Oea000000 lte principle fundamental issue 1.01

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LTE System Overview

Copyright © 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page2
Objectives
 Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:

Describe LTE development and features

Outline LTE network architecture

Explain LTE key technologies

Describe LTE protocol and channel

Describe LTE deployment

Contents
1. LTE System Overview
2. LTE Key Technologies
3. LTE Protocol and Channels
4. LTE Deployment

Contents
1. LTE SystemOverview
4. LTE Deployment

Contents
1.1 LTE Development
1.2 LTE Network Architecture
1.3 LTE Operating Bands and Channel Bandwidths

3G Long Term Evolution--LTE
Year 2002 20042003 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 or later
3G-WCDMA in
R99/R4
HSPA in R5/R6
LTE in R8
GPRS/EDGE
DL: ~384Kbps
UL: ~384Kbps
DL: ~14.4Mbps
UL: ~5.76Mbps
DL: ~42Mbps
UL: ~11Mbps
DL: ~141Mbps
UL: ~50Mbps
DL: ~144-360Kbps
UL: ~144-360Kbps
HSPA+ in R7/R8
~100
ms
~100
ms
~70
ms
~70
ms
~150
ms
~150
ms
~45
ms
~45
ms
~20m
s
~20m
s
•LTE is the next step in the evolution of 3GPP Radio Interfaces to deliver “Global
Mobile Broadband”.

Drivers for LTE
 There are at least three major key drivers for LTE mobile
broadband networks:

Demand for higher data-rates

increasingdevicecapabilities, growingmobiledataconsumption

New spectrum allocation

Maintaining operator profitability while continued cost reduction and
competitiveness.

Contents
1.1 LTE Development
1.2 LTE NetworkArchitecture

LTE Network Architecture
 E-UTRAN (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access
Network)

LTE/SAE Network Architecture - cont.
SGSN
GPRS
UMTS
E-UTRAN
cdma2000
MME
HSS PCRF
Serving GW PDN GW
BTS BSC/PCU
NodeB RNC
eNodeB
S2a
S1-U
S6a
Gx
S5/8
Gb
Iu
S1-MME
S12
S3
S4
S11
SGi
S9S10
User plane
Control plane
BTS
Internet
Corporate
Internet
Operator Service
Network
EPS (Evolved Packet System)
S6d
PDSNBSC
SAE
A10/A11

Contents
1.1 LTE Development
1.2 LTE Network Architecture

LTE Operating Bands
 LTE supports both FDD mode and TDD mode.
 3GPP defines many bands for LTE.

LTE Channel Bandwidths
 LTE must support the international wireless market and
regional spectrum regulations and spectrum availability. To
this end the specifications include variable channel
bandwidths selectable from 1.4 to 20 MHz, with subcarrier
spacing of 15 kHz.
Channel bandwidth
BWChannel
[MHz] 1.4 3 5 10 15 20
Transmission
bandwidth
configuration NRB
6 15 25 50 75 100
NRB is the number of resource
blocks

Contents
4. LTE Deployment

LTE Key Technologies
 OFDMA: Orthogonal frequency division multiple access
 SC-FDMA: Single carrier-frequency division multiple
access
 MIMO: Multiple input multiple output
 64QAM

Multiple access technology in the
downlink: OFDM and OFDMA
 OFDMA is used as multiple access technology in downlink.
OFDMA is a variant of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
(OFDM), a digital multi-carrier modulation scheme.
OFDMsignal represented in frequency and time
…
Sub-carriers
FFT
Time
Symbols
5 MHz Bandwidth
Guard Intervals
…
Frequency

Multiple access technology in the
downlink: OFDM and OFDMA (cont.)
 OFMDA incorporates elements of time division multiple access
(TDMA).

Downlink OFDM Implementation
P/SIFFTS/Ps(t)
Add
Cyclic
Prefix
Tx.filter:G T(ω )
Channel:H( ω )
n(t)
S/PFFTP/Sr(t)
Remove
Cyclic
Prefix
Rx.filter:G T(ω )
Transmitter
Receiver
Channel
  
  

Downlink OFDM Implementation (cont.)

Multiple access technology in the uplink:
SC-FDMA
 The high peak-to-average ratio (PAR) associated with OFDM led
3GPP to look for a different transmission scheme for the LTE
uplink.
 SC-FDMA is used in uplink as multiple access technology.

Comparison of OFDMA and SC-FDMA

Overview of MIMO
 MIMO: Multiple Input Multiple Output
Transmitter Receiver
Wireless
Channel
Wireless
Channel
…
…
N M
Channel Condition Feedback

What can MIMO provide?
 Here is a example for 2*2 MIMO.
Transmitter ReceiverWireless ChannelWireless Channel
Channel Condition Feedback
Data Stream 1
Data Stream2

LTE Multiple Antenna Scheme
 In downlink LTE can use 2*2 or higher order MIMO to increase
date rate.
 In uplink MU-MIMO (multi-user MIMO) can be used to double
uplink capacity.

With MU-MIMO the uplink peak data rate of single user can not be
doubled.

AMC & 64QAM
 AMC, Adaptive Modulation and Coding

the radio-link data rate is controlled by adjusting the
modulation scheme and/or the channel coding rate

DL/UL modulations: QPSK, 16QAM, and 64QAM

Contents
4. LTE Deployment

Contents
3. LTE Protocol Stacks and Channels
3.1 LTE Protocol Stacks
3.2 LTE Channels
3.3 LTE Radio Frame

Functional Split between E-UTRAN and
EPC

Radio Interface Protocol Architecture

User-plane protocol stack Control-plane protocol stack
Radio Interface Protocol Architecture (cont.)

LTE Physical Channel
 DL

Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH)

Physical Control Format Indicator Channel (PCFICH)

Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH)

Physical Hybrid ARQ Indicator Channel (PHICH)

Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH)

Physical Multicast Channel (PMCH)
 UL

Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH)

Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH)

Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)

LTE Transport Channel
 Physical layer transport channels offer information transfer to medium
access control (MAC) and higher layers
 DL

Broadcast Channel (BCH)

Downlink Shared Channel (DL-SCH)

Paging Channel (PCH)

Multicast Channel (MCH)
 UL

Uplink Shared Channel (UL-SCH)

Random Access Channel (RACH)

LTE Logical Channel
 Logical channels are offered by the MAC layer
 Control Channels: Control-plane information

Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH)

Paging Control Channel (PCCH)

Dedicated Control Channel (DCCH)

Multicast Control Channel (MCCH Dedicated Control Channel)

Common Control Channel (CCCH)
 Traffic Channels: User-plane information

Dedicated Traffic Channel (DTCH): transmission of all uplink and non-
MBMS downlink user data

Multicast Traffic Channel (MTCH): transmission of MBMS services

Channel Mappings

Frame Structure
 FDD frame structure
 TDD frame structure

Resource Grid

Bandwidth Configuration

Contents
4. LTE Deployment

LTE SAE
LTE Network Composition

LTE Network Transport
eNB
SAE GW
/PDN GW
FE/GE
IP/Ethernet
Network
IP/Ethernet
Network
FE/GE
• 100/1000Base-T, RJ45
• 100Base-FX/1000Base-X,
SM or MM Fiber, SFP-
based connector
eNB eNB
eNB
FE/GE FE/GE
FE/GE
eNBLegacy
2G/3G
FE/GE
IP
MAC
PHY
 eNB Daisy-chaining with integrated IP switching
 Co-transmission with legacy 2G/3G
 FE/GE o/e
FE/GE
RNC/BSC
eN
B
FE/GE
BTS/Node B
 Co-transmission for Multi-mode base station

eNodeB 3900 Series
Modularization
RRU/RFU
BBU
eNB
uniNodeB
1
2
3
 Platform
 GSM/TD-SCDMA/WCDMA/CDMA/LTE Unified All-IP Base Station Architecture
 Modularization
 Using BBU plus RRU and RFU leads to a flexible configuration for Distributed and Macro.
 Multimode
 Modularization Supports Different Modes

Smooth evolution to LTE
Investment protection while evolving from GSM/UMTS to LTE

Radio units for GSM/UMTS and LTE are inter-changeable in the same frequency band

Baseband boards in multi-mode BBU are inter-changeable between GSM/UMTS and LTE
LTE Card
LTE (100M/50M)LTE (100M/50M)
Same band Different band
Same band Different band
GSM/HSPA(+)/LTE RRU LTE RRU
GSM/HSPA(+)/LTE RFU LTE RFU
LTE Card
GSM / UMTS / HSPA(14.4M/5.76M) /
HSPA+(28M/11.5M)
GSM / UMTS / HSPA(14.4M/5.76M) /
HSPA+(28M/11.5M)
BBU
RRU
Cabinet-based Node B
BBU
Software upgrade
Software upgrade
Adding LTE RRU
Adding LTE RFU
BBU

Flexible evolution for Cabinet NodeB
G
S
M
G
S
M
G
S
M
GSM&UMTS operator
UMTS roll out will
reduce GSM
expansion
investment at
hot spot
Operator issue
New business
ALL IP service
GSM for Voice
HSPA/LTE for
Data network
GSM
update/rollout
G
S
M
G
S
M
G
S
M
G
S
M
G
S
M
G
S
M
UMTS/HSP
A
rollout
U
+
H
U
+
H
U
+
H
UMTS/HSPA + GSM
U
+
H
U
+
H
U
+
H
U
+
H
U
+
H
U
+
H
L
T
E
L
T
E
L
T
E
UMTS/HSPA + LTE
convergence
GSM + LTE Data
network convergence
G
S
M
G
S
M
G
S
M
L
T
E
L
T
E
L
T
E
L
T
E
L
T
E
L
T
E
L
T
E
L
T
E
L
T
E
LTE
LTE for high speed
mobile broadband
Reuse GSM
frequency resource
for LTE
LTE for mobile
broadband
Operator issue
New business
ALL IP service
G
S
M
G
S
M
G
S
M

Summary
 Standardization in the form of 3GPP Release 8
 Support for both FDD and TDD.
 Flexible spectrum allocation (1.4 ~ 20 MHz).
 IP-based flat network architecture
 Multicarrier-based radio air interface

OFDMA and SC-FDMA
 Multi-input multi-output (MIMO)
 Adaptive modulation and coding

DL modulations: QPSK, 16QAM, and 64QAM

UL modulations: QPSK and 16QAM
 ARQ within RLC sublayer and Hybrid ARQ within MAC sublayer

LTE Standard Specifications
 Freely downloadable from

http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/archive/36_series/

Oea000000 lte principle fundamental issue 1.01

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