The document is a tutorial on Long Term Evolution (LTE) technology. It provides an introduction and overview of LTE, including the architecture and components of LTE networks. It describes the LTE radio interface in detail, covering the protocol layers, channels, scheduling, and physical layer specifications. It also discusses the Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (MBMS) standard for delivering broadcast and multicast content in LTE networks.
The document discusses an LTE training course agenda presented by the OAI Project Team. It covers topics including LTE overview, channels in LTE, cell search procedure, system information, and random access procedure. For each topic, it provides outlines, descriptions, and diagrams. The random access procedure section explains its main purpose is to achieve uplink synchronization and assign a unique UE identifier C-RNTI.
The document describes the air interface protocols in LTE including the protocol stack and functions of each layer. The key points are:
- The protocol stack has physical, MAC, RLC, and PDCP layers, along with RRC for control and NAS for non-radio functions.
- The physical layer uses OFDMA for downlink and SC-FDMA for uplink, and provides basic transmission over the air interface.
- MAC handles transport channels, priority, and HARQ. RLC provides segmentation, reassembly, and error correction.
- PDCP performs header compression and ciphering. RRC handles mobility, security, QoS, and NAS message transfer.
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Oea000000 lte principle fundamental issue 1.01Ndukwe Amandi
This document provides an overview of LTE systems and technologies. It describes LTE's development through 3GPP releases, its network architecture as an all-IP flat network, and its key air interface technologies including OFDMA, SC-FDMA, MIMO, and adaptive modulation and coding. The document also outlines LTE's protocol stacks, channels, and deployment considerations for a smooth evolution from 2G/3G networks to 4G LTE.
This document provides an overview of the 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) physical layer. Key points include:
- LTE uses OFDM on the downlink and SC-FDMA on the uplink to provide peak data rates of 100 Mbps downlink and 50 Mbps uplink.
- OFDM divides the available bandwidth into multiple narrow subcarriers to combat multipath interference and eliminate inter-symbol interference.
- The document discusses technologies like OFDMA, MIMO, and the LTE frame structure in depth.
- The physical layer supports scalable bandwidths from 1.25 MHz to 20 MHz and multiple antenna configurations on uplink and downlink.
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The document is a tutorial on Long Term Evolution (LTE) technology. It provides an overview of LTE architecture, which includes the Evolved Packet Core and E-UTRAN access network. It also describes the LTE radio interface protocol layers and channels. The document discusses topics like LTE scheduling, hybrid ARQ, and the Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service in LTE.
This document discusses WCDMA channels at different levels including logical channels, transport channels, and physical channels. It provides details on:
- Logical channels describe the type of information transferred and include control and traffic channels.
- Transport channels describe how logical channels are transferred over the interface and include dedicated and common channels.
- Physical channels provide the transmission medium and are defined by specific codes. They include channels like DPDCH, DPCCH, PDSCH, PRACH, and CPICH.
- The document also discusses the radio frame structure in WCDMA and details on different physical channel types and their characteristics.
This document provides an overview of the LTE physical channel structure and procedures between the eNB and UE. It describes the LTE architecture and introduces the main physical channels including downlink channels like PBCH, PDCCH, PDSCH and uplink channels like PUSCH, PUCCH, PRACH. It explains the channel mapping and provides examples of the initial access procedure and synchronization signal transmission. Key concepts covered are radio interface protocol stacks, channel coding, multiple access, and reference signals.
The document discusses an LTE training course agenda presented by the OAI Project Team. It covers topics including LTE overview, channels in LTE, cell search procedure, system information, and random access procedure. For each topic, it provides outlines, descriptions, and diagrams. The random access procedure section explains its main purpose is to achieve uplink synchronization and assign a unique UE identifier C-RNTI.
The document describes the air interface protocols in LTE including the protocol stack and functions of each layer. The key points are:
- The protocol stack has physical, MAC, RLC, and PDCP layers, along with RRC for control and NAS for non-radio functions.
- The physical layer uses OFDMA for downlink and SC-FDMA for uplink, and provides basic transmission over the air interface.
- MAC handles transport channels, priority, and HARQ. RLC provides segmentation, reassembly, and error correction.
- PDCP performs header compression and ciphering. RRC handles mobility, security, QoS, and NAS message transfer.
-
Oea000000 lte principle fundamental issue 1.01Ndukwe Amandi
This document provides an overview of LTE systems and technologies. It describes LTE's development through 3GPP releases, its network architecture as an all-IP flat network, and its key air interface technologies including OFDMA, SC-FDMA, MIMO, and adaptive modulation and coding. The document also outlines LTE's protocol stacks, channels, and deployment considerations for a smooth evolution from 2G/3G networks to 4G LTE.
This document provides an overview of the 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) physical layer. Key points include:
- LTE uses OFDM on the downlink and SC-FDMA on the uplink to provide peak data rates of 100 Mbps downlink and 50 Mbps uplink.
- OFDM divides the available bandwidth into multiple narrow subcarriers to combat multipath interference and eliminate inter-symbol interference.
- The document discusses technologies like OFDMA, MIMO, and the LTE frame structure in depth.
- The physical layer supports scalable bandwidths from 1.25 MHz to 20 MHz and multiple antenna configurations on uplink and downlink.
-
The document is a tutorial on Long Term Evolution (LTE) technology. It provides an overview of LTE architecture, which includes the Evolved Packet Core and E-UTRAN access network. It also describes the LTE radio interface protocol layers and channels. The document discusses topics like LTE scheduling, hybrid ARQ, and the Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service in LTE.
This document discusses WCDMA channels at different levels including logical channels, transport channels, and physical channels. It provides details on:
- Logical channels describe the type of information transferred and include control and traffic channels.
- Transport channels describe how logical channels are transferred over the interface and include dedicated and common channels.
- Physical channels provide the transmission medium and are defined by specific codes. They include channels like DPDCH, DPCCH, PDSCH, PRACH, and CPICH.
- The document also discusses the radio frame structure in WCDMA and details on different physical channel types and their characteristics.
This document provides an overview of the LTE physical channel structure and procedures between the eNB and UE. It describes the LTE architecture and introduces the main physical channels including downlink channels like PBCH, PDCCH, PDSCH and uplink channels like PUSCH, PUCCH, PRACH. It explains the channel mapping and provides examples of the initial access procedure and synchronization signal transmission. Key concepts covered are radio interface protocol stacks, channel coding, multiple access, and reference signals.
The document discusses the evolution of 3G networks to LTE networks. It describes key technologies such as OFDMA, SC-FDMA, and MIMO that improve spectral efficiency and throughput. The LTE network architecture is presented, including elements such as the E-UTRAN, MME, serving gateway, PDN gateway, and HSS. The interfaces between these elements are also outlined.
This document provides an introduction to LTE/E-UTRA technology, including both FDD and TDD modes of operation. It describes the key requirements for UMTS Long Term Evolution such as high data rates, low latency, and improved spectrum efficiency compared to previous standards. The document then covers various aspects of the LTE standard, including the OFDMA downlink and SC-FDMA uplink transmission schemes, MIMO concepts, protocol architecture, UE capabilities, and testing considerations. Abbreviations used and additional references are also provided.
This document provides an overview of LTE air interface concepts including:
- Main LTE features such as frequency bands and mobility protocols.
- The LTE protocol stack including layers such as RRC, PDCP, RLC, MAC and physical.
- LTE channel types including logical, transport, and physical channels.
- Key physical channel functions like reference signals, synchronization signals, broadcast channels, and control channels.
- Uplink/downlink channel structures including time and frequency domain configurations.
TTI bundling is a technique used in LTE to improve uplink coverage for voice calls by transmitting the same transport block containing voice data over multiple consecutive subframes without waiting for HARQ feedback. This provides a coding gain of up to 4dB compared to single subframe transmission, allowing power-limited UEs at the cell edge to be received with sufficient quality. TTI bundling can be implemented in both FDD and TDD LTE networks but with some differences due to limitations on consecutive uplink subframes in TDD configurations. It provides lower latency voice transmission compared to alternatives like RLC segmentation while reducing overhead.
This document provides an overview of the LTE radio layer 2, radio resource control (RRC), and radio access network architecture. It discusses the E-UTRAN architecture including eNodeBs, home eNodeBs, and relays. It describes the user plane including bearer services, the user plane protocol stack with PDCP, RLC, and MAC layers, and security and transport functions. It also outlines the control plane including connection control and RRC states, and highlights features like interoperability, self-organizing networks, positioning, broadcasting, latency evaluations, and LTE-Advanced.
Overview of LTE Air-Interface Technical White PaperGoing LTE
1) The document discusses Long Term Evolution (LTE), a planned evolution of the 3G UMTS mobile communications standard to improve speed and capacity.
2) It provides an overview of the new LTE E-UTRA air interface, including performance requirements, key technologies like OFDM for downlink and SC-FDMA for uplink, frame structure, and control channel design.
3) Initial system simulations show LTE can provide 2-3x the throughput of existing 3G systems for both uplink and downlink.
1. The document discusses key performance indicators (KPI) for LTE networks in Korea, which has very high standards for call setup success rates, call drop rates, and call completion rates.
2. It provides an overview of the LTE camping procedure, including system selection, cell selection criteria, and different cell categories that UEs can camp on.
3. It explains the LTE random access procedure for both contention-based and non-contention based access, including the four-step process and different preamble formats.
The document discusses LTE channels and the MAC layer. It describes the functions of the MAC layer, including mapping between transparent and logical channels, error correction through HARQ, and priority handling with dynamic scheduling. It then provides details on the LTE downlink channels, including both logical channels like PCCH, BCCH, CCCH, and DCCH, as well as transport channels like PCH, BCH, DL-SCH, MCH, and PDCCH.
The document provides an overview of LTE physical layer specifications including OFDMA frame structure, resource block structure, protocol architecture, physical channel structure and procedures, UE measurements like RSRP and RSRQ, and key enabling technologies of LTE such as OFDM, SC-FDMA, and MIMO. It describes the LTE requirements for high peak data rates, low latency, support for high mobility users, and enhanced broadcast services.
The document discusses the commonalities and differences between Time Division Duplexing (TDD) and Frequency Division Duplexing (FDD) modes in the Long Term Evolution (LTE) air interface. Key commonalities include using the same radio interface schemes, subframe formats, network architecture, and air interface protocols. Key differences are that TDD uses the same frequency band for both uplink and downlink while FDD requires paired spectrum, and TDD UEs do not need a duplex filter while FDD UEs do.
UMTS-WCDMA is a 3G mobile communication standard that uses CDMA technology. It uses wideband CDMA with a chip rate of 3.84 Mcps for its air interface along with orthogonal variable spreading factor codes. The standard defines protocols and procedures for cell search, handover, uplink and downlink physical channels, and support for multirate services through variable spreading factors. Long term targets for UMTS-WCDMA evolution include higher data rates up to 100 Mbps for full mobility and 1 Gbps for low mobility, as well as improved spectral efficiency.
LTE (Long Term Evolution) is a 4G wireless technology designed to support higher data speeds and capacities. It uses OFDMA for the downlink and SC-FDMA for the uplink. LTE supports MIMO to increase data rates through multiple antennas. The LTE network architecture consists of the eNodeB base stations, Mobility Management Entity (MME) for control plane functions, Serving Gateway (SGW) for user plane functions, and Packet Data Network Gateway (PGW) connecting to external networks. Voice can be supported in LTE through Circuit Switched Fallback (CSFB) to legacy networks or using Voice over LTE (VoLTE) with IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS
This document provides an overview of RRC procedures in LTE as specified in 3GPP 36.331. It describes important changes in the RRC specification for LTE compared to legacy 3G systems, including having only two RRC states (RRC_IDLE and RRC_CONNECTED) compared to five states in 3G, and three defined signaling radio bearers compared to four in 3G. The purpose is to help developers and test engineers understand LTE RRC features and procedures. Key procedures described include paging, RRC connection establishment, reconfiguration, re-establishment, security activation, and handover.
This document provides an overview of the key components and protocols in 3G and 4G mobile networks. It includes a high-level diagram of the overall 4G architecture and summaries of protocols like S1, X2, NAS, RRC. Key concepts covered include the PDCP, RLC, MAC and PHY layers, QoS classes, paging, attachment, handover procedures between eNodeBs and between 4G and 3G networks.
The document summarizes the air interface protocol stack and channels in LTE. It discusses:
1. The protocol stack includes application, IP, and transport layers that process data and signaling messages. These pass to the physical layer which has transport, physical channel, and analog processors.
2. Logical, transport, and physical channels carry data and control information between protocol layers. Logical channels include dedicated and common channels. Transport channels include shared, broadcast, multicast and random access channels.
3. Physical channels are distinguished by how the physical layer manipulates and maps them. Major channels include shared, broadcast, multicast, random access and control channels.
The document provides an overview of LTE and its evolution from previous cellular standards. It discusses the targets of LTE including high data rates up to 100 Mbps, low latency, high spectral efficiency, and flexibility in spectrum and bandwidth. It also describes the EPS architecture with E-UTRAN, EPC, and the air interface structure of LTE including OFDMA in the downlink and SC-FDMA in the uplink. Key layers like the PHY, MAC, and RLC layers are also summarized.
This document summarizes LTE mobile measurement events and timers used for reporting. It describes the primary and secondary cell definitions and lists the common measurement events A1-A6 and B1-B2. It also outlines various UE timers used for connection establishment, reestablishment, measurement reporting and cell reselection.
This document provides an overview of LTE technology including:
- The evolution of 3G UMTS networks and the motivation for developing LTE standards.
- Key requirements for LTE such as higher data rates, improved spectrum efficiency, and reduced latency.
- An overview of LTE release versions and their major features such as OFDMA, SC-FDMA, E-UTRAN architecture.
- LTE frequency bands and the expansion of spectrum for 3GPP standards.
- How LTE-Advanced builds upon LTE to meet IMT-Advanced specifications including carrier aggregation and advanced MIMO.
This document discusses testing of VOIP call quality over a WiMAX network with and without Quality of Service (QoS). Three VOIP call scenarios were tested: 1) between a WiMAX user and GSM user, 2) between a WiMAX user and fixed user, and 3) between two WiMAX users. Key VOIP quality metrics like packet loss, jitter, delay, and Mean Opinion Score improved significantly with QoS in all scenarios. The greatest improvement was seen when both ends were WiMAX users. Based on these results, the document recommends integrating an Alcatel-Lucent Service Broker to provide dynamic QoS in order to ensure good VOIP call quality as data traffic on the WiMAX network increases
The document discusses a live LTE advanced demonstration at the LTE MENA 2014 conference booth featuring carrier aggregation technology delivering 300Mbps download speeds to a single user device. The demo utilized dual-band transmission across frequency bands 3 and 20 using radio remote heads and a Category 6 user equipment device to achieve speeds of 292Mbps to a single user.
This document from EventHelix.com provides information about 3GPP LTE channels and the MAC layer. It describes the different logical and transport channels used in LTE, including the functions of the MAC layer such as mapping channels, error correction, and priority handling. Diagrams and explanations are provided for the downlink and uplink channel architectures, as well as the physical layer channels and signaling procedures like random access.
The document discusses the evolution of 3G networks to LTE networks. It describes key technologies such as OFDMA, SC-FDMA, and MIMO that improve spectral efficiency and throughput. The LTE network architecture is presented, including elements such as the E-UTRAN, MME, serving gateway, PDN gateway, and HSS. The interfaces between these elements are also outlined.
This document provides an introduction to LTE/E-UTRA technology, including both FDD and TDD modes of operation. It describes the key requirements for UMTS Long Term Evolution such as high data rates, low latency, and improved spectrum efficiency compared to previous standards. The document then covers various aspects of the LTE standard, including the OFDMA downlink and SC-FDMA uplink transmission schemes, MIMO concepts, protocol architecture, UE capabilities, and testing considerations. Abbreviations used and additional references are also provided.
This document provides an overview of LTE air interface concepts including:
- Main LTE features such as frequency bands and mobility protocols.
- The LTE protocol stack including layers such as RRC, PDCP, RLC, MAC and physical.
- LTE channel types including logical, transport, and physical channels.
- Key physical channel functions like reference signals, synchronization signals, broadcast channels, and control channels.
- Uplink/downlink channel structures including time and frequency domain configurations.
TTI bundling is a technique used in LTE to improve uplink coverage for voice calls by transmitting the same transport block containing voice data over multiple consecutive subframes without waiting for HARQ feedback. This provides a coding gain of up to 4dB compared to single subframe transmission, allowing power-limited UEs at the cell edge to be received with sufficient quality. TTI bundling can be implemented in both FDD and TDD LTE networks but with some differences due to limitations on consecutive uplink subframes in TDD configurations. It provides lower latency voice transmission compared to alternatives like RLC segmentation while reducing overhead.
This document provides an overview of the LTE radio layer 2, radio resource control (RRC), and radio access network architecture. It discusses the E-UTRAN architecture including eNodeBs, home eNodeBs, and relays. It describes the user plane including bearer services, the user plane protocol stack with PDCP, RLC, and MAC layers, and security and transport functions. It also outlines the control plane including connection control and RRC states, and highlights features like interoperability, self-organizing networks, positioning, broadcasting, latency evaluations, and LTE-Advanced.
Overview of LTE Air-Interface Technical White PaperGoing LTE
1) The document discusses Long Term Evolution (LTE), a planned evolution of the 3G UMTS mobile communications standard to improve speed and capacity.
2) It provides an overview of the new LTE E-UTRA air interface, including performance requirements, key technologies like OFDM for downlink and SC-FDMA for uplink, frame structure, and control channel design.
3) Initial system simulations show LTE can provide 2-3x the throughput of existing 3G systems for both uplink and downlink.
1. The document discusses key performance indicators (KPI) for LTE networks in Korea, which has very high standards for call setup success rates, call drop rates, and call completion rates.
2. It provides an overview of the LTE camping procedure, including system selection, cell selection criteria, and different cell categories that UEs can camp on.
3. It explains the LTE random access procedure for both contention-based and non-contention based access, including the four-step process and different preamble formats.
The document discusses LTE channels and the MAC layer. It describes the functions of the MAC layer, including mapping between transparent and logical channels, error correction through HARQ, and priority handling with dynamic scheduling. It then provides details on the LTE downlink channels, including both logical channels like PCCH, BCCH, CCCH, and DCCH, as well as transport channels like PCH, BCH, DL-SCH, MCH, and PDCCH.
The document provides an overview of LTE physical layer specifications including OFDMA frame structure, resource block structure, protocol architecture, physical channel structure and procedures, UE measurements like RSRP and RSRQ, and key enabling technologies of LTE such as OFDM, SC-FDMA, and MIMO. It describes the LTE requirements for high peak data rates, low latency, support for high mobility users, and enhanced broadcast services.
The document discusses the commonalities and differences between Time Division Duplexing (TDD) and Frequency Division Duplexing (FDD) modes in the Long Term Evolution (LTE) air interface. Key commonalities include using the same radio interface schemes, subframe formats, network architecture, and air interface protocols. Key differences are that TDD uses the same frequency band for both uplink and downlink while FDD requires paired spectrum, and TDD UEs do not need a duplex filter while FDD UEs do.
UMTS-WCDMA is a 3G mobile communication standard that uses CDMA technology. It uses wideband CDMA with a chip rate of 3.84 Mcps for its air interface along with orthogonal variable spreading factor codes. The standard defines protocols and procedures for cell search, handover, uplink and downlink physical channels, and support for multirate services through variable spreading factors. Long term targets for UMTS-WCDMA evolution include higher data rates up to 100 Mbps for full mobility and 1 Gbps for low mobility, as well as improved spectral efficiency.
LTE (Long Term Evolution) is a 4G wireless technology designed to support higher data speeds and capacities. It uses OFDMA for the downlink and SC-FDMA for the uplink. LTE supports MIMO to increase data rates through multiple antennas. The LTE network architecture consists of the eNodeB base stations, Mobility Management Entity (MME) for control plane functions, Serving Gateway (SGW) for user plane functions, and Packet Data Network Gateway (PGW) connecting to external networks. Voice can be supported in LTE through Circuit Switched Fallback (CSFB) to legacy networks or using Voice over LTE (VoLTE) with IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS
This document provides an overview of RRC procedures in LTE as specified in 3GPP 36.331. It describes important changes in the RRC specification for LTE compared to legacy 3G systems, including having only two RRC states (RRC_IDLE and RRC_CONNECTED) compared to five states in 3G, and three defined signaling radio bearers compared to four in 3G. The purpose is to help developers and test engineers understand LTE RRC features and procedures. Key procedures described include paging, RRC connection establishment, reconfiguration, re-establishment, security activation, and handover.
This document provides an overview of the key components and protocols in 3G and 4G mobile networks. It includes a high-level diagram of the overall 4G architecture and summaries of protocols like S1, X2, NAS, RRC. Key concepts covered include the PDCP, RLC, MAC and PHY layers, QoS classes, paging, attachment, handover procedures between eNodeBs and between 4G and 3G networks.
The document summarizes the air interface protocol stack and channels in LTE. It discusses:
1. The protocol stack includes application, IP, and transport layers that process data and signaling messages. These pass to the physical layer which has transport, physical channel, and analog processors.
2. Logical, transport, and physical channels carry data and control information between protocol layers. Logical channels include dedicated and common channels. Transport channels include shared, broadcast, multicast and random access channels.
3. Physical channels are distinguished by how the physical layer manipulates and maps them. Major channels include shared, broadcast, multicast, random access and control channels.
The document provides an overview of LTE and its evolution from previous cellular standards. It discusses the targets of LTE including high data rates up to 100 Mbps, low latency, high spectral efficiency, and flexibility in spectrum and bandwidth. It also describes the EPS architecture with E-UTRAN, EPC, and the air interface structure of LTE including OFDMA in the downlink and SC-FDMA in the uplink. Key layers like the PHY, MAC, and RLC layers are also summarized.
This document summarizes LTE mobile measurement events and timers used for reporting. It describes the primary and secondary cell definitions and lists the common measurement events A1-A6 and B1-B2. It also outlines various UE timers used for connection establishment, reestablishment, measurement reporting and cell reselection.
This document provides an overview of LTE technology including:
- The evolution of 3G UMTS networks and the motivation for developing LTE standards.
- Key requirements for LTE such as higher data rates, improved spectrum efficiency, and reduced latency.
- An overview of LTE release versions and their major features such as OFDMA, SC-FDMA, E-UTRAN architecture.
- LTE frequency bands and the expansion of spectrum for 3GPP standards.
- How LTE-Advanced builds upon LTE to meet IMT-Advanced specifications including carrier aggregation and advanced MIMO.
This document discusses testing of VOIP call quality over a WiMAX network with and without Quality of Service (QoS). Three VOIP call scenarios were tested: 1) between a WiMAX user and GSM user, 2) between a WiMAX user and fixed user, and 3) between two WiMAX users. Key VOIP quality metrics like packet loss, jitter, delay, and Mean Opinion Score improved significantly with QoS in all scenarios. The greatest improvement was seen when both ends were WiMAX users. Based on these results, the document recommends integrating an Alcatel-Lucent Service Broker to provide dynamic QoS in order to ensure good VOIP call quality as data traffic on the WiMAX network increases
The document discusses a live LTE advanced demonstration at the LTE MENA 2014 conference booth featuring carrier aggregation technology delivering 300Mbps download speeds to a single user device. The demo utilized dual-band transmission across frequency bands 3 and 20 using radio remote heads and a Category 6 user equipment device to achieve speeds of 292Mbps to a single user.
This document from EventHelix.com provides information about 3GPP LTE channels and the MAC layer. It describes the different logical and transport channels used in LTE, including the functions of the MAC layer such as mapping channels, error correction, and priority handling. Diagrams and explanations are provided for the downlink and uplink channel architectures, as well as the physical layer channels and signaling procedures like random access.
The document discusses how intelligence, through software systems and self-organizing capabilities, is driving innovation with femto-powered small cells. It describes how Ubiquisys is a pioneer in intelligent femtocells and offers various types of small cells for residential, enterprise, metro, and rural use. These small cells use intelligence and software to provide coverage, capacity, and seamless connectivity through self-configuration, interference mitigation, and dynamic optimization of network performance.
Overview slide deck on LTE FDD and TDD, including the drivers, benefits, business opportunities, standardization, spectrum, network commitments, trials, planned launches, eco-system/devices, LTE-Advanced
This presentation draws upon the Evolution to LTE Information Paper published by GSA on August 26, 2010 (available at www.gsacom.com)
2007 TD-SCDMA TD-LTE Evolution by TD Tech Ltd. CEO Klaus Malertd.tech
Evolution of TD-SCDMA to TD-LTE Presentation by Mr. Klaus Maler, CEO of TD Tech Ltd.
TD Tech is a Joint Venture of Nokia Siemens Networks and Huawei headquartered in Beijing China, supplying premium class Radio Access Network products to the worldmarket, compliant with ITU and 3GPP Standards.
The document provides a technical overview of 3GPP LTE (Long Term Evolution), including:
1) An overview of cellular wireless system evolution from 1G to 4G, and the standardization bodies 3GPP and 3GPP2.
2) Key technologies enabling LTE such as OFDMA, SC-FDMA, MIMO, and the requirements and specifications of the LTE standard.
3) The network architecture of LTE consisting of the E-UTRAN, EPC, and protocols.
Do LTE and Femtocells Need One Another?Peter Jarich
This document discusses the intersection between LTE and femtocells. It argues that while LTE is moving forward without femtocells in terms of public capacity needs, the residential use case for femtocells is more complicated due to issues like home WiFi networks, coverage versus capacity needs, and the capabilities of 3G technologies. It concludes that for femtocells to succeed in the LTE era will require subsidies, applications that drive data usage, a clearer LTE narrative beyond just network capacity, the development of multi-standard femtocells, and continued evangelism efforts.
Report :- MIMO features In WiMAX and LTE: An OverviewPrav_Kalyan
This document provides an overview of MIMO techniques used in WiMAX and LTE wireless standards. It discusses key MIMO concepts like diversity, spatial multiplexing, and beamforming. For diversity, it describes transmit and receive diversity techniques like space-time coding. For spatial multiplexing, it explains how multiple low data rate streams can be transmitted in parallel to increase capacity. For beamforming, it notes the technique focuses transmission in a specific direction to improve signal gain and coverage. The document also provides high-level descriptions of open-loop and closed-loop MIMO schemes in WiMAX and LTE.
The document summarizes an ITU/BDT workshop on 4G wireless systems and LTE technology. It provides an overview of LTE design targets and multiple access technologies. Key points include: LTE aims to support peak data rates of 100Mbps downlink and 50Mbps uplink, reduce latency to less than 5ms, and improve spectrum efficiency over previous standards. The simplified LTE/SAE architecture relies on Evolved Node Bs without RNCs and uses IP transport with OFDMA, MIMO, and frequency domain scheduling to improve flexibility and performance.
LTE Release 10, also known as LTE-Advanced, provides significant enhancements over LTE Release 8 including support for wider bandwidths up to 100MHz using carrier aggregation, advanced MIMO techniques up to 8-layer transmission, heterogeneous networks and interference coordination, and relaying to improve coverage and throughput. It aims to fulfill the requirements for ITU's IMT-Advanced specification.
Overview slide set on LTE FDD and TDD, including the drivers, benefits, business opportunities, standardization, spectrum, network commitments, trials, planned launches, eco-system/devices, LTE-Advanced
This presentation draws primarily upon the Evolution to LTE Information Paper published by GSA on June 7, 2010 (available at www.gsacom.com)
Small Cells & the Enterprise: Release 2 by Gordon Mansfield SC Americas 13Small Cell Forum
Presentation to launch Release 2: Enterprise at Small Cells Americas in Dallas, December 2013. Slides delivered to open the conference by Gordon Mansfield, AVP Small Cell Solutions at AT&T and Chair of the Small Cell Forum.
This document provides an overview of LTE (Long Term Evolution) technology, including its network architecture, modulation techniques, and throughput calculation. It discusses key aspects of LTE such as OFDM, OFDMA, adaptive modulation and coding, MIMO antennas, and the use of SC-FDMA for uplink transmission. Diagrams and equations are presented to illustrate LTE resource blocks, modulation schemes, and how to calculate throughput at the MAC layer for different bandwidths, modulation types, and MIMO configurations. The purpose is to introduce basic concepts of LTE for telecommunications engineering students.
This document provides an overview of LTE and EPC networks. It describes the evolution of wireless networks from 1G to 4G technologies such as LTE. It outlines the key components of the LTE/EPC network architecture including eNodeBs, MMEs, SGWs, and PGWs. It also describes the tracking area and connection state concepts for mobility management in LTE networks. Finally, it discusses EPS bearers which provide the identity and connectivity for data transmission from the UE through the EUTRAN and EPC to external networks.
Self-Configuration and Self-Optimization NetworkPraveen Kumar
The document discusses self-configuration and self-optimization capabilities in cellular networks. It describes functions like dynamic configuration of interfaces between network elements, automatic neighbor relation functions to detect neighboring cells, and framework for physical channel identification selection. It also covers self-optimization aspects like energy saving, interference reduction, mobility robustness optimization, load balancing optimization, and interference coordination.
The document discusses self-organizing networks (SON). It defines SON as an automation technology to simplify network management. SON has three main areas: self-configuration, self-optimization, and self-healing. Self-configuration allows for automatic configuration of new base stations. Self-optimization continually adjusts network parameters to optimize coverage, capacity, and interference. Self-healing enables automatic detection and resolution of faults to temporarily work around problems until permanent solutions are implemented. The benefits of SON include reduced costs, improved network performance and user experience, and more optimized use of resources.
This document provides an overview of 4G LTE and VoLTE technologies. It discusses the history and development of LTE by 3GPP as the 4th generation mobile network standard. Key features of LTE include OFDM transmission, spectrum flexibility to operate on various bandwidths, advanced antenna techniques like MIMO, and support for IP-based voice and data services. The document also outlines services, applications, technologies used in 4G networks and their advantages over 3G, as well as challenges in deploying 4G.
The document is a tutorial on Long Term Evolution (LTE) technology. It provides an outline and overview of LTE architecture and components, including the Evolved Packet Core and E-UTRAN networks. It also describes the LTE radio interface protocol layers of PDCP, RLC, MAC and PHY and how they handle communication channels and error correction using Hybrid ARQ.
This tutorial has been designed for audiences with a need to understand the LTE technology basics in very simple terms. This tutorial will give you enough understanding on LTE technology from where you can take yourself at higher level of expertise.
참고자료 7. Introduction to LTE and LTE-A.pptelhadim24
This document provides an overview of 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) and LTE-Advanced cellular technologies. It discusses the history and basic concepts of LTE, including the use of OFDMA and SC-FDMA. Key features of LTE Release 8 are outlined, such as support for variable bandwidths. The document then introduces LTE-Advanced, describing technologies like asymmetric bandwidth and enhanced MIMO to improve performance. It concludes by noting LTE-Advanced will integrate networks and services to meet increasing user demands.
The document provides an overview of 3GPP LTE (Long Term Evolution) technology. Key points include:
- LTE is designed to provide high-speed data and media transport with high-capacity voice support through the next decade.
- It enables high-performance mobile broadband services using high bitrates and system throughput in both uplink and downlink with low latency.
- The LTE infrastructure is designed to be simple to deploy and operate across flexible frequency bands from less than 5MHz to 20MHz.
- The LTE-SAE architecture reduces network nodes and supports flexible configurations for high service availability across multiple standards.
Lte training an introduction-to-lte-basicsSaurabh Verma
The document provides an overview of LTE (Long Term Evolution) technology. It discusses that LTE was standardized by 3GPP in 2008 to improve the performance and efficiency of wireless networks. Key aspects of LTE include the use of OFDMA for downlink and SC-FDMA for uplink, support for flexible bandwidths, and an evolved packet core network architecture. LTE aims to provide higher speeds, lower latency, and more efficient use of spectrum compared to previous 3G technologies.
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Long Term Evolution (LTE) is a new cellular technology that provides significantly faster data speeds of up to 150 Mbps downstream and 50 Mbps upstream. LTE uses an all-IP network and aims to support new applications requiring high data rates like video calling. The document provides an overview of the LTE protocol stack and how data packets move through it. It describes the different layers including the MAC, RLC, and PDCP layers and how packets are scheduled, transmitted, acknowledged and retransmitted in the downlink and uplink directions. Key aspects like quality of service, mobility management, power saving modes are also summarized.
Long Term Evolution (LTE) is a cellular technology that provides significantly faster data speeds of up to 150 Mbps downstream and 50 Mbps upstream. This document provides an overview of the LTE protocol stack, tracing the path of a data packet through the layers from physical to medium access control to radio link control and packet data convergence protocol. Key aspects of LTE operation discussed include hybrid automatic repeat request for error correction, scheduling, quality of service controls, handovers between base stations, and power saving modes.
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1. Long Term Evolution (LTE) - A Tutorial
Ahmed Hamza
aah10@cs.sfu.ca
Network Systems Laboratory
Simon Fraser University
October 13, 2009
Ahmed Hamza Long Term Evolution (LTE) - A Tutorial October 13, 2009 1 / 48
2. Outline
1 Introduction
2 LTE Architecture
3 LTE Radio Interface
4 Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Service
5 LTE Deployment Considerations
6 Work Related to Video Streaming
7 Conclusions
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3. Introduction
Outline
1 Introduction
2 LTE Architecture
3 LTE Radio Interface
4 Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Service
5 LTE Deployment Considerations
6 Work Related to Video Streaming
7 Conclusions
Ahmed Hamza Long Term Evolution (LTE) - A Tutorial October 13, 2009 3 / 48
4. Introduction
Introduction
In November 2004 3GPP began a project to define the long-term
evolution of UMTS cellular technology.
Related pecifications are formally known as the evolved UMTS
terrestrial radio access (E-UTRA) and evolved UMTS terrestrial
radio access network (E-UTRAN).
First version is documented in Release 8 of the 3GPP
specifications.
Commercial deployment not expected before 2010, but there are
currently many field trials.
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6. Introduction
Next Generation Mobile Network (NGMN) Alliance
19 worldwide leading mobile operators
Ahmed Hamza Long Term Evolution (LTE) - A Tutorial October 13, 2009 6 / 48
7. Introduction
LTE Targets
Higher performance
100 Mbit/s peak downlink, 50 Mbit/s peak uplink
1G for LTE Advanced
Faster cell edge performance
Reduced latency (to 10 ms) for better user experience
Scalable bandwidth up to 20 MHz
Backwards compatible
Works with GSM/EDGE/UMTS systems
Utilizes existing 2G and 3G spectrum and new spectrum
Supports hand-over and roaming to existing mobile networks
Reduced capex/opex via simple architecture
reuse of existing sites and multi-vendor sourcing
Wide application
TDD (unpaired) and FDD (paired) spectrum modes
Mobility up to 350kph
Large range of terminals (phones and PCs to cameras)
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8. LTE Architecture
Outline
1 Introduction
2 LTE Architecture
3 LTE Radio Interface
4 Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Service
5 LTE Deployment Considerations
6 Work Related to Video Streaming
7 Conclusions
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9. LTE Architecture
LTE Architecture
LTE encompasses the evolution of:
the radio access through the E-UTRAN
the non-radio aspects under the term System Architecture
Evolution (SAE)
Entire system composed of both LTE and SAE is called the
Evolved Packet System (EPS)
At a high-level, the network is comprised of:
Core Network (CN), called Evolved Packet Core (EPC) in SAE
access network (E-UTRAN)
A bearer is an IP packet flow with a defined QoS between the
gateway and the User Terminal (UE)
CN is responsible for overall control of UE and establishment of
the bearers
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11. LTE Architecture
LTE Architecture
Main logical nodes in EPC are:
PDN Gateway (P-GW)
Serving Gateway (S-GW)
Mobility Management Entity (MME)
EPC also includes other nodes and functions, such:
Home Subscriber Server (HSS)
Policy Control and Charging Rules Function (PCRF)
EPS only provides a bearer path of a certain QoS, control of
multimedia applications is provided by the IP Multimedia
Subsystem (IMS), which considered outside of EPS
E-UTRAN solely contains the evolved base stations, called
eNodeB or eNB
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13. LTE Radio Interface
Outline
1 Introduction
2 LTE Architecture
3 LTE Radio Interface
4 Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Service
5 LTE Deployment Considerations
6 Work Related to Video Streaming
7 Conclusions
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14. LTE Radio Interface
LTE Radio Interface Architecture
eNB and UE have control plane and data plane protocol layers
Data enters
processing chain in
the form of IP
packets on one of
the SAE bearers
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15. LTE Radio Interface
Protocol Layers
IP packets are passed through multiple protocol entities:
Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP)
IP header compression based on Robust Header Compression
(ROHC)
ciphering and integrity protection of transmitted data
Radio Link Control (RLC)
segmentation/concatenation
retransmission handling
in-sequence delivery to higher layers
Medium Access Control (MAC)
handles hybrid-ARQ retransmissions
uplink and downlink scheduling at the eNodeB
Physical Layer (PHY)
coding/decoding
modulation/demodulation (OFDM)
multi-antenna mapping
other typical physical layer functions
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16. LTE Radio Interface
Communication Channels
RLC offers services to PDCP in the form of radio bearers
MAC offers services to RLC in the form of logical channels
PHY offers services to MAC in the form of transport channels
A logical channel is defined by the type of information it carries.
Generally classified as:
a control channel, used for transmission of control and
configuration information necessary for operating an LTE system
a traffic channel, used for the user data
A transport channel is defined by how and
with what characteristics the information is transmitted over the
radio interface
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17. LTE Radio Interface
Channel Mapping
BCCH: Broadcast
CCCH: Common
PCCH: Paging
MCCH: Multicast
DCCH: Dedicated
DTCH: Dedicated Traffic
MTCH: Multicast Traffic
DL-SCH: Downlink Shared
MCH: Multicast
BCH: Broadcast
PCH: Paging
Ahmed Hamza Long Term Evolution (LTE) - A Tutorial October 13, 2009 17 / 48
18. LTE Radio Interface
Radio Link Control (RLC) Layer
Depending on the scheduler decision, a certain amount of data is
selected for transmission from the RLC SDU buffer and the SDUs
are segmented/concatenated to create the RLC PDU. Thus, for
LTE the RLC PDU size varies dynamically
Each RLC PDU includes a header, containing, among other
things, a sequence number used for in-sequence delivery and by
the retransmission mechanism
A retransmission protocol operates between the RLC entities in
the receiver and transmitter.
Receiver monitors sequence numbers and identifies missing PDUs
Although the RLC is capable of handling transmission errors,
error-free delivery is in most cases handled by the MAC-based
hybrid-ARQ protocol
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19. LTE Radio Interface
Medium Access Control (MAC) Layer
Data on a transport channel is organized into transport blocks.
Each Transmission Time Interval (TTI), at most one transport
block of a certain size is transmitted over the radio interface
to/from a mobile terminal (in absence of spatial multiplexing)
Each transport block has an associated Transport Format (TF)
specifies how the block is to be transmitted over the radio interface
(e.g. transport-block size, modulation scheme, and antenna
mapping)
By varying the transport format, the MAC layer can realize
different data rates.
Rate control is therefore also known as transport-format selection
Ahmed Hamza Long Term Evolution (LTE) - A Tutorial October 13, 2009 19 / 48
20. LTE Radio Interface
Hybrid ARQ (HARQ)
In hybrid ARQ, multiple parallel stop-and-wait processes are used
(this can result in data being delivered from the hybrid-ARQ
mechanism out-of-sequence, in-sequence delivery is ensured by
the RLC layer)
Hybrid ARQ is not applicable for all types of traffic (broadcast
transmissions typically do not rely on hybrid ARQ). Hence, hybrid
ARQ is only supported for the DL-SCH and the UL-SCH
Ahmed Hamza Long Term Evolution (LTE) - A Tutorial October 13, 2009 20 / 48
21. LTE Radio Interface
Physical (PHY) Layer
Based on OFDMA with cyclic prefix in downlink, and on SC-FDMA
with a cyclic prefix in the uplink
Three duplexing modes are supported: full duplex FDD, half
duplex FDD, and TDD
Two frame structure types:
Type-1 shared by both full- and half-duplex FDD
Type-2 applicable to TDD
A radio frame has a length of 10 ms and contains 20 slots (slot
duration is 0.5 ms)
Two adjacent slots constitute a subframe of length 1 ms
Supported modulation schemes are: QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM
Broadcast channel only uses QPSK
Maximum information block size = 6144 bits
CRC-24 used for error detection
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22. LTE Radio Interface
Type-1 Frame
Ahmed Hamza Long Term Evolution (LTE) - A Tutorial October 13, 2009 22 / 48
23. LTE Radio Interface
Type-2 Frame
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24. LTE Radio Interface
Scheduler in eNB (base station) allocates resource blocks (which
are the smallest elements of resource allocation) to users for
predetermined amount of time
Slots consist of either 6 (for long cyclic prefix) or 7 (for short cyclic
prefix) OFDM symbols
Longer cyclic prefixes are desired to address longer fading
Number of available subcarriers changes depending on
transmission bandwidth (but subcarrier spacing is fixed)
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25. LTE Radio Interface
Downlink Resource Block
Ahmed Hamza Long Term Evolution (LTE) - A Tutorial October 13, 2009 25 / 48
27. LTE Radio Interface
To enable channel estimation in OFDM transmission, known
reference symbols are inserted into the OFDM time-frequency
grid.
In LTE, these reference symbols are jointly referred to as downlink
reference signals.
Three types of reference signals are defined for the LTE downlink:
Cell-specific downlink reference signals
transmitted in every downlink subframe, and span the entire downlink
cell bandwidth.
UE-specific reference signal
only transmitted within the resource blocks assigned for DL-SCH
transmission to that specific terminal
MBSFN reference signals
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28. LTE Radio Interface
MAC Scheduler
eNB scheduler controls the time/frequency resources for a given
time for uplink and downlink
dynamically controls the terminal(s) to transmit to and, for each of
these terminals, the set of resource blocks upon which the
terminal’s DL-SCH should be transmitted
Scheduler dynamically allocates resources to UEs at each TTI
The scheduling strategy is implementation specific and not
specified by 3GPP
scheduler selects best multiplexing for UE based on channel
conditions
preferably schedule transmissions to a UE on resources with
advantageous channel condition
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29. LTE Radio Interface
Most scheduling strategies need information about:
channel conditions at the terminal
buffer status and priorities of the different data flows
interference situation in neighboring cells (if some form of
interference coordination is implemented)
UE transmits
channel-status reports reflecting the instantaneous channel quality
in the time and frequency domains
information necessary to determine the appropriate antenna
processing in case of spatial multiplexing
Downlink LTE considers the following schemes as a scheduler
algorithm:
Frequency Selective Scheduling (FSS)
Frequency Diverse Scheduling (FDS)
Proportional Fair Scheduling (PFS)
Interference coordination, which tries to control the inter-cell
interference on a slow basis, is also part of the scheduler
Ahmed Hamza Long Term Evolution (LTE) - A Tutorial October 13, 2009 29 / 48
30. Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Service
Outline
1 Introduction
2 LTE Architecture
3 LTE Radio Interface
4 Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Service
5 LTE Deployment Considerations
6 Work Related to Video Streaming
7 Conclusions
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31. Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Service
Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Service (MBMS)
Introduced for WCDMA (UMTS) in Release 6
Supports multicast/broadcast services in a cellular system
Same content is transmitted to multiple users located in a specific
area (MBMS service area) in a unidirectional fashion
MBMS extends existing 3GPP architecture by introducing:
MBMS Bearer Service
delivers IP multicast datagrams to multiple receivers using minimum
radio and network resources and provides an efficient and scalable
means to distribute multimedia content to mobile phones
MBMS User Services
streaming services - a continuous data flow of audio and/or video is
delivered to the user’s handset
download services - data for the file is delivered in a scheduled
transmission timeslot
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32. Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Service
Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Service (MBMS)
QoS for transport of multimedia applications is not sufficiently high
to support a significant portion of the users for either download or
streaming applications
The p-t-m MBMS Bearer Service does neither allow control, mode
adaptation, nor retransmitting lost radio packets
Consequently, 3GPP included an application layer FEC based on
Raptor codes for MBMS
MBMS User Services may be distributed over p-t-p links (if more
efficient)
Broadcast Multicast Service Center (BM-SC) node
responsible for authorization and authentication of content provider,
charging, and overall data flow through Core Network (CN)
In case of multicast, a request to join the session has to be sent to
become member of the corresponding MBMS service group
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33. Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Service
Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Service (MBMS)
MBMS data streams are not split until necessary
MBMS services are power limited and maximize the diversity
without relying on feedback from users
Two techniques are used to provide diversity:
Macro-diversity: combining transmission from multiple cells
Soft combining: combines the soft bits received from the different
radio links prior to (Turbo) coding
Selection combining: decoding the signal received from each cell
individually, and for each TTI selects one (if any) of the correctly
decoded data blocks for further processing by higher layers
Time-diversity:
using a long TTI and application-level coding to combat fast fading
Ahmed Hamza Long Term Evolution (LTE) - A Tutorial October 13, 2009 33 / 48
34. Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Service
Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Service (MBMS)
Streaming data are encapsulated in RTP and transported using
the FLUTE protocol when delivering over MBMS bearers
MAC layer maps and multiplexes the RLC-PDUs to the transport
channel and selects the transport format depending on the
instantaneous source rate
MBMS uses the Multimedia Traffic Channel (MTCH), which
enables p-t-m distribution. This channel is mapped to the Forward
Access Channel (FACH), which is finally mapped to the
Secondary-Common Control Physical Channel (S-CCPCH)
The TTI is transport channel specific and can be selected from the
set 10 ms, 20 ms, 40 ms, 80 ms for MBMS
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36. Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Service
LTE Evolved MBMS (eMBMS)
Will be defined in Release 9 of the 3GPP specifications
currently in progress, expected to be frozen in Dec 2009
Multimedia service can be provided by either: single-cell
broadcast or multicell mode (aka MBMS Single Frequency
Network (MBSFN))
In an MBSFN area, all eNBs are synchronized to perform
simulcast transmission from multiple cells (each cell transmitting
identical waveform)
If user is close to a base station, delay of arrival between two cells
could be quite large, so the subcarrier spacing is reduced to 7.5
KHz and longer CP is used
Main advantages over technologies such as DVB-H or DMB:
no additional infrastructure
operator uses resources that are already purchased
user interaction is possible
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37. Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Service
MCE coordinates the synchronous multi-cell transmission
The MCE can physically be part of the eNB → flat architecture
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38. LTE Deployment Considerations
Outline
1 Introduction
2 LTE Architecture
3 LTE Radio Interface
4 Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Service
5 LTE Deployment Considerations
6 Work Related to Video Streaming
7 Conclusions
Ahmed Hamza Long Term Evolution (LTE) - A Tutorial October 13, 2009 38 / 48
39. LTE Deployment Considerations
LTE Deployment Considerations
Voice and SMS (main source of revenue for telecom companies)
Circuit Switch Fallback (CS Fallback)
IMS-based VoIP
Voice over LTE via Generic Access (VoLGA)
Roaming revenues from current GSM networks (gone)
Interoperability with existing legacy technologies (including GSM,
WCDMA, CDMA2000, WiMAX and others)
Leverage existing 3G capacity and coverage (make use of existing
equipment)
Service provision (not being a dumb bit pipe provider)
Security (especially EPC)
terminal devices (balancing battery life with MIMO support, and
how much legacy support)
Ahmed Hamza Long Term Evolution (LTE) - A Tutorial October 13, 2009 39 / 48
40. Work Related to Video Streaming
Outline
1 Introduction
2 LTE Architecture
3 LTE Radio Interface
4 Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Service
5 LTE Deployment Considerations
6 Work Related to Video Streaming
7 Conclusions
Ahmed Hamza Long Term Evolution (LTE) - A Tutorial October 13, 2009 40 / 48
41. Work Related to Video Streaming
Mobile Video Transmission Using Scalable Video
Coding
Investigating per packet QoS would enable general packet
marking strategies (such as Differentiated Services). This can be
done by either:
Mapping SVC priority information to Differentiated Services Code
Point (DSCP) to introduce per packet QoS
Making the scheduler media-aware (e.g. by including some
MANE-like functinality), and therefore able to use priority
information in the SVC NAL unit header
Many live-media distribution protocols are based on RTP,
including p-t-m transmission (e.g. DVB-H or MBMS). Provision of
different layers, on different multicast addresses for example,
allows for applying protection strength on different layers
By providing signalling in the RTP payload header as well as in the
SDP session signalling, adaptation (for bitrate or device capability)
can be applied in the network by nodes typically known as MANE
Ahmed Hamza Long Term Evolution (LTE) - A Tutorial October 13, 2009 41 / 48
42. Work Related to Video Streaming
Downlink OFDM Scheduling and Resource Allocation
for Delay Constrained SVC Streaming
Problem Definition:
Designing efficient multi-user video streaming protocols that fully
exploit the resource allocation flexibility in OFDM and performance
scalabilities in SVC
Maximize average PSNR for all video users under a total downlink
transmission power constraint based on a stochastic
subgradient-based scheduling framework
Authors generalize their previous downlink OFDM resource
allocation algorithm for elastic data traffic to real-time video
streaming by further considering dynamically adjusted priority
weights based on the current video content, deadline
requirements, and the previous transmission results
Ahmed Hamza Long Term Evolution (LTE) - A Tutorial October 13, 2009 42 / 48
43. Work Related to Video Streaming
Scalable and Media Aware Adaptive Video Streaming
over Wireless Networks
A packet scheduling algorithm (in MANE) which operates on the
different substreams of the main scalable video stream
Exploit SVC coding to provide a subset of hierarchically organized
substreams at the RLC layer entry point and utilize the scheduling
algorithm to select scalable substreams to be transmitted to RCL
layer depending on the channel transmission conditions
General idea:
perform fair scheduling between scalable substreams until deadline
of oldest unsent data units with higher priorities is approaching
do not maintain fairness if deadline is expected to be violated,
packets with lower priorities are delayed in a first time and later
dropped if necessary
In addition, SVC coding is tuned, leading to a generalized
scalability scheme including regions of interest (ROI) (combining
ROI coding with SNR and temporal scalability)
Ahmed Hamza Long Term Evolution (LTE) - A Tutorial October 13, 2009 43 / 48
44. Conclusions
Outline
1 Introduction
2 LTE Architecture
3 LTE Radio Interface
4 Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Service
5 LTE Deployment Considerations
6 Work Related to Video Streaming
7 Conclusions
Ahmed Hamza Long Term Evolution (LTE) - A Tutorial October 13, 2009 44 / 48
45. Conclusions
Conclusions
LTE and SAE will be the unified 4G wireless network
Backwards compatible
Multiple upgrade paths
Significant carrier commitment
eMBMS seems promising for delivering multimedia content over
LTE (at least in theory) and without the need for a separate
infrastructure
LTE still faces some deployment challenges (but are currently
being studied)
Research interest in optimized streaming video via eMBMS
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46. Conclusions
References
[Ergen’09]
Mustafa Ergen, Mobile Broadband: Including WiMAX and LTE,
Springer, 2009.
[STB’09]
S. Sesia, I. Toufik, and M. Baker, LTE - The UMTS Long Term
Evolution: From Theory to Practice, Wiley, 2009.
[DPS’08]
E. Dahlman, S. Parkvall, J. Sköld, and P. Beming, 3G Evolution:
HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband, Academic Press, 2008.
[Agilent’08]
Agilent Technologies, 3GPP Long Term Evolution: System
Overview, Product Development, and Test Challenges, Technical
Report, 2008.
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47. Conclusions
[SSW’07]
T. Schierl, T. Stockhammer, and T. Wiegand, Mobile Video
Transmission Using Scalable Video Coding, IEEE Transactions on
Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, vol.17, no.9,
pp.1204-1217, Sept. 2007
[JHC’08]
X. Ji, J. Huang, M. Chiang, G. Lafruit, and F. Catthoor, Downlink
OFDM Scheduling and Resource Allocation for Delay Constrained
SVC Streaming, IEEE International Conference on
Communications (ICC’08), 2008
[TP’08]
N. Tizon and B. Pesquet-Popescu, Scalable and Media Aware
Adaptive Video Streaming over Wireless Networks, EURASIP
Journal on Advances in Signal Processing, 2008.
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