From 1775 to 1830, many African Americans gained freedom from slavery in the North due to the work of abolitionist and moral reform groups, yet slavery expanded in the South to meet the growing demand for cotton. Enslaved and free African Americans responded to these challenges in different ways. Enslaved African Americans rebelled or conspired to rebel, while free African Americans advocated for their rights and created organizations to aid their communities.

1. Unit Four
By: Jasmine M., Demi C., Brandon A., Veronica
A.

2. Question:
 From 1775 to 1830, many African
Americans gained freedom from slavery,
yet during the same period the institution
of slavery expanded. Explain why BOTH of
these changes took place. Analyze the
ways that BOTH free African Americans
and enslaved African Americans responded
to the challenges confronting them.

3. Document A:
 Lord Dunmore was a Scottish Royal
governor that offered the first large-
scale emancipation of slave and
servant labor in the history of
colonial British America.
 Dunmore’s proclamation offered
freedom to those who would rebel
from their masters and serve the
crown. Its purpose was to disable
rebellion yet its effect was rather the
reverse.

4. Document B:
Paul Cuffe was a born free African
American who is best known for his
work in assisting free blacks who
wanted to emigrate to Sierra Leone.
 Document B is a petition by Cuffe
asking the Massachusetts government
to either give African Americans and
Native Americans voting rights or stop
taxing them.

5. Document c
 Document C is two maps showing
the difference from 1790 to 1830 of
the expansion of slavery in the south
 Many areas that had the population
of slavery under 10% became areas
of 10-30% or 30-50% populated by
slavery

6. Document D:
 Document D is a picture of African
American Methodists showing Emotional
exuberance for their religion.

7. Document E:
 Absalom Jones and Richard Allen were free
African Americans who were removed from
their seats during a Sunday mass due to the
new decisions from the Methodist members
that black members should sit only in the
balcony.
 This event motivated Jones and Allen to
establish the African Methodist Episcopal
Church.
 Document E is a speech giving by Jones and
Allen that is thanking the white people, such as
their previous slave owners, for their
goodness. It also advises the African
Americans to show strength and not be lazy or
otherwise their freedom will be taken away.

8. Document F:
 Venture Smith was an enslaved
African American who in Document F
is asking his master if he could
purchase his freedom.
 His life was documented when he
gave his narrative to a school
teacher and she wrote it down and
published it.
 This document gives an example of
how some African Americans gained
their freedom and how not all slave-
owners were unfair and cruel.

9. Document G:
 “Ben” was a conspirator in
Gabriel Posser’s Rebellion who
in his confessions spoke of
Posser’s plan to make the
attack as soon as possible due
to the country being
unguarded.
 This is considered a reaction
from the enslaved African
Americans because many were
afraid to rebel against their
owners.

10. Document H:
 The Vermont Colonization Society was
formed in the year of 1819 at the State
House in Montpelier, Vermont.
 This document is about a letter written
by the Vermont Colonization Society in
regards to send all the African
Americans to Africa.
 Their objectives of the Society were to:
◦ remove all African Americans, free and
enslaved, from the United States to Liberia.
◦ introduce civilization into Africa.
◦ eradicate the slave trade.
◦ Extending the Christian religion

11. Document I:
 David Walker was an African American activist who was
born to a free mother and an enslaved father in
Wilmington, North Carolina. In 1829, while living in Boston,
Massachusetts, Walker published Appeal to the Colored
Citizens of the World, in which the purpose was a call to
awaken other African Americans to the power of black unity
and struggle.
 . In the document, Walker argues that African Americans
are still not treated like Americans despite their hard labor
and contributions they had made. He also points out that in
spite of all the jobs that are bombarding the slaves, they
will overcome those hardships and will eventually obtain
their freedom by fighting with the guidance of God.

12. Document J:
 David Walker was the son of a slave and a free
black mother, David Walker was born in
Wilmington, North Carolina, perhaps in 1796 or
1797. In accordance with existing laws, since his
mother was a free black, David Walker was also
free. Walker began to associate with prominent
black activists. He joined institutions that
denounced slavery in the South and
discrimination in the North.
 David Walker’s appeal was arguably the most
radical of all anti-slavery documents, it was
published in September 1829 to call slaves to
revolt against their masters. David Walker was a
free slave originally from the South, this
document was to install pride to black slaves and
give hope that it would someday change.

13. Thesis:
From 1775 to 1830, slavery in the
North decreased because of the
formation of moral groups and
slavery increased in the South
because of agricultural expansion.
Both free and enslaved African
Americans responded to the
challenges confronting them through
different forms of resistance such
running away, rebelling, and
advertising the conflicts.

14. Body Paragraph #1: Gained
freedom
 Outside information
◦ Transcendalists
◦ The Foreign Slave Trade
◦ Abolitionist
◦ Underground Railroad
◦ American Colonization Society
 Documents: A, F, and H

15. Body paragraph #2: Expansion of
Slavery
 Outside Information
◦ Cotton gin
◦ Slave codes
◦ Foreign slave trade
◦ Anti-abolitionists
 Document: C

16. Body paragraph #3: Free African
Americans’ Responses
 Outside information:
◦ Frederick Douglass (The North
Star)
◦ Harriet Tubman
◦ Underground railroad
◦ Abolitionists
 Document: B, D, E, I

17. Body paragraph #4: Enslaved
African Americans’ responses
 Outside information
◦ Running away
◦ “Sambo” pattern
◦ Nat Turner’s rebellion
◦ Denmark Vesey’s rebellion
◦ “Pidgin”
 Document: J, G

18. GOOD LUCK!!!!!