Looking at women's history, when you are Black, needs an extra layer of research so that you can contextualize when someone lived and the social forces that influenced their lives.
This presentation is of the sectional crises over states' rights and slavery's westward expansion that gave way to American Civil War. It is the fourth in a series of textbook/lecture substitutes designed for students in a college seminar on the Civil War and Reconstruction.
This presentation is of the sectional crises over states' rights and slavery's westward expansion that gave way to American Civil War. It is the fourth in a series of textbook/lecture substitutes designed for students in a college seminar on the Civil War and Reconstruction.
Sorry for the wait. Hopefully u can use it to study 4 the AP test... anyways includes ::::::
ch. 17: South & Slavery Controversy 1793-1860
ch.18: Manifest Destiny & Legacy 1841-1840
ch.19:Renewing the Sectional struggle 1848-1854
ch.20: Drifting Towards Disunion-1854-1861
This presentation provides a general history of American slavery (with greater emphasis on its development than on its antebellum incarnation) to give students some understanding of the institution. It is the fourth in a series of presentations designed for college students in a seminar on The Civil War and Reconstruction. Students will spend more time engaging antebellum slavery (the slavery that is more familiar to most Americans) in class.
Black History Is American History Bhm 2009ojohnson1
This is the Black History Month 2009 presentation shown during this years event. These slides were also compiled in the Education Booklet provided at the event as well.
Sorry for the wait. Hopefully u can use it to study 4 the AP test... anyways includes ::::::
ch. 17: South & Slavery Controversy 1793-1860
ch.18: Manifest Destiny & Legacy 1841-1840
ch.19:Renewing the Sectional struggle 1848-1854
ch.20: Drifting Towards Disunion-1854-1861
This presentation provides a general history of American slavery (with greater emphasis on its development than on its antebellum incarnation) to give students some understanding of the institution. It is the fourth in a series of presentations designed for college students in a seminar on The Civil War and Reconstruction. Students will spend more time engaging antebellum slavery (the slavery that is more familiar to most Americans) in class.
Black History Is American History Bhm 2009ojohnson1
This is the Black History Month 2009 presentation shown during this years event. These slides were also compiled in the Education Booklet provided at the event as well.
5. Gone with the Wind The Invisibility ofRacism in Americ.docxalinainglis
5. "Gone with the Wind": The Invisibility of
Racism in American History Textbooks
When was the country we now know as the United States first settled? Ifwe forget the lesson of the last chapter for the moment—that Native
Americans settled—the best answer might be 1526. In the summer of that year,
five hundred Spaniards and one hundred black slaves founded a town neat the
mouth of the Pee Dee River in present-day South Carolina. Disease and disputes
with nearby Indians caused many deaths in the early months of the settlement.
In November the slaves rebelled, killed some of their masters, and escaped to
the Indians, By then only 150 Spaniards survived; they retreated to Haiti. The
ex-slaves remained behind and probably merged with nearby Indian nations.5
This is cocktail-party trivia, I suppose. American history textbooks cannot
be faulted for not mentioning that the first non-Native settlers in the United
States were black. Educationally, however, the incident has its uses. It shows that
Africans (is it too early to call them African Americans?) rebelled against slavery
from the first. It points to the important subject of three-way race relations—
Indian-African-European—which most textbooks completely omit. It teaches
that slavery cannot readily survive without secure borders. And, symbolically, it
illusttates that African Americans, and the attendant subject of black-white race
relations, were part of American history from the first European attempts to
settle.
Perhaps the most pervasive theme in our history is the domination of
black America by white America. Race is the sharpest and deepest division in
American life. Issues of black-white relations propelled the Whig Party to col-
lapse, prompted the formation of the Republican Party, and caused the Democ-
ratic Party to label itself the "white man's party" for almost a century. The first
time Congress ever overrode a presidential veto was for the 1866 Civil Rights
Act, passed by Republicans over the wishes of Andrew Johnson. Senators
mounted the longest filibuster in U.S. history, more than 534 hours, to oppose
the 1964 Civil Rights bill. Thomas Byrne Edsall has shown how race prompted
the sweeping political realignment of 1964-72, in which the white South went
131
from a Democratic bastion to a Republican stronghold.6 Race still affects poli-
tics, as evidenced by the notorious Willie Horton commercial used by George
Bush in the 1988 presidential campaign and the more recent candidacies of the
Ku Klux Klan leader David Duke, Race riots continue to shake urban centers
from Miami to Los Angeles.
Almost no genre of our popular culture goes untouched by race. From the
1850s through the 1930s, except during the Civil War and Reconstruction,
minstrel shows, which derived in a perverse way from plantation slavery, were
the dominant form of popular entertainment in America. During most of that
period Uncle Tom's Cabin was our longest-running play, mounted in thousands of
productions. Am.
Obituary of John AdamsOctober 30, 1735-July 4, 1826 John .docxvannagoforth
Obituary of John Adams
October 30, 1735-July 4, 1826
John Adams, 91 years of age, died on Tuesday, July 4, 1826, from heart failure at his home in Quincy, Massachusetts, United States.
John Adams was born on October 30, 1735, in Braintree (now Quincy), Massachusetts Bay, British America to the late John Adams Sr and Susanna Boylston. Adams was the first child of three children brother to the late Elihu Adams and Peter Adams. John Adam senior was a descendant of Henry Adam, English emigrants to the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1638. His farmer was a farmer, town councilman, and the deacon of the congressional church. His mother, Susanna Boylston Adams, was a descendant of a prominent loyal family of Boylston of Brookline in colonial Massachusetts.
At the age of 16, John Adams earned a scholarship to study law at Harvard University. As an enthusiast scholar, John keenly studied the work of prominent scholars such as Plato, Cicero, Thucydides, and Tacitus. Despite his father's desire for John to enter Ministry, John studied law in the office of James Putnam, a prominent city lawyer. John earned his master's degree in 1758 and became admitted to the bar at the age of 23. After completing his studies at Harvard University, John began the habit of writing about events and impressions of statemen like James Otis Jr (1761).
John Adams married the late Abigail Smith on October 25, 1764. Together they had six children, namely Abigail (1765), John Quincy (1767), Susanna (1768), Charles (1770), Thomas Boylston (1772), and Elizabeth (1777). Political interest regularly separated Adams from his family. Drawing inspiration from Otis, Adams chanted his cause of the American colonies. In 1965, John Adams identified himself with patriot cause from official opposition of the 1965 Stamp Act. Adams expository “Canon and Feudal,” a response to the act by British Parliament, was published in Boston Gazette. John alluded that, “Stamp Act taxed people without consent and subjected them to be tried by a jury of peers.” Following heated debates after two months, John denounced Stamp Act publicly in a speech delivered to the council and governor of Massachusetts. Aware of the political quagmire, John refused to be drawn to mob actions and public demonstration by Samuel Adams.
Adams moved to Boston in April 1768 to enhance his political career. In 1770, Adams presented British soldiers in a lawsuit for killing five civilians (Boston Massacre). Moved by the defense for people right, Adam argued that in a fair trial, every person deserves attorney representation. During the trial, Adams blamed the rowdy mob. The jury found two of the eight soldiers guilty and convicted them for manslaughter, while six were acquitted. His defense prowess enhanced his reputation as a generous, courageous, and fair man. In 1774, Adams was elected to the Massachusetts Assembly and was among the five representatives of the colony in Continental Congress ...
Resource list for Noora Aabad's AI presentation. Ethical AI is a shared responsibility. Students, teachers, users, programmers, investors, regulators, and others all play a role in determining the future of AI technology development and use. This session will feature an innovative and interactive approach to a virtual panel, giving both panelists and attendees the opportunity to interact and respond to various AI scenarios and activities. While the moderator and panelists demonstrate and discuss on-screen, attendees also have the opportunity to share their own insights, observations, and questions in a moderated chat.
Starting With Scratch is a block-based programming course provided by the CodeTigers and STEM Impressionists Program collaboration. Over the course of 10 weeks, students will practice programming on Scratch while simultaneously learning fundamental computer science concepts. Each week will be taught by two student mentors who will walk participants through different lessons that will overtime build their understanding of coding through the Scratch platform. Throughout the course, students will be provided with resources to further their exploration of computer science in addition to preparing them to continue on to other coding platforms such as Python, micro:bit, and HTML/CSS. YouTube class: https://www.youtube.com/watch?
Register for the Coolest Project Competition!Angela DeHart
This document lists the details of how to register for Raspberry Pi's International competition. All of the information was obtained from their website. Please double-check the website as the information that is covered in this document may have changed since it was posted. We do not want you to miss out on the competition! (Document posted April 25, 2021).
Starting With Scratch is a block-based programming course provided by the CodeTigers and STEM Impressionists Program collaboration. Over the course of 10 weeks, students will practice programming on Scratch while simultaneously learning fundamental computer science concepts. Each week will be taught by two student mentors who will walk participants through different lessons that will overtime build their understanding of coding through the Scratch platform. Throughout the course, students will be provided with resources to further their exploration of computer science in addition to preparing them to continue on to other coding platforms such as Python, micro:bit, and HTML/CSS. YouTube class: https://www.youtube.com/watch?
Starting With Scratch is a block-based programming course provided by the CodeTigers and STEM Impressionists Program collaboration. Over the course of 10 weeks, students will practice programming on Scratch while simultaneously learning fundamental computer science concepts. Each week will be taught by two student mentors who will walk participants through different lessons that will overtime build their understanding of coding through the Scratch platform. Throughout the course, students will be provided with resources to further their exploration of computer science in addition to preparing them to continue on to other coding platforms such as Python, micro:bit, and HTML/CSS. YouTube class: https://www.youtube.com/watch?
Coolest Projects online is the world’s leading technology showcase for young people. If you enjoy making things with technology, Coolest Projects online is an amazing opportunity to get creative, have fun, and celebrate what you have made.
Your creation will be showcased in the Coolest Projects online gallery, for people all over the world to see! Coolest Projects online is free, it is open to anyone up to the age of 18, and you can join in wherever you are in the world.
Starting With Scratch is a block-based programming course provided by the CodeTigers and STEM Impressionists Program collaboration. Over the course of 10 weeks, students will practice programming on Scratch while simultaneously learning fundamental computer science concepts. Each week will be taught by two student mentors who will walk participants through different lessons that will overtime build their understanding of coding through the Scratch platform. Throughout the course, students will be provided with resources to further their exploration of computer science in addition to preparing them to continue on to other coding platforms such as Python, micro:bit, and HTML/CSS. YouTube class: https://www.youtube.com/watch?
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
1. # Women Race Time Description African-AmericanHistoryi
1
German
Hrostsvitha
White 935AD-1002
Born in Gandersheim to Saxon nobles Hrotsvitha was a German
secular canoness, who wrote dramas and poems during the rule of
the Ottonian dynasty. Hrotsvitha lived at Gandersheim Abbey.
It is commonlysaidthat"Columbus discovered America."It would bemoreaccurate,perhaps,
to say that heintroducedtheAmericas toWestern Europeduring his four voyages to theregion
between1492and1502.
2
Harriet
Tubman
Black unknown-1913
Harriet Tubman was an American abolitionist and political activist.
Born into slavery, Tubman escaped and subsequently made some
13 missions to rescue approximately 70 enslaved people, including
family and friends, using the network of antislavery activists and
safe houses known as the Underground Railroad.
1 . Founded at Jamestown in 1 607, the Virginia Colony was home to about 7 0 0 people by
1 6 1 9 . The first enslaved Africans to arrive there dis embarked at Point Comfort, in
what is today known as H ampton Roads. Most of their names, as well as the exact
number who remained at Point Comfort, have been lost to history, but much is known
about their journey.ii
2 . Slavery officially ended in America with the ratificationof the 13th Amendment in 1865.iii
3 . Slavery Abolition Act, (1833), in Britishhistory, act ofParliament that abolishedslavery in most British
colonies, freeing more than 800,000 enslaved Africans in the Caribbean andSouth Africa as well as a
small number in Canada. It received Royal Assent onAugust 28, 1833, and took effect onAugust 1,
1834.iv
4 . LAW: The 1793 law enforced Article IV, Section 2, ofthe U.S. Constitution in authorizing any federal
district judge or circuit court judge, or any state magistrate, to decide finally and without a jury trial the
status of an alleged fugitive slave.v
5 . LAW: As early as 1810 individual dissatisfactionwith the law of 1793 had taken the formof systematic
assistance rendered to black slaves escaping from the Southto New England or Canada—via
the Underground Railroad.
6 . Harriet Tubman is perhaps the most well-known ofall the UndergroundRailroad's "conductors." During
a ten-year span she made 19 trips intothe Southand escortedover 300 slaves to freedom. And, as she
once proudly pointed out toFrederick Douglass, in all ofher journeys she "never lost a single
passenger."vi
7 . Ada Lovelace was an aristocratic girl in the mid-1800s. In 1835, Ada married William King, who became
the Earl of Lovelace three years later. She then took the title ofCountess of Lovelace. They shared a love
of horses and had three children together. vii
8. From 1854 to1857 Clara Barton was employed as a clerk in the Patent Office until her anti-
slavery opinions made her toocontroversial.viii
9 . Susan B. Anthony was born in1820 into a Quaker family full of activist traditions. According tothe Susan
B. Anthony House, in 1845, after moving to Rochester the family became very active in the anti-slavery
movement. Ignoring oppositionandabuse, she traveled and campaigned for the abolitionofslavery and
women's rights to their own property andearnings. She alsocampaigned for women's labor
organizations fromthe 1840s until her death in 1906.ix
10 . Ada Kepley: The family were intense haters of the institutionofslavery. William Temple Coles, sr.,
even refused to have a slave in his house, and brought over white servants from England.x
11 . LAW: The demand from the South for more effective legislationresulted in enactment ofa second
Fugitive Slave Act in 1850. Under this law fugitives could not testify ontheir own behalf, nor were they
permitted a trial by jury. Heavy penalties were imposed upon federal marshals who refusedto enforce
the law or from whom a fugitive escaped; penalties were also imposed on individuals who helped slaves
to escape.
12 . Kate Chopin’s family were slave holders and supported the South. In1870, she married Oscar Chopin,
the son of a wealthy cotton-growing family in Louisiana. When her husbanddied Kate tookover the
running of his general store andplantationfor over a year.xi
13 . Born into slavery in Mississippi, Ida B Wells was freed by the Emancipation Proclamation during the
American Civil War. She used her skills as a journalist toshed light on the conditions ofAfrican
Americans throughout the South.xii
3
Ada
Lovelace
White 1815-1852
Augusta Ada King, Countess of Lovelace was an English
mathematician and writer, chiefly known for her work on Charles
Babbage's proposed mechanical general-purpose computer, the
Analytical Engine.
4
Susan B.
Anthony
White 1820-1906
Susan B. Anthony was an American social reformer and women's
rights activist who played a pivotal role in the women's suffrage
movement. Born into a Quaker family committed to social equality,
she collected anti-slavery petitions at the age of 17.
5 Clara Barton White 1821-1912
Clarissa Harlowe Barton was a pioneering American nurse who
founded the American Red Cross. She was a hospital nurse in the
American Civil War, a teacher, and patent clerk. Nursing education
was not very formalized at that time and she did not attend
nursing school, so she provided self-taught nursing care.
6
Emily
Warren
Roebling
White 1843-1903
Emily Warren Roebling is known for her contribution to the
completion of the Brooklyn Bridge after her husband Washington
Roebling developed caisson disease. Her husband was a civil
engineer and the chief engineer during the construction of the
Brooklyn Bridgexiii
7 Ada Kepley White 1847-1925
Ada Harriet Miser Kepley was the first American woman to
graduate from law school. She graduated in 1870 with a law
degree, from what is today Northwestern University School of Law.
At that time she was prohibited from legal practice by state law
that denied women licence to the "learned professions".
8 Kate Chopin White 1850-1904
Kate Chopin was born Kate O’Flaherty in St. Louis, Missouri in 1850
to Eliza and Thomas O’Flaherty. She was the third of five children,
but her sisters died in infancy and her brothers (from her father’s
first marriage) in their early twenties. She was the only child to live
past the age of twenty-five.
9 Ida B Wells Black 1862-1931
Ida Bell Wells-Barnett was an American investigative journalist,
educator, and an early leader in the civil rights movement. She was
one of the founders of the National Association for the
Advancement of Colored People.
2. # Women Race Time Description African-AmericanHistoryi
10
Madam CJ
Walker
Black 1867-1919
Madam C. J. Walker was an Americanentrepreneur,
philanthropist, and politicaland social activist.She is
recordedas thefirst femaleself-mademillionairein
America intheGuinness Book ofWorldRecords.
1. Recons truction (1 8 6 5-1 87 7), the turbulent era following the Civil War, was the
effort to reintegrate Southern s tates from the Confederacy and 4 million newly -
freed s laves into the United States . Under the adminis tration of Pres ident
Andrew Johns on in 1 8 6 5 and 1 8 6 6 , new s outhern s tate leg is latures pas s ed
res trictive “black codes ” to control the labor and behavior of former s laves and
other African Americans .xiv
2. Madam CJ Walker, born Sarah Breedlove was born to two former slaves on a plantation in Delta,
La. Sarah was free. But by 7, she was an orphan toiling in those same cotton fields. Living on
$1.50 a day as a laundress and cook. During the early 1900s, when most Americans lacked indoor
plumbing and electricity, bathing was a luxury. As a result, Sarah and many other women were
going bald because they washed their hair so infrequently, leaving it vulnerable to environmental
hazards such as pollution, bacteria and lice.”xv
11
Eleanor
Roosevelt
White 1884-1962
Anna Eleanor Roosevelt was an Americanpoliticalfigure,
diplomat and activist.She served as the First Ladyofthe
United States from March4, 1933, toApril12, 1945,
during her husband PresidentFranklin D.Roosevelt’s four
terms in office,making herthelongest-serving First Lady
ofthe United States.
1. Jim Crow (1877-1965) laws were state and local laws that enforced racial segregation in the
Southern United States. All were enacted in the late 19th and early 20th centuries by white
Democratic-dominated state legislatures after the Reconstruction period. The term "Jim Crow"
originally referred to a black character in an old song, and was the name of a popular dance in
the 1820s. Around 1828, Thomas "Daddy" Rice developed a routine in which he blacked his face,
dressed in old clothes, and sang and danced in imitation of an old and decrepit black man. Rice
published the words to the song, "Jump, Jim Crow," in 1830. In 1964, President Lyndon B.
Johnson signed the Civil Rights Act, which legally ended the segregation that had been
institutionalized by Jim Crow laws. And in 1965, the Voting Rights Act halted efforts to keep
minorities from voting..xvi
2. Eleanor Roosevelt’s support of African American rights was one of the highlights of her activities
as first lady. Her fearless advocacy for justice pulled her into political controversies that were
unprecedented for the wife of a president. Eleanor joined the NAACP during FD R’s firs t
term in 1 9 3 4 and began working with leader Walter White to outlaw lynching.
This work earned her a lot of enemies , as well as s ome death threats . Critics of
her hus band like J. Edgar H oover s pread racis t rumors that s he was mixed race;
and in the 1 9 5 0 s , th e Ku Klux Klan put a $ 2 5 ,0 0 0 bounty on her head. H er work
als o caus ed a rift between her and her hus band, whom s he could never convince
to s upport her caus e.xvii
a. New Deal programs (1933-1939) were channeled away from the poorest people,
including millions of blacks, who lived in the South.xviii
3. Alice Ball was an African American chemist who discovered the most effective treatment for
leprosy during the 20th century. She became the first woman and the first African American to
receive a master’s degree from the University of Hawaii. In addition, at just 23 years old, she was
the university’s first female chemistry professor. Arthur Dean, the College of Hawaii president,
initially took credit for Alice Ball’s innovative leprosy treatment. He even published her findings
on extracting the active ingredient in chaulmoogra oils and called it the “Dean Method.”xix
4. Rosa Parks was arrested on December 1, 1955, in Montgomery, Alabama for failing to give up her
bus seat—so that it would be available for white passengers—when instructed to do so by the
bus’s driver.xx
5. The structure of DNA, the molecule of life, was discovered in the early months of 1953. Nine
years later, three men were jointly awarded a Nobel Prize for this achievement. The third man
honored, Maurice Wilkins claimed credit work that was actually completed by his estranged
colleague, Rosalind Franklin, who had died four years before the prize was awarded.xxi
6. Rosalyn Sussman Yalow was an American medical physicist and winner of the 1977 Nobel Prize in
Physiology or Medicine for the development of the radioimmunoassay (RIA) technique. RIA is a
technique used to measure minute quantities of hormones and other antigens in the human
body.xxii
12 Alice Ball Black 1892-1916
Alice Augusta Ball was anAmerican chemist who
developed the "BallMethod", themosteffective
treatmentfor leprosyduring the early 20th century.
13 Rosa Parks Black 1913-2005
Rosa Louise McCauley Parks was an American activist in
the civil rights movementbestknown for her pivotalrole
in the Montgomerybus boycott. TheUnited States
Congress has calledher "the firstlady ofcivilrights"and
"the mother ofthe freedom movement"
14
Rosalind
Franklin
White 1920-1958
Rosalind ElsieFranklin was anEnglishchemist and X-ray
crystallographer whosework was central tothe
understanding ofthe molecular structures ofDNA, RNA,
viruses, coal, andgraphite.
15
Rosalyn
Yalow
White 1921-2011
Rosalyn SussmanYalow was an American medical
physicist, and a co-winnerofthe 1977 NobelPrize in
Physiology or Medicine for development ofthe
radioimmunoassay technique. Shewas thesecond
woman, and the firstAmerican-born woman, tobe
awarded theNobelPrize inphysiology or medicine.
16 Kip Tiernan White 1926-2005
Kip Tiernan was a social activist.She was born Mary Jane
Tiernan inConnecticut and raisedby hergrandmother,
and cameto Boston inher early 20s.
17
Maya
Angelou
Black 1928-2014
Maya Angelou was an American poet, singer,
memoirist, and civil rights activist. She published seven
autobiographies, threebooks ofessays,several books
of poetry, and is credited with a list ofplays, movies,
and television shows spanning over 50 years.
18 Vera Rubin White 1928-2016
Vera FlorenceCooper Rubin was an American astronomer
who pioneered work on galaxy rotation rates. She
uncoveredthediscrepancy between the predicted angular
3. # Women Race Time Description African-AmericanHistoryi
motion ofgalaxies andtheobserved motion, by studying
galactic rotationcurves.
7. Best known for founding Rosie’s Place, Kip Tiernan was at the center of the fight for economic
and social justice for nearly three decades. In the mid-60s Kip she was involved in the civil rights
and anti-war movements.xxiii
8. Throughout her writing, Maya. Angelou explored the concepts of personal identity and resilience
through the multifaceted lens of race, sex, family, community and the collective past. As a whole,
her work offered a cleareyed examination of the ways in which the socially marginalizing forces
of racism and sexism played out at the level of the individual.xxiv
9. Vera Rubin was a groundbreaking female astronomer. She broke the glass ceilings in
astronomy and her pioneering astronomical research. After getting an undergraduate
degree in astronomy from Vassar College, and an M.S. from Cornell, she got her Ph.D. in
astronomy from Georgetown University in 1954. She had applied to Princeton
University after Vassar, but the Princeton graduate astronomy program did not admit
women until 1975.xxv
10. Nina Simone realized what it was to be Black in America in 1963 when she heard about the
bombing of the little girls in Alabama and the murder of Medgar Evers. An hour later, Nina
Simone had composed a song called “Mississippi Goddam.” Crisply honest, it is a pure expression
of rage and an indictment of inequality. “It was my first civil rights song,” she recalled. It
redirected her career. xxvi
19 Nina Simone Black 1933-2003
Eunice Kathleen Waymon, known professionallyas Nina
Simone, was an Americansinger, songwriter, musician,
arranger, and civil rights activist. Her musicspanned a
broad rangeofmusicalstyles including classical, jazz,
blues, folk, R&B, gospel,and pop.
20
Gabby
Douglas
Black 1995-present
GabrielleChristina Victoria Douglas is an American artistic
gymnast. She is the 2012 Olympic allaround champion
and the 2015World all-around silver medalist.
1. Racial Inequality/Racism (1965-present) Racism is the belief that groups of humans possess
different behavioral traits corresponding to physical appearance and can be divided based on the
superiority of one race over another.
2. In Pulas ki, Tennessee, a group of Confederate veterans convenes to form a s ecret
s ociety that they chris ten the “ Ku Klux Klan .” The KKK rapidly grew from a s ecret
s ocial fraternity to a paramilitary force bent on revers ing the federal
government’s progres s ive Reconstruction Era-activities in the South, es pecially
policies that elevated the rights of the local African American population. xxvii
3. Gabby D ouglas was the first African-American to win gold in the individual all-around in girls
gymnastics. . "I was just, you know, kind of getting racist jokes, kind of being isolated from the
group. So it was definitely hard. I would come home at night and just cry my eyes out. Like, 'What
did I do to deserve this?'"xxviii
4. Simone Biles opens up about competing in a sport with few black athletes While promoting her
partnership with the skincare brand SK-II, Biles spoke at length about her struggles with social-
media trolls, the public fixation on her appearance, and the effect race had on both.xxix
21 Simone Biles Black 1997-present
Simone ArianneBiles is an Americanartisticgymnast.With
a combined total of30Olympic and World Championship
medals, Biles is themost decoratedAmericangymnast and
the world's third mostdecorated gymnast, behindBelarus'
Vitaly Scherboand Russia's Larisa Latynina.
i
https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/slavery, https://www.britannica.com/event/Fugitive-Slave-Acts
ii
https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/first-african-slave-ship-arrives-jamestown-colony
iii
https://www.nationalgeographic.org/interactive/slavery-united-states/
iv
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Slavery-Abolition-Act
v
https://www.britannica.com/event/Fugitive-Slave-Acts
vi
https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part4/4p1535.html
vii
https://www.biography.com/scholar/ada-lovelace
viii
https://www.battlefields.org/learn/biographies/clara-barton, https://www.nps.gov/clba/learn/historyculture/cbcongress.htm
ix
https://historyengine.richmond.edu/episodes /view/4524
x
https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Woman_of_the_Century/Ada_Miser_Kepley
4. xi
https://archive.vcu.edu/english/engweb/webtexts /hour/katebio.html, https://mirjamsessays.wordpress.com/2015/06/06/discovering-kate-chopins-views-on-southern-slaveholding-society-an-analysis-of-speech-and-thought-
presentation-in-desirees-babymirjam-holleman-termpaper-may-8-2009-acc-22/
xii
https://www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/ida-b-wells-barnett
xiii
https://www.history.com/topics/landmarks/brooklyn-bridge
xiv
https://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/reconstruction, https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/black-codes, https://www.pbs.org/tpt/slavery-by-another-name/themes /black-codes/,
https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/us-history/the-gilded-age/south-after-civil-war/v/jim-crow-part-2
xv
https://www.pbs.org/wnet/african-americans-many-rivers-to-cross/history/100-amazing-facts/madam-walker-the-first-black-american-woman-to-be-a-self-made-millionaire/
xvi
https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/kkk-founded, https://u-s-history.com/pages/h1559.html
xvii
https://www.socialstudies.org/system/files/publications/articles/se_750511245.pdf, https://www.history.com/news/fdr-eleanor-roosevelt-anti-lynching-bill
xviiixviii
https://www.cato.org/publications/commentary/why-did-fdrs-new-deal-harm-blacks
xix
https://now.northropgrumman.com/celebrating-alice-ball
xx
https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/us-history/postwarera/civil-rights-movement/a/the-montgomery-bus-boycott, https://u-s-history.com/pages/h1559.html
xxi
https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2002/10/28/photo-finish-2
xxii
https://www.beyondcurie.com/rosalyn-sussman-yalow
xxiii
http://www.rosiesplace.org/mural
xxiv
https://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/29/arts/maya-angelou-lyrical-witness-of-the-jim-crow-south-dies-at-86.html
xxv
https://wtop.com/the-space-place/2016/12/groundbreaking-astronomer-vera-rubin-roots-dc/
xxvi
https://longreads.com/2017/04/20/a-history-of-american-protest-music-when-nina-simone-sang-what-everyone-was-thinking/
xxvii
https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/kkk-founded
xxviii
https://www.businessinsider.com/gabby-douglas-racism-2012-8
xxix
https://www.insider.com/simone-biles-on-black-gymnasts-and-inspiring-young-african-americans-2020-3