Guggul is a resin extracted from the Commiphora wightii tree through incisions made on the stem. It has a bitter taste and balsamic odor. The resin contains ketonic steroids, gum, volatile oils, and diterpenoids. Guggul has many health benefits and is used in Ayurvedic medicine to treat high cholesterol, obesity, arthritis, and other conditions. The tree is cultivated for its medicinal properties, with commercial cultivation increasing in response to demand for herbal medicines. Proper soil, climate, propagation methods, tapping, and protection from termites are required to successfully cultivate the guggul tree.
Anukta dravya- Unexplored or Undocumented Medicinal PlantsAditi Gandhi
Determination of Anukta Dravya or Undocumented medicinal plants in ayurveda and criteria of nomenclature and how to expand the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India.
The document discusses various Ayurvedic dosage forms including solid, semisolid, and liquid forms. It describes the classification and preparation methods of common dosage forms such as churna, gutika, asava, arishta, avaleha, and lehya. The document also covers parameters for standardizing different Ayurvedic formulations to ensure quality, purity, and therapeutic efficacy.
According to Ayurveda
Churna is defined as “ a fine powder of one or more drugs”. Chruna formulation is Similar to powder
formulation in allopathic System of medicine.
Now-a-days churna is formulated into tablets in order to fix the dose easily and for convenience.
These forms of medicaments are prescribed generally because of their particle size.
Smaller the particle size of churna, better is the effect on the body.
Churna should be given with other vehicle like honey, milk or churna.
This make administration of churna easy and increased palatability also enhances therapeutic effect, such vehicles are called as Anupan in Ayurveda.
These forms of medicaments are prescribed generally because of their particle size.
Smaller the particle size of churna, better is the effect on the body.
Churna should be given with other vehicle like honey, milk or churna.
This make administration of churna easy and increased palatability also enhances therapeutic effect, such vehicles are called as Anupan in Ayurveda.
This document provides an overview of the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India (API) and Ayurvedic Formulary of India (AFI). It discusses that the API is published by the Ministry of Ayush and contains 645 monographs in Part 1 and 202 in Part 2 describing single drugs and their formulations. The AFI contains compound Ayurvedic formulations and has published 444 formulations in Part 1 and 350 in Part 3. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia Committee was established in 1962 to develop standards and monographs for drugs and formulations in the API and AFI.
METHODOLOGY OF STUDYING CONTROVERSIAL DRUGS-1.pptxhelipatel85
This document discusses controversial medicinal plants in Ayurveda literature. It estimates that around 30% of plants mentioned have uncertain botanical identities, and another 35% are already lost. Reasons for controversy include multiple names for single plants, lack of descriptions to identify plants, substitutes used, and mistakes in copying manuscripts. The document outlines steps to analyze controversial plants, including reviewing texts and traditions, collecting regional data, and laboratory analysis. It provides examples of resolving controversies for Rasna and Haritaki by comparing sources and testing candidate plants. Establishing correct botanical identities is important for standardizing Ayurvedic medicines.
This document discusses controversy, adulteration, and substitution as burning problems in Ayurvedic practice. It begins by introducing that medicinal plants constitute an important source for Ayurveda and other traditional medicines. However, a large percentage of plants used in Ayurveda are subject to controversy regarding their authentic botanical sources. Adulteration intentionally or unintentionally substitutes inferior substitutes, while substitution aims to replace equivalent drugs. The purpose is to define and determine the causes and effects of these issues. Several causes of controversy, types of adulteration and substitution, and their impacts on standardization and effects are discussed. It concludes that resolving issues regarding authentic sources and substitution/adulteration is needed
Guggul is a resin extracted from the Commiphora wightii tree through incisions made on the stem. It has a bitter taste and balsamic odor. The resin contains ketonic steroids, gum, volatile oils, and diterpenoids. Guggul has many health benefits and is used in Ayurvedic medicine to treat high cholesterol, obesity, arthritis, and other conditions. The tree is cultivated for its medicinal properties, with commercial cultivation increasing in response to demand for herbal medicines. Proper soil, climate, propagation methods, tapping, and protection from termites are required to successfully cultivate the guggul tree.
Anukta dravya- Unexplored or Undocumented Medicinal PlantsAditi Gandhi
Determination of Anukta Dravya or Undocumented medicinal plants in ayurveda and criteria of nomenclature and how to expand the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India.
The document discusses various Ayurvedic dosage forms including solid, semisolid, and liquid forms. It describes the classification and preparation methods of common dosage forms such as churna, gutika, asava, arishta, avaleha, and lehya. The document also covers parameters for standardizing different Ayurvedic formulations to ensure quality, purity, and therapeutic efficacy.
According to Ayurveda
Churna is defined as “ a fine powder of one or more drugs”. Chruna formulation is Similar to powder
formulation in allopathic System of medicine.
Now-a-days churna is formulated into tablets in order to fix the dose easily and for convenience.
These forms of medicaments are prescribed generally because of their particle size.
Smaller the particle size of churna, better is the effect on the body.
Churna should be given with other vehicle like honey, milk or churna.
This make administration of churna easy and increased palatability also enhances therapeutic effect, such vehicles are called as Anupan in Ayurveda.
These forms of medicaments are prescribed generally because of their particle size.
Smaller the particle size of churna, better is the effect on the body.
Churna should be given with other vehicle like honey, milk or churna.
This make administration of churna easy and increased palatability also enhances therapeutic effect, such vehicles are called as Anupan in Ayurveda.
This document provides an overview of the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India (API) and Ayurvedic Formulary of India (AFI). It discusses that the API is published by the Ministry of Ayush and contains 645 monographs in Part 1 and 202 in Part 2 describing single drugs and their formulations. The AFI contains compound Ayurvedic formulations and has published 444 formulations in Part 1 and 350 in Part 3. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia Committee was established in 1962 to develop standards and monographs for drugs and formulations in the API and AFI.
METHODOLOGY OF STUDYING CONTROVERSIAL DRUGS-1.pptxhelipatel85
This document discusses controversial medicinal plants in Ayurveda literature. It estimates that around 30% of plants mentioned have uncertain botanical identities, and another 35% are already lost. Reasons for controversy include multiple names for single plants, lack of descriptions to identify plants, substitutes used, and mistakes in copying manuscripts. The document outlines steps to analyze controversial plants, including reviewing texts and traditions, collecting regional data, and laboratory analysis. It provides examples of resolving controversies for Rasna and Haritaki by comparing sources and testing candidate plants. Establishing correct botanical identities is important for standardizing Ayurvedic medicines.
This document discusses controversy, adulteration, and substitution as burning problems in Ayurvedic practice. It begins by introducing that medicinal plants constitute an important source for Ayurveda and other traditional medicines. However, a large percentage of plants used in Ayurveda are subject to controversy regarding their authentic botanical sources. Adulteration intentionally or unintentionally substitutes inferior substitutes, while substitution aims to replace equivalent drugs. The purpose is to define and determine the causes and effects of these issues. Several causes of controversy, types of adulteration and substitution, and their impacts on standardization and effects are discussed. It concludes that resolving issues regarding authentic sources and substitution/adulteration is needed
Namarupa vigyana is the study of the names and forms of medicinal plants, which is important for their proper identification and use. Ancient Indian texts used synonyms to describe the salient features, properties, and actions of plants. Proper nomenclature helps distinguish one plant from others and understand its hidden meanings. There is debate around synonyms that describe multiple plants over time. Studying namarupa vigyana provides insights into plant morphology, pharmacology, uses, and other important details to accurately identify medicinal plants.
This document discusses churnas, which are fine herbal powders used in Ayurvedic medicine. It describes how churnas are prepared by cleaning, drying, pulverizing and sieving herbs. Parameters for standardizing churnas include authentication of plant parts, morphology, microscopy, chemical composition, physical properties, and biological factors. Examples of evaluating physical parameters like pH, moisture content, and ash value are provided. Common uses of churnas include as carminatives, diuretics, laxatives, and for conditions like diarrhea. Some example churna formulations are listed.
This presentation introduces basic concepts of asavas and arishtas and largely deals with their method of preparation. The content is made so as to cater to undergraduate students in pharmacy and basic science learners. This topic is in herbal drug technology of PCI curriculum
Resin occurs as rounded masses or tears that are nearly transparent and moist when fresh. It burns in fire and melts in the sun. Resin has a golden, pale yellow, or dull brown color with a fragrant and balsamic odor and bitter and aromatic taste. It is partly soluble in alcohol and hot ethyl acetate. Some medicinal uses of resin include treatments for heart disease, gout, spondilytis, various infections, infective hepatitis, and as an acute viral infection remedy and hypocholesteremic and hypolipidemic.
1. The concept of pratinidhi dravya or substitute drugs in Ayurveda allows for the replacement of unavailable main ingredients in formulations.
2. Substitute drugs should have similar therapeutic properties, including taste, potency, and post-digestive effect, as the main ingredients they replace.
3. Factors like regional availability, seasonality, shelf life, and cost are considered when selecting substitute drugs to ensure treatments can still be effectively prepared and administered.
This document provides information about the medicinal plant Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia). It discusses the plant's Sanskrit and common names in various languages, classification systems in Ayurveda, synonyms, habitat and cultivation, chemical composition and therapeutic properties. According to mythology, drops of nectar that fell from the sky during a war between Lord Rama and Ravana originated Guduchi. The key parts and therapeutic uses of Guduchi include its leaves and stem being used as a rasayana (rejuvenative), medhya (cognitive enhancer), anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and for treating fever, skin disorders, and digestive issues.
Brahmi is a succulent herb found in wet, damp areas in India up to 1200 meters in elevation. It has flat, obovate leaves that are green with a bitter taste. Brahmi contains alkaloids like bacoside A and B, as well as other chemical constituents. It is used as a nervine tonic to treat conditions like asthma, epilepsy, and insanity, and has laxative, diuretic, and potential anticancer properties. It can be cultivated throughout the year in warm, humid conditions.
The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India is the official book of standards for single drugs and formulations in Ayurveda. It was established in 1962 and provides standards for identity, purity, strength and quality to ensure uniformity of finished formulations. It has published 8 volumes describing over 500 single drugs and 635 compound formulations. The Pharmacopoeia Laboratory for Indian Medicines was established in 2010 to analyze samples and provide reference standards to help regulate quality in Ayurvedic medicines.
This document summarizes information about Andrographis paniculata, a plant native to India and Sri Lanka. It discusses the plant's names in various languages, its morphology and parts used, as well as its main chemical constituent andrographolide. The document also outlines the plant's pharmacological actions including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, hepatoprotective, antimalarial and anti-HIV effects. Finally, it discusses the plant's traditional medicinal uses and potential side effects.
Rasna is a controversial medicinal plant in Ayurveda due to various causes like mistakes in manuscripts, geographical variations, and polynomial nomenclature. Multiple plants have been proposed as the authentic source of Rasna including Pleuchea lanceolata, Alpinia galanga, and Vanda tessellata based on descriptions in classical texts and pharmacological research. However, the true botanical identity of Rasna remains unclear due to linguistic and availability controversies over centuries.
The Central Council for Research in Ayurveda Science (CCRAS) is the apex body for research in Ayurveda in India. It operates through a network of 30 research institutes across various states. CCRAS undertakes both basic and applied clinical research on various aspects of Ayurveda like medicinal plants, drugs, and therapies. It also publishes research findings, books, and journals. The organization aims to develop scientific evidence for Ayurvedic principles and integrate traditional wisdom with modern technology.
Triphala is an Ayurvedic herbal supplement composed of equal parts of three myrobalans - Haritaki, Bibhitaki, and Amalaki. It is used to support digestion, regularity, tissue health, and antioxidant benefits. Triphala balances the three Ayurvedic doshas (vata, pitta, kapha) and is considered a rasayana, or rejuvenative tonic. Each myrobalan provides therapeutic properties and the combination results in a balanced formula useful for cleansing and detoxification.
Ghutika is one of the simple Ayurvedic medicine like pill or tablet.
Ghutika is palatable and easy to consume, store and preserve.
There are many examples of Ghutika formulations in Ayurveda.
Classical Ayurvedic text and Ayurvedic formulary of India (AFI) can be used to refer formula for particular Ghutika.
Preparation
First plant material is dried and made into fine powder.
Other minerals, if mentioned in the formula are made into Bhasma in fine powdered form.
In some cases, where Mercury (parada) and sulphur (Gandhaka) are , mentioned , Kajjaali (Purified and consumable form of mercury and sulphur) is made first and other drugs are added to it.
Mix the entire ingredients in mortar and pestle, Triturate herb, bhasma or other ingredients.
Punarnava is a controversial plant. I mention some important parts of it. Punarnava has different types of variety and origin. Punarnava is the best plant for rejuvenation.
Good Manufacturing Practices in Ayurveda Pharmaceutics (Past, Present & Future)Mohd Ehsan
GMP (Good Manufacturing Practices) are standards that help ensure therapeutic goods are consistently produced and controlled according to quality standards to minimize risks and ensure patient safety. The document discusses GMP in terms of its history, current implementation, and future developments. Currently, GMP is described in the Drug and Cosmetic Act of 1940 and Rules of 1945, outlining requirements for facilities, equipment, and processes. Looking ahead, the document proposes amendments to better align ASU drug regulation with international standards like cGMP, and ensure continued quality, safety, and efficacy of manufactured goods.
Nighantus of Ayurveda help in the right identification of the plant species used in treatment. It is essential to understand the basics of the evolution of Dravyaguna right from the Vedic period to the current era for a Materia Medica scholar in the field of Ayurveda.
This presentation intends to introduce about ayurvedic tablets known as gutikas or vatis. The content is suitable for undergraduate pharmacy students and high school science learners. It focusses on preparation and standardization. This topic is part of herbal drug technology of B.Pharmacy PCI curriculum.
Ayurvedic Pharmacology of Terminalia chebula & its PharmacognocyDr.Rajan Gupta
Terminalia chebula (haritaki) is a moderate sized tree found in Nepal between 150-1100m altitude. It has several medicinal uses in Ayurveda due to compounds like chebulic acid. It is tridosha shamak but mainly vata shamak. Externally it is used for wounds and internally for digestion, liver, heart, nerves. Different preparations are used for various diseases. The dosage is typically 3-6g and it can be combined with substances like salt, sugar or ghee based on the dosha addressed.
The document provides information about the Hridaya Deepak Nighantu, including its author Bopdev, time period of the 13th century AD, and classification system. It was compiled from the Astanga Hrdaya and only provides synonyms of drugs and foods. It is divided into 8 sections or vargas containing a total of 175 shlokas describing the synonyms of approximately 47 drugs and foods. The author's biography is also given, stating he was a physician to King Mahadev and wrote a total of 26 books on various topics including Ayurveda and other fields.
This review has been done under the expert guidance of Dr Surekha .S. Medikeri on the various possibilities for pharmacological advances in Guggulu Kalpana .
It is the need of the hour as , Researches are going on to bypass the drawbacks associated with available conventional formulations, as not much of study has been performed in relevance to new approaches like liposomes, phytosomes, niosomes, dendrites, microspheres etc.This advanced technology can prove to be as useful marker due to its numerous pharmacological effects.
This document provides information about the Ayurvedic powder preparation known as Churna Kalpana. It begins with an introduction discussing primary and secondary Ayurvedic preparations. It then discusses different author's classifications of Kashaya Kalpana, including Panchavidha described by Charaka and Sharangadhara. The definition, ingredients, and process of making Churna are explained. Various types of Churna according to sieve size and uses are mentioned. Examples of specific Churna formulations like Triphala Churna and Sudarshan Churna are also summarized along with their ingredients and indications. The document concludes by summarizing a research study on the antipyretic effects of Sudarshan
Namarupa vigyana is the study of the names and forms of medicinal plants, which is important for their proper identification and use. Ancient Indian texts used synonyms to describe the salient features, properties, and actions of plants. Proper nomenclature helps distinguish one plant from others and understand its hidden meanings. There is debate around synonyms that describe multiple plants over time. Studying namarupa vigyana provides insights into plant morphology, pharmacology, uses, and other important details to accurately identify medicinal plants.
This document discusses churnas, which are fine herbal powders used in Ayurvedic medicine. It describes how churnas are prepared by cleaning, drying, pulverizing and sieving herbs. Parameters for standardizing churnas include authentication of plant parts, morphology, microscopy, chemical composition, physical properties, and biological factors. Examples of evaluating physical parameters like pH, moisture content, and ash value are provided. Common uses of churnas include as carminatives, diuretics, laxatives, and for conditions like diarrhea. Some example churna formulations are listed.
This presentation introduces basic concepts of asavas and arishtas and largely deals with their method of preparation. The content is made so as to cater to undergraduate students in pharmacy and basic science learners. This topic is in herbal drug technology of PCI curriculum
Resin occurs as rounded masses or tears that are nearly transparent and moist when fresh. It burns in fire and melts in the sun. Resin has a golden, pale yellow, or dull brown color with a fragrant and balsamic odor and bitter and aromatic taste. It is partly soluble in alcohol and hot ethyl acetate. Some medicinal uses of resin include treatments for heart disease, gout, spondilytis, various infections, infective hepatitis, and as an acute viral infection remedy and hypocholesteremic and hypolipidemic.
1. The concept of pratinidhi dravya or substitute drugs in Ayurveda allows for the replacement of unavailable main ingredients in formulations.
2. Substitute drugs should have similar therapeutic properties, including taste, potency, and post-digestive effect, as the main ingredients they replace.
3. Factors like regional availability, seasonality, shelf life, and cost are considered when selecting substitute drugs to ensure treatments can still be effectively prepared and administered.
This document provides information about the medicinal plant Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia). It discusses the plant's Sanskrit and common names in various languages, classification systems in Ayurveda, synonyms, habitat and cultivation, chemical composition and therapeutic properties. According to mythology, drops of nectar that fell from the sky during a war between Lord Rama and Ravana originated Guduchi. The key parts and therapeutic uses of Guduchi include its leaves and stem being used as a rasayana (rejuvenative), medhya (cognitive enhancer), anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and for treating fever, skin disorders, and digestive issues.
Brahmi is a succulent herb found in wet, damp areas in India up to 1200 meters in elevation. It has flat, obovate leaves that are green with a bitter taste. Brahmi contains alkaloids like bacoside A and B, as well as other chemical constituents. It is used as a nervine tonic to treat conditions like asthma, epilepsy, and insanity, and has laxative, diuretic, and potential anticancer properties. It can be cultivated throughout the year in warm, humid conditions.
The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India is the official book of standards for single drugs and formulations in Ayurveda. It was established in 1962 and provides standards for identity, purity, strength and quality to ensure uniformity of finished formulations. It has published 8 volumes describing over 500 single drugs and 635 compound formulations. The Pharmacopoeia Laboratory for Indian Medicines was established in 2010 to analyze samples and provide reference standards to help regulate quality in Ayurvedic medicines.
This document summarizes information about Andrographis paniculata, a plant native to India and Sri Lanka. It discusses the plant's names in various languages, its morphology and parts used, as well as its main chemical constituent andrographolide. The document also outlines the plant's pharmacological actions including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, hepatoprotective, antimalarial and anti-HIV effects. Finally, it discusses the plant's traditional medicinal uses and potential side effects.
Rasna is a controversial medicinal plant in Ayurveda due to various causes like mistakes in manuscripts, geographical variations, and polynomial nomenclature. Multiple plants have been proposed as the authentic source of Rasna including Pleuchea lanceolata, Alpinia galanga, and Vanda tessellata based on descriptions in classical texts and pharmacological research. However, the true botanical identity of Rasna remains unclear due to linguistic and availability controversies over centuries.
The Central Council for Research in Ayurveda Science (CCRAS) is the apex body for research in Ayurveda in India. It operates through a network of 30 research institutes across various states. CCRAS undertakes both basic and applied clinical research on various aspects of Ayurveda like medicinal plants, drugs, and therapies. It also publishes research findings, books, and journals. The organization aims to develop scientific evidence for Ayurvedic principles and integrate traditional wisdom with modern technology.
Triphala is an Ayurvedic herbal supplement composed of equal parts of three myrobalans - Haritaki, Bibhitaki, and Amalaki. It is used to support digestion, regularity, tissue health, and antioxidant benefits. Triphala balances the three Ayurvedic doshas (vata, pitta, kapha) and is considered a rasayana, or rejuvenative tonic. Each myrobalan provides therapeutic properties and the combination results in a balanced formula useful for cleansing and detoxification.
Ghutika is one of the simple Ayurvedic medicine like pill or tablet.
Ghutika is palatable and easy to consume, store and preserve.
There are many examples of Ghutika formulations in Ayurveda.
Classical Ayurvedic text and Ayurvedic formulary of India (AFI) can be used to refer formula for particular Ghutika.
Preparation
First plant material is dried and made into fine powder.
Other minerals, if mentioned in the formula are made into Bhasma in fine powdered form.
In some cases, where Mercury (parada) and sulphur (Gandhaka) are , mentioned , Kajjaali (Purified and consumable form of mercury and sulphur) is made first and other drugs are added to it.
Mix the entire ingredients in mortar and pestle, Triturate herb, bhasma or other ingredients.
Punarnava is a controversial plant. I mention some important parts of it. Punarnava has different types of variety and origin. Punarnava is the best plant for rejuvenation.
Good Manufacturing Practices in Ayurveda Pharmaceutics (Past, Present & Future)Mohd Ehsan
GMP (Good Manufacturing Practices) are standards that help ensure therapeutic goods are consistently produced and controlled according to quality standards to minimize risks and ensure patient safety. The document discusses GMP in terms of its history, current implementation, and future developments. Currently, GMP is described in the Drug and Cosmetic Act of 1940 and Rules of 1945, outlining requirements for facilities, equipment, and processes. Looking ahead, the document proposes amendments to better align ASU drug regulation with international standards like cGMP, and ensure continued quality, safety, and efficacy of manufactured goods.
Nighantus of Ayurveda help in the right identification of the plant species used in treatment. It is essential to understand the basics of the evolution of Dravyaguna right from the Vedic period to the current era for a Materia Medica scholar in the field of Ayurveda.
This presentation intends to introduce about ayurvedic tablets known as gutikas or vatis. The content is suitable for undergraduate pharmacy students and high school science learners. It focusses on preparation and standardization. This topic is part of herbal drug technology of B.Pharmacy PCI curriculum.
Ayurvedic Pharmacology of Terminalia chebula & its PharmacognocyDr.Rajan Gupta
Terminalia chebula (haritaki) is a moderate sized tree found in Nepal between 150-1100m altitude. It has several medicinal uses in Ayurveda due to compounds like chebulic acid. It is tridosha shamak but mainly vata shamak. Externally it is used for wounds and internally for digestion, liver, heart, nerves. Different preparations are used for various diseases. The dosage is typically 3-6g and it can be combined with substances like salt, sugar or ghee based on the dosha addressed.
The document provides information about the Hridaya Deepak Nighantu, including its author Bopdev, time period of the 13th century AD, and classification system. It was compiled from the Astanga Hrdaya and only provides synonyms of drugs and foods. It is divided into 8 sections or vargas containing a total of 175 shlokas describing the synonyms of approximately 47 drugs and foods. The author's biography is also given, stating he was a physician to King Mahadev and wrote a total of 26 books on various topics including Ayurveda and other fields.
This review has been done under the expert guidance of Dr Surekha .S. Medikeri on the various possibilities for pharmacological advances in Guggulu Kalpana .
It is the need of the hour as , Researches are going on to bypass the drawbacks associated with available conventional formulations, as not much of study has been performed in relevance to new approaches like liposomes, phytosomes, niosomes, dendrites, microspheres etc.This advanced technology can prove to be as useful marker due to its numerous pharmacological effects.
This document provides information about the Ayurvedic powder preparation known as Churna Kalpana. It begins with an introduction discussing primary and secondary Ayurvedic preparations. It then discusses different author's classifications of Kashaya Kalpana, including Panchavidha described by Charaka and Sharangadhara. The definition, ingredients, and process of making Churna are explained. Various types of Churna according to sieve size and uses are mentioned. Examples of specific Churna formulations like Triphala Churna and Sudarshan Churna are also summarized along with their ingredients and indications. The document concludes by summarizing a research study on the antipyretic effects of Sudarshan
This document outlines the syllabus for the 2nd year of the Ayurvedacharya (BAMS) course. It covers 4 subjects:
1. Dravyaguna Vigyan (Pharmacology & Materia Medica) which includes 200 hours of lectures and 200 hours of practicals. It will be examined through 2 theory papers of 100 marks each and a practical/viva voce of 200 marks.
2. Roga Nidan
3. Rasashastra
4. Charak Samhita
The first subject, Dravyaguna Vigyan, focuses on the identification, properties, and therapeutic uses of medicinal plants and substances. The syll
This document provides information on Vaitarana Basti, including its definition, ingredients, method of preparation, indications, and use for treating Amavata. Vaitarana Basti is a type of Niruha Basti modified with specific ingredients like jaggery, rock salt, sesame oil, and amalaki, with the option of adding gomutra or goat's milk. It helps expel morbid doshas from the body, giving relief from various vata disorders and pain conditions like gridhrasi. Its ingredients have deepana, pachana, and shothahara properties making it useful for reducing swelling in Amavata.
DESCRIPTION ABOUT ANUKTA DRAVYA/EXTRAPHARMACOPIAL DRUGS WITH AYURVEDA AS WELL AS MORDERN PARAMETERS OF IDENTIFICATION...WITH SURVEY EXAMPLES REVIEWED FROM RESEARCH ARTICLES
anjana rasashastra ppt.pptx anjana rasa shastrarakhan78619
The document provides information on the Ayurvedic drug Anjana. It discusses 5 types of Anjana according to their properties - Souviranjana, Strotoanjana, Rasanjana, Nilanjana, and Pushpanjana. It describes their pharmacological uses, geographical distribution, physical properties, nomenclature, synonyms, purification processes, dosages and applications. Compound formulations containing each type are also summarized.
This document provides information about the formula seminar on Trayodashanga Guggulu presented by Dr. Kaushal Sinha. It includes:
1) An introduction to Trayodashanga Guggulu as a vati kalpana and guggulu preparation made with 14 ingredients including guggulu as the base.
2) Details on the ingredients, their parts and quantities used in the preparation. The main ingredients have katu, tikta, and kashaya rasas and usna virya to help treat vata disorders.
3) Indications for Trayodashanga Guggulu including joint disorders and abdominal pain.
4) A conclusion that
1. Dooshivishari Agada is used for dormant and cumulative poisoning and its complications. It contains ingredients like Pippali, Dhyamaka, Mamsi, etc. mixed with honey.
2. Bilvadi Agada contains 13 ingredients like Bilva, Surasa, Karanja mixed in goat's urine to treat various poisonings from snakes, scorpions, and insects and conditions like Ajeerna.
3. Dashanga Agada contains 10 ingredients like Vacha, Hingu, Vidanga, Saindhava to treat scorpion stings and other types of poisonings and infections.
4. Mruthasanjivana Ag
Vaitarana basti is a type of niruha basti used to treat various vata disorders like amavata, anaha, shoola, and gridhrasi. It contains ingredients like guda, saindhava, til taila, amleeka, and gomutra which have deepana, pachana, and ushna properties to alleviate ama and vata doshas. The ingredients reach different parts of the body through the sukshma guna and help liquefy doshas. Gomutra is particularly useful for reducing shotha and ruja in amavata due to its katu and ruksha qualities. Vaitarana
This document discusses Kalka Kashaya Kalpana, one of the five fundamental Ayurvedic preparations. It defines Kalka as a soft paste made by grinding fresh herbs, sometimes with a small amount of water. Several examples of Kalka formulations are provided from classical Ayurvedic texts, along with their ingredients, methods of preparation, doses, and indications for treating various diseases. Kalka is considered light and easy to digest, and can be used both internally and externally in the treatment of many health conditions.
Ayurveda strongly believes in using drugs with particular tastes in treating diseases. This presentation will help you understand the basics of rasa and its applied aspects in planning treatment protocol.
Understanding the samprapti of gulma in Charak Nidan Sthana Priyanka Buragohain
This document provides information about the Ayurvedic disease Gulma. It defines Gulma as a unique disease that occurs in the Koṣtha (mahasrotasa) and can have external or internal causes. It notes Gulma is one of 48 common diseases, one of 11 types of swelling, and manifests in 5 specific areas of the body. The key symptoms are pain and a palpable lump. Gulma is characterized but not defined by its pathogenesis. It involves tissues but no specific dosha initially, but untreated can involve blood like a wound. Gulma is named based on its shape. The document discusses Gulma in several Ayurvedic texts and provides details on the causative factors, pathogenesis,
Profound knowledge of applied aspect of agrya aushadhaVaidya Ganga
The document discusses Agrya (chief/important) herbs based on their actions related to doshas, dhatus, vyadhis and other factors according to Ayurvedic classics. It provides lists of Agrya herbs and their actions on doshas like vata, pitta and kapha. It also lists Agrya herbs and their effects on dhatus like plasma, muscles etc. Further, it discusses Agrya herbs mentioned in relation to various diseases in Charaka Samhita, Astanga Sangraha and their actions related to panchakarma procedures, mental health, regions and clinical ethics principles.
In present scenario the disease related to life style changes and stress are comparatively more. One among them is the degenerative bone disease. Yogaraja guggulu an herbal formulation, widely used in the clinical practice for treatment osteoarthritis. It consisting of 29 ingredients, and also indicated for neurological and musculoskeletal disorders. It is principally useful for balancing accumulated vata in the joints and muscles. This review article explains the therapeutical use and pharmacological properties of Yogaraja guggulu. By using different authors, journals and scientific publications. Here an attempt has been made to address therapeutical uses of yogaraja guggulu and its constituent drugs. This review helps the researcher to explore more about this important Ayurveda formulation. Dr. Rohitakumar | Dr. Ravi R Chavan "A Critical Review on Yogaraja Guggulu" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd43744.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/ayurvedic/43744/a-critical-review-on-yogaraja-guggulu/dr-rohitakumar
Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdfJim Jacob Roy
Osteoporosis is an increasing cause of morbidity among the elderly.
In this document , a brief outline of osteoporosis is given , including the risk factors of osteoporosis fractures , the indications for testing bone mineral density and the management of osteoporosis
Does Over-Masturbation Contribute to Chronic Prostatitis.pptxwalterHu5
In some case, your chronic prostatitis may be related to over-masturbation. Generally, natural medicine Diuretic and Anti-inflammatory Pill can help mee get a cure.
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...Oleg Kshivets
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptxHolistified Wellness
We’re talking about Vedic Meditation, a form of meditation that has been around for at least 5,000 years. Back then, the people who lived in the Indus Valley, now known as India and Pakistan, practised meditation as a fundamental part of daily life. This knowledge that has given us yoga and Ayurveda, was known as Veda, hence the name Vedic. And though there are some written records, the practice has been passed down verbally from generation to generation.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptxTina Purnat
• Pitfalls and pivots needed to use AI effectively in public health
• Evidence-based strategies to address health misinformation effectively
• Building trust with communities online and offline
• Equipping health professionals to address questions, concerns and health misinformation
• Assessing risk and mitigating harm from adverse health narratives in communities, health workforce and health system
Here is the updated list of Top Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and Indigestion and those are Gas-O-Go Syp for Dyspepsia | Lavizyme Syrup for Acidity | Yumzyme Hepatoprotective Capsules etc
2. Ovrerview on “guggulu” (commiphora
mukul)
Presented by Shefali rana
MD 1st year
DRAVYA GUNA Dept.
RGPGGAC, PAPROLA
3. Content :
Introduction
Vernacular names
Classical categorization
Guggulu in Ayurvedic literature
Botanical description
Varieties of Guggulu
Distribution and habitat
Propagation and cultivation
Harvesting of Guggulu
4. Endangerment and rescue
Adulterants
Purification of Guggulu
Prashasta Guggulu lakshana
Pharmacognosy
Phytochemistry
Ayurvedic properties and pharmacological actions
Medicinal uses
Contraindications and side effects of Guggulu
Ayurvedic preparations of Guggulu
Research studies
5. Introduction
Guggulu (Commiphora mukul) means “fights against disease”.,
is an indigenous well known drug and has been used for
centauries to treat several ailments.
Guggulu is an oleo-gum resin that exudes spontaneously as a
result of injury from the bark of Commiphora mukul .
It is a key ingredient of a large number of Ayurvedic
formulations. Hence, it is considered as one of the
“Divyaushadhis” in Ayurveda.
Guggulu was introduced as a medicine in 1966, and but
approved as a hypo-lipidemic drug for marketing in India in
1986.
Studies revealed that guggulu contain flavonoids, terpenes,
phyto-sterols etc. producing number of biological activities like
Anti-inflammatory, Anti-obesity, Anti-neoplastic, Anti-diabetic,
Hypo-lipidemic, Anti-arthritic, Anti-fertility, Anti-
Atherosclerotic etc.
8. पुरुः - तियाुसेषु श्रेष्ठुः।
मरुदेश्युः - मरुस्थले जायमािुः।
महिषाक्ष: - महिषिेत्रवि ्रक्िाभकृ ष्णवणुुः।
In Hindi –
Googal
Guggal
In English –
Gum-gugul
Indian Bedellium
9. Classical categorization
Charaka –
Samjnasthapana Mahakashaya
हिङ्गुक
ै टर्यारिमेदयवचयचोिकवर्स्थयगोलोमीजहटलयपलङ्कषयशोकिोहिण्र्
इति दशेमयति सञ्ज्ञयस्थयपियति भवन्ति
(Ch.su.4/48)
These drugs are penetrative, hot, minute, light and motile in quality.
Because of this, they have conscious restorative property, which is why
they are useful in memory disorder, irregular sleep or concentration
and loss of consciousness.
Kashaya Skandha
10. Sushruta – Eladi gana
Vagbhata – Eladi gana
एलयहदको वयिकफौ तिितर्यद्ववषमेव च |
वर्ाप्रसयदिः कण्डूवपडकयकोठियशिः ||
(Su.su.38/25)
The group of 28 drugs consist in subduing the action of
Vayu and Kapha and neutralising the effect of poison. It is
a cosmetic and arrest the eruption of pimple and other
skin related problem like skin itching, rashes and
urticaria.
11. GUGGULU IN AYURVEDIC LITERATURE
In Vedas – Specifically in Atharva Veda, it is mentioned that
Yakshma and other diseases will not spread to the area fumigated
by Guggulu and introduced as well known DHUPAN DRAVYA.
In Samhitas – It is observed that the internal usage of Guggulu
was increased during Samhita period.
Charak samhita – Maharishi Charaka has described Guggulu as the best
drug for MEDOROGA and VATA SAMAKA.
And also recommended the drug in Rasayana Chikitsa where Shilajeet and
Guggulu were used with cow milk.
The drug also has been described by him in other diseases as highly effective
medicine like KUSTHA, BHAGANDARA, INDRALUPTA, KITIBHA, ARSHA, APCHI,
PAMA AND SWETA PRADARA .
12. Sushruta Samhita – Maharishi Sushruta has described Guggulu in the
list of seven most important drugs for the treatment of Sthaulya.
Acharya Sushruta has prescribed Guggulu with cow urine in condition of
vitiated Vata with Medodhatu dominated by Kapha dosha.
This drug is also mentioned as highly effective in the treatment of Hrdroga
,Aruchi, Gulma and Antarvidradhi.
He also documented that the new guggulu is VRSHYA while old guggulu is
APAKARSANA-
स िवो बृांिणो वृष्युः पुराणस्त्वपकषुणुः |
(Su.ci.5/41)
Ashtang Hridya – Vagbhata has described it a drugs of choice in
Medoroga for its lipid lowering action.
He has also used the drug in Snehavyapada and in diseases produced due to
vitiated Medodhatu, Kapha, Vata and in Amavata.
13. Sharngdhara Samhita – He quoted it among the drugs to be used
for Rasayan Karma.
In Nighantus –
Dhanwantari nighantu - included it under “Chandanadi Varga”.
Madanpala Nighantu - included it under “Karpooradi Varga”.
Kaiydev Nighantu - has mentioned it under “Aushadi Varga”.
Bhavprakash Nighantu - has described it in “Karpooradi Varga”.
Raj Nighantu - included it under “Chandanadi Varga”.
Mahaushadi Nighantu - included it under “Chandanadi Varga”.
Shaligram Nighantu has mentioned it under “Karpooradi
Varga”.
14. Botanical description
Woody shrub or a small
tree
grows to the height of
2-3 meter
much branched with
characteristics silvery
and paper like bark
peelings.
Branches are knotty and
crooked, divaricate,
usually ending in a sharp
spine.
15. Leaves: The leaves
are rhomboid-
ovate, 1-3 foliate,
serrate-toothed in
the upper part,
smooth and
shinning, the
lateral leaflets
when present less
than half the size
of the terminal
ones.
16. Flowers: Flowers in the
fascicles of 2-3; pedicles very
short. Calyx campanulate,
glandular, hairy; lobes are 4-5
in number, triangular, as long
as the tube. Petals are
brownish red, broadly linear,
nearly thrice the length of
the calyx, reflexed at the
apex. Stamens are 8-10 in
number, alternatively long
and short, half the length of
the petals. Ovary oblong-
ovoid, attenuated into the
style.
17. Fruits: The fruits are small,
reddish brown to purple in
color when ripe, ovoid drupes.
Each plant produces about 0.5
to 1kg of oleo-gum resin which
is collected from January to
March.
Gum Resin: Pale yellow to
brown aromatic gum resin
obtained from the bark of the
plant. Agglomerated tears of
resin are somewhat transparent,
with waxy surface and brittle in
nature. Gum-resin is thick,
scented, burnt on fire, liquifies
in sun heat. When dissolved in
water, it turns milky white.
18. Varieties of guggulu
Bhavmishra described five varieties of Guggulu –
महिषयक्षो मियिीलः क
ु मुदः पद्म इत्र्वप |
हििण्र्ः पञ्ज्चमो ञेर्ो गुग्गुलोः पञ्ज्च जयिर्ः ||
(Bh.pr.3/30)
1. Mahishaksha - Mahishaksha has the colour of honey-bee or Anjana (antimony
sulphide).
2. Mahanila is similar to its name and looks like a Sapphire, a precious stone.
Extremely blue in colour.
3. Kumuda - Kumuda resembles Kumuda flower (white) in colour.
4. Padma - Padma resembles Manikya (ruby red).
5. Hiranya (Kanaka) - Hiranya is like gold in colour.
Mahikshaksh and Mahanila varieties are beneficial to elephants, Kumuda and
Padma bestow health to horses, Hiranya variety is best suited for humans.
Mahishaksha is also good for humans.
19. Generally , main two types of Guggulu are available :
1. Kana guggulu
2. Bhainsa guggulu
Kana guggulu –
1. Found in Marwar.
2. Colour – Raktabh peeta
Bhainsa guggulu –
1. Found in Kutch and Sindh.
2. Colour – Haritabh peeta
20. Other two varieties of Guggulu has mentioned in the texts books of
Ayurveda:
1). Nava Guggulu
2). Purana Guggulu
The freshly collected Guggulu is tissue builder and aphrodisiac and
if stored for more than one year, it is a depletory of tissues. The
characters of fresh one are, it is oily, yellowish looks like a ripen
Jambu fruit, fragnant and gummy in nature.
Purana or old decayed Guggulu is dry, emitting bad smell, devoid
of natural colour and potency.
Nava Guggulu is useful in debility, whereas the old variety -
Purana Guggulu is salutary in obesity and diabetes.
Note – Guggulu older than 5 years is considered as Purana Guggulu.
22. According to Kaiydeva Nighantu:
• Guggulu are of five types: Mahishaksha, Mahanila, Kumuda, Padma,
Hiranaya.
• According to Kaiydeva Nighantu –
1. Krishna varna Guggulu - best for Rakta-pitta dosh
2. Pingal varna Guggulu - best for Kapha-pitta dosh
3. Sweta varna Guggulu - best for Vata-pitta dosh
कष्र्ः शोणर्िवपत्ते च श्लेष्मवपत्ते च वपङ्ग्लः ||
वयिवपत्ते िथय श्वेिो गुग्गुलुः शस्र्िे िथय |
(Ka.ni.1/1416)
Other five types of Guggulu, according to Unani system of medicine:
1. Mukle Saklabi - Brown in colour
2. Mukle arabi - It is reddish brown or purplish in colour and found in Yaman pradesh.
3. Mukle ajarak - Reddish in colour
4. Mukle Yahud - Yellowish in colour
5. Mukle hindi - It is found in India
23. Distribution and habitat
Commiphora mukul is widely distributed in tropical region of
Africa, Asia and Saudi Arabia.
In Indian subcontinent it occur in India, Pakistan, Baluchistan,
Bangladesh etc. In India it is distributed in South-Westen India
and parts of Central India which is represented by Kerala,
Kanataka, Tamilnadu, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Madhya
Pradesh, Gujarat and Rajasthan.
Kaiydeva mentioned that Guggulu tree habituated in the Maru
bhumi pradesh (Vata pradhan desh) will yield five types of gum-
resin during Grishm ritu as well as Shaitya ritu.
24. Climate and soil -
The plant grows well in arid, sandy, and rocky tracts of
tropical India. Sandy or sandy loam soils are best for its
cultivation.
Its small leathery leaves and thick bark covered with a
white waxy coat over the stems, help it to withstand
desert conditions.
It prefers a warm, dry climate for good yield of oleo-gum-
resin.
25. Propagation and cultivation:
The Commiphora mukul (Guggulu tree) grows
as a woody tree in sandy loam soil with more
gypsum content, with pH 7.5-9.
Guggulu plant can be propagated both by
seed and stem cutting in the arid or semiarid
zones.
For this purpose, sloppy well drained lands
are preferred .
Through seed –
Regeneration through seeds in Guggulu is
very poor because of presence of a hard seed
coat.
The seeds sown in the months of June and
July in well worked soil beds, germinate at
the onset of monsoon rains.
26. One month old seeding are transferred into plastic bags. After 2 years, these
seedling attain a height of 30-50 cm and suitable for field planting.
Better seed germination can be obtained by mechanical scarification (with sand
paper) of seed coat and keeping these scarified seeds under running water for
about 24 hours.
Vegetative propagation through stem cutting –
1. Best method of propagation for Guggulu.
2. Cuttings are obtained from healthy and disease free branches.
3. Cutting/ Germ plasma are usually planted during late summer when plant is
almost leafless.
4. With the onset of monsoon, when foliation, growth/flowering starts, the plant
becomes physiologically active.
5. Cutting also show sign of sprouting in 25-50 days.
27. Time of planting : 2nd and 3rd week of June is most suitable time for planting of
cutting in the beds.
Depth of planting : The stem cuttings are usually planted at a depth of 15-20 cm
in soil.
Preparation of beds : Soil must be pulverized and thoroughly mixed with farmyard
manure and a small quantity of Aldrin is used to prevent termite infestation. Beds
are prepared in size such as 6’x3’ to 10’x4’.
Climatic condition : It plays a vital role in sprouting of cuttings. Maximum temp
37°C, Minimum temp 27°C, Humidity 76%.
Selection and preparation of planting stock : Stem cuttings should be taken from
a healthy plant. Size of cutting 1.5 to 8 cm (girth) x 20 to 100 cm (long).
Sprouting of cutting : Cutting usually sprouts within 8-15 days after planting
during monsoon. Cutting treated with hormones ( Credik 1,2,3) sprouted more
then the control. Credik – 3 is more effective then 1 and 2 as far as sprouting is
concerned.
28. Harvesting (tapping and collection) of guggulu
After achieving the physiological maturity
(8-10 years) of plant, the gum resin is
tapped during Mid Dec. to Feb.
Because the flow of gum is more during
winter and summer.
Plant attaining 7.5 cm diameter is suitable
for tapping the gum resin.
It is done by giving an incision 10 cm long
and Usually 1.5 cm deep circular incisions
are made on the main branches and stems
at uniform distance of 30 cm and at an
angle of 60 manually.
29. Incision should not be deeper than bark.
It is done by sharp knife.
The knife should be dipped in an activator like guggal gum
pest.
2-4 incisions given per plant.
The yellowish white fragrant latex oozes out through the
incision and slowly solidifies into vermicular pieces often
forming big lump.
Gum is collect after 15-20 days of incision by manually or
with spear.
Subsequently collection is done at the interval of 10-15
days.
30. NOTE – As gum- resin gets hardened on exposure to air, it should
be collected in earthen cups fixed below the cut part.
2-3 collections of gum are possible in a season. And after
collection, the oleo gum resin is stored in airtight plastic
containers.
Use of 40 mg of chloro-ethyl phosphoric acid or application of
ether, fed to the roots through the injection can increase the
flow of gum 22 times and maximize yield significantly.
Long term application enhance the production but eventually
kills the plant due to exhaustion.
Yield :
Starting from sixth year, the guggulu gum yield increases from
200 gm to 400 gm per plant.
The mature plant (8-10 years), total guggulu gum yield comes
to be 700-900 gm per plant corresponding to 1750 -2250 kg per
hac.(@ 2500 plants per hac.)
31. Endangerment and Rescue
According to estimation the annual demand of Guggulu is
nearly 1000 tones, while the consumption of this drug is
nearly 2300 tones used in various preparations of Indian
system of medicine.
Because of its medicinal properties, Guggulu has been
overharvested in much of its habitat, and also because of its
slow growing nature, poor seed setting, lack of cultivation,
poor seed and germination rate, the plant Guggulu become
endangered and has been listed on the International Union for
Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of threatened species.
Therefore it is rational to conservation and cultivation of this
critical endangered species.
32. And for this, some efforts are in
place to address this situation.
India’s National Medicinal Plants
Board launched a project in
Kutch District to cultivate 500 to
800 hectares (1,200 to 2,000
acres) of Guggulu, while a gross-
roots conservation movement
called as “SAVE GUGGUL
MOMENT”, led by IUCN associate
Vineet Soni, has been started to
conserve this threatened species
by educating Guggulu growers
and harvesters in safe,
sustainable harvesting methods.
33.
34. Adulterants
There are many adulterants used in gum resin
of Commiphora mukul for commercial purpose.
The Indian adulterants commonly used are gum
resin of Boswellia serrata and Hymendictyon
excelsum but out of both, Boswellia serrate
(Salai guggulu) is major adulterant.
The colour and smell of both the gum resins
after solidification almost resemble each other,
since both the plants belong to the same family
Burseraceae.
Gum resin of Boswellia serrate is distinguished
by its yellowish green, golden or milky tears,
seldom amalgamated into lumps and a
characteristic terpentine like odour.
35. The other known adulterants are Commiphora myrrha,
C.roxburghii.
Gum-oleo-resin of Commiphora myrrh, imported from
Africa and constituting the drug Hirabole or bole of
commerce is sometimes mixed with Guggulu.
Similarly, gum-oleo-resin obtained from Commiphora
roxburghii , Occurring in central and eastern India is sold
by the name of Guggulu.
The former is distinguished by large tears of yellowish
brown colour, exposing on fracture, a brown surface
having white markings will be seen, while the latter has a
bluish tinge and a feeble balasmic odour.
36. Purification of Guggulu
Need of Guggulu shodhana - As
Guggulu is an exudate, external impurities
in the form of dust, dry leaves and other
foreign materials are accepted in Guggulu.
After purification, the herb becomes safer
and more effective for use.
Traditionally Guggulu is purified in Triphala
kvatha for 12 hours (in Dola Yantra) and
then fried with ghee before administered
internally.
According to Nighantu Ratanakar
decoctions of Guduchi, Triphala, Vasa and
Cow’s milk are to be used for purification.
37. Prashasta guggulu
Snigdha(oily/greasy), mrudu(soft), picchila(slimy),
madhura Gandhi(good smell), tikta(bitter),
pitabha(yellowish in colour), easily soluble in water,
burns well when put on fire, devoid of mud and sand
is the best form of guggulu.
Shushka(dry),ati-durgandhi(bad odour),
vivarna(discoloured), and nirvirya(devoid of potency)
guggulu should not be used.
38. PHARMACOGNOSY
The bark is characterized by the presence of silvery, paper like
brownish bark peelings.
In young branches, the bark is green below the epidermal peelings
due to chloroplast.
Drug occurs in vermicular pieces of pale yellow or brown coloured
mass, makes milky emulsion in hot water and readily burns, when
fresh- viscid and golden coloured, odour - aromatic, taste is bitter
and astringent.
The gum oleo resin is located in gum oleo- resin ducts in the
parenchymatous bark as slightly yellowish milky juice.
The gum oleo-resin ducts are almost circular and scattered
throughout the bark.
And in longitudinal section the ducts appear as branched tubular
structures.
39. Phytochemistry:
In its chemical composition
volatile oil, resins, gum and a
bitter compound is found.
Guggulu contains gum (32%),
essential oil (1.45%), sterols
(guggulsterols I to VI, sitosterol,
cholesterol, Z- and E-
guggulsterone), sugars (sucrose,
fructose), amino acids, alpha-
camphorene, allyl-cembrol,
flavonoids, ellagic acid, myricyl
alcohol, aliphatic tetrols are
found.
40. Ayurvedic Properties and Pharmacological Actions
According to Ayurveda Literature, Raspanchak of Guggulu
are -
Rasa : Tikta, Katu, Kashya
Guna : Laghu, Ruksha, Tikshna, Vishad, Sukshma, Sara
(Purana Guggulu) ; Snigdh, Picchala (Naveen Guggulu)
Virya : Ushna
Vipak : Katu
Karam : Tridoshhar , Rasayana,Varnya, Jantughan,
Nadibalya, Raktaprasadana, Sheetaprashamana, Vrsya
(new) and lekhana (old).
41. According to Bhavprakash Nighantu –
Ayurvedic properties of Guggulu are: -
Guggulu is Vishad (non- greasy), Tikta (bitter), Ushna Virya (hot
in potency), increases Pitta, Sara (laxative), Kashaya
(astringent), Katu (pungent) in taste, Katu in Vipak (pungent
after digestion), Ruksha (causes dryness) and Laghu (light).
Guggulu is Bhagna-sandhankrid (Unifies fracture), Vrishya
(aphrodisiac), Sukshma (enters into minute pores), Swarya
(improves voice), Rasayana (rejuvenative), Dipana (appetizer),
Balya, mitigates Kapha and Vata, cures Apachi, Medo rog, Meha,
Ashmari, diseases of Vata, Pidika, Granthi, Shoph, Arsh,
Gandmala, Krimi rog.
42. It mitigates Vata by its Madhura rasa, Pitta by its
Kashayatava (astringent taste) and Kapha by its Tiktatvata
(bitter taste), so Guggulu mitigates all the Doshas.
गुग्गुलुववाशदन्स्िक्िो वीर्ोष्र्ः वपत्तलः सिः |
कषयर्ः कटुकः पयक
े कटू रूक्षो लघुः पिः ||
भग्िसतधयिकद्वष्र्ः सूक्ष्मः स्वर्ो िसयर्िः |
दीपिः वपन्छिलो बल्र्ः कफवयिव्रर्यपचीः ||
मेदोमेियश्मवयियृंश्च क्लेदक
ु ष्ठयममयरुियि् |
वपडकयग्रन्तथशोफयशोगण्डमयलयकमीञ्ज्जर्ेि् |
मयधुर्याछिमर्ेद्वयिृं कषयर्त्वयछच वपत्तिय ||
तिक्ित्वयद् कफन्जत्तेि गुग्गुलुः सवादोषिय |
(Bh.pr.3/38-41)
43. According to Raj Nighantu –
1. Guggulu is extremely beneficial in the diseases of Vata
and Kapha doshas and Kasa rog (cough).
2. It also cures the Krimi rog, Vata rog, Udar rog, Pliha rog,
Shoth and Arsh.
3. It has a special potency as a rejuvenative (Rasayan).
गुग्गुलुः कटुतिक्िोष्र्ः कफमयरुिकयसन्जि् |
क्रिममवयिोदिप्लीिशोफयशोघ्िो िसयर्िः ||
(Ra.ni.12/105)
44. Medicinal Uses
PART USED - Niryas (oleo-gum resin).
DOSAGE - : 250 mg to 1 gms ; For rasayan purpose - 100 palas (Acc.
to Vriddha Vagbhatta) .
The “Niryasa” means gum-oleo resin, of the Guggulu plant is used for
medicinal purpose, both internally as well as externally as mentioned
below -
Sthaulaya (Obesity) - In obesity, regular use of Guggulu with
Gomutra, Triphala, Lauha-Bhasma, Rasanjana, honey is beneficial.
Udararoga - Use of Guggulu with milk is beneficial in Udar rog.
Shotha (Oedema) - One should use Guggulu with Gomutra or
decoction of punanava, Devdaru or Dashmula decoction.
Vatavyadhi - Guggulu is the best remedy for Vata covered by Meda.
Gridhasi (Sciatica): Rasna 40 gm and Guggulu 200 gm are pounded
with ghee and made into pills. It alleviates sciatica. Krostushirsha
(arthritis of knee joint): In Krostushirsha, Guggulu or Guduchi with
Triphala decoction should be taken.
45. Urustambha - Guggulu with Gomutra is a good remedy for
Urustambha.
Amavata (Rheumatoid arthritis) - Intake of Guggulu with equal
quantity of Trikatu, Chitraka, Musta, Triphala, and Vidanga destroys
all disorders caused by Medas, Kapha and Amavata.
Wound - Guggulu and Triphala is one of the great combinations in
treating, orally, the non healing chronic wounds. Anti-inflammatory
and antiseptic properties of Guggulu are beneficial in cleansing and
healing of wounds and to reduce oedema. For such, the paste of its
gum is applied in the cases of gout, rheumatic joints, glandular
swelling and even piles.
Vriddhi rog (Scrotal enlargement) - One should take Guggulu or
castor oil with Gomutra. By this chronic scrotal enlargement caused
by Vata is destroyed.
Foetid ear - Fumigation with Guggulu is a good remedy.
Bronchial asthma - Shallaki, Guggulu, Aguru and Padmaka mixed with
ghee is used for fumigation.
46. Contraindications during guggulu administration
During the administration of Guggulu, the patients should be
advised not to take -
Amla food (sour)
Tikshna(penetrating)
Madya(alcoholic drinks)
Ajirna bhojana(indigestion)
Maithuna(intercourse)
Vyayama(exercise)
Atapasevana(exposure to hot
climatic condition)
Krodha(anger)
अम्लृं िीक्ष्र्मजीर्ाञ्ज्च व्र्वयर्ृं श्रममयिपम् |
मद्र्ृं िोषृं त्र्जेत्सम्र्ग् गुर्यथी पुिसेवकः ||
(Bh.pr.3/45)
47. Side Effects of Guggulu
According to Priya nighantu –
Excess dose of Guggulu leads to Klaivaya (impotency), Mukhshosh (dryness
of mouth), Timira (cataract), Krishta (loss of weight), Murcha (vertigo) and
Atisara (dysentery) etc.
Guggulu should not be used in patients with above complaints.
According to Vriddha Vaghbhata –
He described that about 1 Tula (100 Palas) of Guggulu may be consumed for
Rasayan purpose.
If administered in extensive quantities side effects like: Timira (cataract),
Klavaiya (impotency), Krishta (weight loss), Murcha (syncope), Shathilya
(laxity of tissue), Roukshya (dryness) may develop.
48. Ayurvedic Preparations of Guggulu
Triphala guggulu- Triphala Guggulu is a compound extract (of
triphala) to which guggulu is added. It is for joint pain, arthritic
conditions, muscle aches, rheumatism, and weight loss.
Yogaraj guggulu - It is an anti-arthritic herbal supplement useful for
joint pain, urino-genital disorders, obesity
Mahayogaraj guggulu - It is used in the Ayurvedic treatment of joint
diseases, skin diseases, piles, diabetes, gout, fistula, bloating,
emaciation, low digestion power, asthma, cold, cough, anorexia,
male and female infertility.
Gokshuradi guggulu - It is an outstanding remedy in urino-genital
problems, promoting urine flow, soothing the mucosa, and aiding in
the excretion of stones and calculi. It supports kidney and bladder
health, detoxification of the urinary tract and also support against
enlarged prostate, urinary tract disorders, urinary Stones,
inconsistent urination.
49. Kanchanara guggulu - It can be used to address deep-seated
kapha imbalances. It supports healthy tissues including
muscles, fat and bones as well as the thyroid and the
lymphatic system. It is useful in Tumors and Goitre.
Amritadi guggulu - Useful in obesity, lowers cholesterol, also
beneficial in other conditions like pimples, puss boils, hair
follicle boil and buttock boils.
Lakshadi guggulu - It is particularly helpful for healing
broken bones, fractures, osteophytes removal. It is really an
excellent natural formula to enhance calcium deposition on
bones.
Simhanada guggulu - Useful for Lack of Appetite, Abdominal
gas, Dysentery, Spasm digestion, gout.
50. Trayodashanga Guggulu- Useful in Sciatica and nerve
related pain, increase the number of red blood cells and
used to promote appetite and digestion, increase the
number of red blood cells, and aid in removal of
undesirable fat in the body.
Kaishora guggulu -It is used as a blood purifier it is helpful
in Athlete's foot and helps in elimination of toxins from
the joints. It supports healthy metabolism in the body and
maintains healthy white blood cells and liver.
Navaka guggulu - It is widely used in the Ayurvedic
treatment of weight loss, it improves digestion. It is also
used to relieve Rheumatoid arthritis.
51. Research Studies
Anti-inflammatory and Anti-arthritic activity :
o Oleo-resin was found to be highly potent anti -inflammatory agent, as
compared to hydrocortisone and buta-zoladin against Brownlee’s
formaldehyde-induced arthritis in albino rats.
o Oleo-resin fraction possessed significant anti-arthritic and anti-
inflammatory activities, the minimum effective dose being 12.5mg/100g
body weight.
o In arthritis, the extract suppress the activation of inflammatory cytokine
and lowers the inflammation. Its also suppresses the activation of
interleukins and prostaglandins. and is compared to be more effective then
betamethasone.
52. Anti-atherosclerotic activity –
o Effect of gum was observed on serum cholesterol, fibrino-lytic
activity and platelet adhesive index in healthy individuals
(group I) and in patients of CAD (group II) for a period of 30
days.
o Serum fibrino-lytic activity improved by 22% and 19% at the end
of 24 hrs, as after 30 days it was 40% and 30% in group I &II
respectively.
o Platelet adhesive index showed 22% and 19% after 30 days in
group I and group II respectively.
53. Anti-obesity activity :
Crude Guggulu was found to reduce the body weight of
hydrogenated ground-nut oil treated rabbits.
Preliminary clinical trials on 22 patients of hyper-
cholestrolaemia associated with obesity, IHD, HTN, DM etc.
Guggulu crude was administrated orally (6.12mg in three
divided doses for 15 days to one month.
A fall in total serum cholesterol and serum lipid-phosphorus was
found in all the cases treated with Guggulu.
The body weight of 10 patients of obesity also found to be
reduced significantly.
54. Hypo-lipidemic activity :
o Typical Guggul-lipid preparations contain 2.5-5% of the plant
sterols Guggulsterone E and Z.
o These two components have been reported to exert effects on
lipids. To evaluate the effects of Guggul on disorders of lipid
metabolism, with special reference to atherosclerosis and obesity,
Satyavati et al. conducted the first animal study on rabbits, from
1964-1966.
o It was demonstrated that administration of gum Guggul
significantly lowered the serum cholesterol levels of
hyperlipidemic rabbits, prevented cholesterol-induced
arteriosclerosis and decreased the body weight of the animals.
55. Cardio-protective effects :
o Several studies have reported the cardio-protective activity of Guggulsterone
that showed the reversal of iso-proterenol induced cardiac damage and the
associated metabolic changes and protects heart during low blood supply in
rats.
Neuroprotective effect :
o Guggulipid reversed strepto-zotocin drug induced neuronal damage and
memory deficits.
o In parallel with these reversals, levels of glutathione in the brains of
Guggulipid-treated mice were significantly increased, suggesting that
Guggulipid inhibits oxidative stress in the brain.
o Guggulipid has an antioxidant and anti-acetylcholine esterase activities;
showed protective effect against strepto-zotocin induced memory deficits in
the model of dementia.
o These observations suggest Guggulipid as a potential anti-dementia drug and
cognitive enhancer.
56. Thyroid-stimulatory effect:
o Several studies have shown that Guggulsterone stimulates the thyroid gland.
o Administration of Guggulsterone restored thyroid activity like an increase in
iodine uptake by the thyroid and enhanced the activities of thyroid peroxidase and
protease (thyroid enzyme) as well as oxygen consumption in hypothyroid rats.
Anti-bacterial Activities :
o It has been reported that the essential oil, chloroform extract and seven
sesquiterpenoid compounds from the oleo-gum-resin of Commiphora mukul
showed the inhibitory action against both gram-positive and gram-negative
bacteria. And hence, is effectively used as traditional antibiotics for treating
acne.
Anti-Acne effect :
o Guggulipid has been reported to be effective in the treatment of Nodulo-cystic
acne.
o Patients with Nodulo-cystic acne had shown progressive reduction in lesions when
received Guggulipid for 3 months and patients with oily faces, the acne responded
better to Guggulipid.
57. Antioxidant effects :
o Commiphora mukul extracts have been reported to possess antioxidant
properties by inhibits the production of oxygen free radicals and prevents
several tissues from damage. It is helpful for oxidative stress associated
disease such as heart and nerve damage.
Anti-cancer Activities
o Guggulsterone has been shown to suppress proliferation, invasion,
angiogenesis and metastasis of tumour cells.
o Various mechanisms have been suggested to explain the anti-carcinogenic
effects of Guggulsterone, including suppression of inflammation and
inhibition of nuclear receptors, transcription factors, inflammatory cytokines,
apoptotic proteins and cell cycle–related proteins.
o Proliferation: Guggulsterone suppresses the growth and proliferation of a
wide variety of tumor cells, including leukemia, head and neck carcinoma,
multiple myeloma, lung carcinoma, breast carcinoma and ovarian carcinoma.
58. o “Ferulates” an important bioactive constituent identified from the
Guggul gum and play a significant role in in-vitro cytotoxicity by
decreasing the cell viability in MCF-7 (breast) tumor cells, PC-3
(prostate) tumor cells, and in parental and transfected P388 cells .
Therefore ferulates compounds used in the methods for prevention
and treatment of abnormal cell growth and proliferation of
inflammation, neoplasia, and cardiovascular disease.