Installed materials for paints..
• resistance to water.
• Heat-resistant materials.
• Bactericidal resistant materials.
• Resistant rust materials.

8. Types of points
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 OIL PAINTS
 WATER PAINTS
 PLASTIC PAINTS
 CEMENTS PAINTS
 EMULSION PAINTS
 COAL TAR PAINTS
 CELLULOSE PAINTS
 ALUMINIUM PAINTS
 ENAMELS PAINTS
 BITUMINOUS PAINTS

9.  Basic Components
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The drying process is a complex one of polymerization, Assisted by :
1. Thermoplastic mechanisms
2. Combination mechanisms
3. variable oxidation state
 The three most important binders (resins) used in
modern paints are:
•acrylic polymers (resins)
•alkyd polymers (resins)
•epoxy polymers (resins)

10. Application
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1. Decorative paints.
2. protect buildings and other objects.
3. Industrial coatings which are applied
in factories to finish manufactured
goods such as car

11. Test on paints :
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Pull-Off Adhesion Testing
• The purpose of this test is to measure the
mechanical tensile strength of a coating.
• ASTM D4541 and ISO 4624 "ISO 4624 paints and
varnish pull off test for adhesion" both define the
method and procedures for carrying out pull-off
adhesion testing of paints, varnishes and other
coatings.

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Test on paints :
Pull-Off Adhesion Testing
 ASTM D4541 /ISO 4624 key issues:
1. Loading fixtures
2. Rate of Pull Force Increase
3. Perpendicular pull direction
4. Self-leveling pull testing devices
5. Gauge accuracy
6. Adhesive

13.  Properties of an ideal paint
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1. quick drying.
2. corrosion resistance.
3. water resistance.
4. fire resistance.
5. Flexibility.
6. easily cleaned
7. ease of application
8. high opacity

14. Failure Of Paints
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1. Dilution.
2. Contamination
3. Peeling/Blistering
4. Cracking
5. Erosion

15.  Disadvantage:
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• Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in paint are considered
harmful to the environment and especially for people who
work with them on a regular basis.

16. GREEN PAINT
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Environmental regulations, consumer demand,
and advances in technology led to the development
of low-VOC and zero-VOC paints.
These new paints are widely available and meet or
exceed the old high-VOC products in performance
and cost-effectiveness while having significantly
less impact on human and environmental.

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