Overdentures

OVERDENTURES: TOOTH
SUPPORTED COMPLETE
DENTURES
DR VIJYANTA SUMAN
II MDS

CONTENTS
• INTRODUCTION
• INDICATIONS
• ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
• TREATMENT PLANNING
• SELECTION OF ABUTMENT TEETH
• LOSE OF ABUTMENT TEETH
• NON-COPING ABUTMENTS
• ABUTMENT WITH COPINGS
• ABUTMENTS WITH ATTACHMENTS
• SUBMERGED VITAL ROOTS
• PREPARATIONS OF THE RETAINED TEETH
2

INTRODUCTION
Any removable dental prosthesis that covers and rests on one or more
remaining natural teeth, the roots of natural teeth, and/or dental implants
Carl F. Driscoll. Martin A. Freilich. Albert D. Guckes. Kent L. Knoernschild. Thomas J. McGarry. Glossary
of Prosthodontic Terms-9. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry
Removable prosthesis that covers the entire occlusal surface of a root or
implant
Harold W Preiskel. Overdentures made easy, A guide to Implant and root supported prosthesis.
2006A traditional complete denture fabrication with natural teeth abutments
or with implants
Zarb. Hobkirk. Eckert. Jacob. Prosthodontic treatment for edentulous patients. south asia edition
A complete or partial denture prosthesis constructed over existing
teeth or root structure
Sheldon winkler. Essentials of complete denture prosthodontics. 3rd Edition
3

4
Overdenture is a denture that may be supported by soft tissue, bone, the root of a tooth, or a
modified tooth.
A tooth-supported complete denture is a dental prosthesis that replaces the lost or missing
natural dentition and associated structures of the maxillae and/or mandible and receives partial
support and stability from one or more modified natural teeth
Heartwell CM, Rahn AO. Syllabus of complete dentures. Lea & Febiger; 1986

5
• Hybrid denture
• Biologic denture
• Telescopic denture
• Overlay denture
• Onlay denture
• S • Superimposed denture
• Tooth supported denture

HISTORY OF
OVERDENTURES1856: Ledger described a prosthesis similar to an
overdenture & referred it as plates covering flanges
1888: Evans described a method of using roots to retain
restorations
1896: Essig and Peeso made telescopic like coping
1910: William Hunter considered it necessary to devitalize
roots in order to avoid sepsis
1969: Tallgren (7 yr study) 0.8mm loss of vertical height in
partial dentures compared to 6mm loss in complete
dentures
1978: Crum & Rooney-0.6mm of ridge reduction in
6
Preiskel HW. Overdentures made easy, A guide to Implant and root supported

INDICATIONS
7
• The presence of few remaining teeth
• Poor prognosis of complete dentures:- high palatal vault,
sloping ridges, poorly defined sublingual fold space,
tongue falling back
• When adequate vertical overlap of anterior teeth is
required for esthetic result
• When teeth are questionable as conventional abutment
• When large amount of bone & soft tissue lost on one
side, overdentures can be made only on that side
Allen A. Brewer. Robert M Marrow. Overdentures. 2nd Edition. P14-15

CONTRAINDICATIONS
8
• when another method promises to give superior results unless the
patient cannot afford the alternative treatment
• When a patient cannot maintain abutment teeth and periodontal
tissues surrounding them
ADVANTAGES
• Psychological benefits to patients
• Effect upon the edentulous ridge
• Tactile discrimination
• Improved stability and retention
• Equally effective or superior
method of treatment
• Simplicity of construction
• Ease of maintenance
• Open palate possible
• Reasonable cost
• Less trauma to supporting
tissues
• Stabilization of existing
structures
• Possibility of using attachments

DISADVANTAGES
9
• Overdenture treatment is more expensive
because of the endodontic therapy usually
required and the sub sequent restoration of the
teeth with alloys or gold copings
• Frequently the teeth to be retained also need
periodontal therapy
• overdenture is bulkier than fixed or removable
partial denture
• patients prefer fixed partial denture
• Weaker than CD due to space occupied by
retained roots but bears more load
Harold W Preiskel. Overdentures made easy, A guide to Implant and root supported

TYPES OF OVERDENTURE
10
overdentures
Transitional overdentures: obtained by
modifying an existing removable partial denture to
achieve overdenture status
Definitive overdenture: constructed for placement at 6 months
from the removal of last hopeless natural teeth and preparation of
abutment. Gingival margin should be firmly attached and ridges
should mature
Immediate replacement overdentures: An immediate
overdenture is constructed for insertion immediately after removal of
some natural hopeless teeth and an over denture is inserted as an
immediate replacement
prosthesis. 2006.p16-19

11
CLASSIFICATION
Tooth-supported
dentures
Noncoping
abutments
Selected root abutments
are reduced to a coronal
height of 2 to 3 mm and
then contoured to a
convex or dome-shaped
surface
Abutments with
copings
Cast metal copings with a
dome-shaped surface and
a chamfer finish line at
the gingival margin are
fabricated and cemented.
At either extreme there
are two distinct types of
copings: the short coping
and the long coping
Abutments with
attachments
Most attachments are
secured to the abutment
by a cast coping. The
objective of any
attachment is to improve
fixation and/or retention
of the denture base

13
Short cast copings are 2 to 3 mm long and normally require
endodontic therapy because the required coronal root
reduction would expose the pulp
Attached to the cast coping is a post fitted to the canal, For
this reason canals should be obturated with soft gutta
percha-like material rather than with metal points
Long cast copings are normally 5 to 8mm long. An attempt
is made to circumvent endodontic therapy by a conservative
reduction of coronal tooth structure
The end result is a long ellipsoidal-shaped coronal coping
and a larger crown-root ratio

14
Steps in fabrication of tooth supported
overdentures

15
Allen A. Brewer. Robert M Marrow. Overdentures. 2nd Edition. Treatment sequence for
CONVERT TO CONVENTIONAL COMPLETE DENTURE/REMOTE
OVERDENTURE/CONTINUE IMMEDIATE OVERDENTURE
IMMEDIATE OVERDENTUREIATE
PREREQUISITE ENDODONTICS
ABUTMENT ENDONTIC TREATMENT
PREREQUISITE PERIODONTICS
ABUTMENT SUPPORTIVE TREATMENT
PREREQUISITE ORAL SURGERY
REMOVE HOPE LESS TEETH ORAL HYGIENE COUNSELING
EXAM, DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT PLANNING
ORAL HYGIENE COUNSELING
OVERDENTURE PATIENTS

16
Dental examination
Carious lesions and defective restorations should be charted and vitality tests
made when indicated
Missing teeth and the condition of replacements should be noted
The occlusion, the presence of adequate denture space should be evaluated
clenching or bruxing and of abnormal tongue or lip habits should be observed
Periodontal examination
Although the majority of patients who are candidates for overdentures have signs
and symptoms of chronic periodontal disease, Generalized bone loss, increased
periodontal pocket depths, and hypermobility, The magnitude and direction of
mobility patterns should he recorded
Radiographic examination
Findings from a complete periapical radiographic survey are usually the basis for
abutment selection
retained roots, impacted teeth, crown-root ratios, carious lesions, radiolucent and
radiopaque lesions of the jaws, the status of previous endodontic treatments,
potential for endodontic treatment, and the status of the periodontiumAllen A. Brewer. Robert M Marrow. Overdentures. 2nd
Edition. P23-30

17
Pretreatment records
Accurate diagnostic casts mounted in a suitable
articulator supply information pertinent to the patient
and the selection of abutments
The occlusion should be analyzed to determine the
presence of deflective occlusal contacts, Information
disclosed by the diagnostic casts includes tooth
positions, jaw relationships, tuberosity impingement,
tori, available denture space, tissue undercuts, and
size as well as arrangement of teeth
Photographs & cephalometric radiographs can be used
as additional records
Allen A. Brewer. Robert M Marrow. Overdentures. 2nd Edition. P23-
30

19
Transitional phase of overdenture
construction
• Hopeless posterior teeth extracted 6 weeks before
prosthodontic therapy
• Reduction of large tuberosity or labial frenum if required
• Endodontic therapy if required in initial healing period of
posterior teeth sockets
• Preparation of anterior abutments till just above gingival
level
• If patient is already wearing partial denture, it can be
modified
Harold W Preiskel. Overdentures made easy, A guide to Implant and root supported prosthesis.
2006.p25-27

20
TREATMENT PLANNING
• Johnston and associates in 1965: "A bridge is indicated whenever there are properly
distributed and healthy teeth to serve as the abutments, provided that these teeth have
suitable crown-root ratios and that after radiographic, diagnostic cast, and oral
examinations seem capable of sustaining the additional load
• Consider the use of overdentures if four or fewer retainable teeth are present in an arch, and
consider removable partial dentures or other fixed or removable combinations if more than
four retainable teeth are present
• For some patients with orthodontic problems or congenital deformities, such as cleft palate,
an overdenture can be constructed over a complete or nearly complete dentition
• Types of patients suitable for overdentures are those destined to lose teeth in one arch while
the other arch remains dentulous and those with malrelated ridges, unfavorable tongue
positions or muscle attachments, or any situation in which stability or retention would be aAllen A. Brewer. Robert M Marrow. Overdentures. 2nd Edition.
P27-28

21
Selection and preparation of Abutment
teeth
Periodontal consideration: An abutment tooth must be chosen that is
surrounded by healthy periodontal tissues, 6mm of bone support for a
prospective overdenture abutment is the minimum,
Periodontal inflammation, Pocket formation, bony defects, and poor
zone of attached gingiva must be eliminated before commencement of
the treatment
Endodontic consideration: The crown root ratio can be made more
favourable,
Reduction of the clinical crown provides an inter-occlusal distance
more favorable in relation to the opposing teeth,
Tooth reduction also permits the use of malposed, tilted and single
molar roots as overdenture abutments following endodontic
therapy,
Single rooted tooth are preferred over multiple tooth
prosthesis. 2006.

22
Caries Management: teeth with minimal or no caries involvement should be
selected for abutments Although carious teeth can be used after successful
restorative procedures,
Choice of abutment is a tooth that has a healthy clinical crown.
Frequent recall check up
Treatment of the abutment with periodic fluoride application to insure
against any further break down

24
Abutment Number and distribution
• Ideal distribution is four abutments in an arch
• Three abutments in an tripod pattern can effectively
oppose a natural dentition
• The most common pattern is two canine abutments in
either arch
• Although not ideal, one abutment can support and
stabilize an overdenture

25

26
A canine and an approximating first premolar do not give
much more support than one abutment
sometimes approximating abutments are more difficult
for the patient to clean, and their presence may make
tooth positioning on the overdenture more difficult
It is essential to consider occlusion in selecting abutments
for overdentures
abutments for overdentures opposing a natural dentition
should be selected to reflect the increased need for
support and stability
prosthesis. 2006.

27
Abutment preparation
Preparation of abutment is one of the key steps in overdenture preparation
Vertical space available is determining factor
• Preparation of root surface just above mucosal level: Bare root face, Dome
shaped gold coping
• Use of attachments
• Thimble shaped coping
Preiskel HW. Overdentures made easy, A guide to Implant and root supported prosthesis.
2006.

28
Bare root face
Occlusal section of root canal can be filled with GIC/Amalgam
Advantages:
• simplest, cheapest, least space consuming
• Ideal during healing phase while gingival margins are becoming established
• Can be useful in case of uncooperative patients, or if more time is needed for evaluation
Contraindications
• Not used for long term when opposing natural teeth present (incidence of vertical root
fractures)
• Two opposing bare root faces are contraindicated (dentin to dentin contact-high rate of
wear)
• Can not be used if highly polished surface can not be produced
prosthesis. 2006.

29
prosthesis. 2006.

30
Precious metal coping
Developed by Lord & Teel in 1969
• Connections only when mechanical advantage exceeds its
disadvantages
• Cutting root filled teeth to dome shaped copings 1-2mm above ridge
crest – improves C:R, reduces lateral forces
• Used in conjuncture with immediate replacement overdenture
• First bare root surface given, after healing, abutment reprepared,
margins defined, coping produced & inserted

31
Root preparations for castings
A chamfer or bevel is required around the root preparation to allow adequate thickness of
metal to support the root structure & minimize danger of crack propagation
Preparations for dome shaped copings
Dowel preparation: direct technique
Matched reamer dowel system

32
Thimble shaped coping
• Useful for awkwardly distributed abutments
• Forms inner layer of telescopic prosthesis
• Requires good buccolingual & vertical space
• Contours of thimble determines path of
insertion of prosthesis
• Should be covered by adequate thickness of
denture base to avoid fracture
• Miller concept, 1958: gold thimble over vital
canines
• Retention of overdenture inversely
proportional to taper of coping
• Extensive preparation with thin copings –
perforation after a period

33
Mechanical Attachments
INDICATIONS
• Situation in which additional stability, retention and support
• Attachments may be particularly indicated where the retention is difficult to
obtain.
• Xerostomia
• Absence of residual alveolar ridge
• Congenital deformity (eg : cleft palate)
DISADVANTAGES
• May need frequent adjustment
• Loose their effectiveness through wear
• If design is bulky results in esthetic compromise
• Expensive

34
• The amount of vertical and faciolingual space available to house the retentive
elements after teeth are set, influences the selection of the retainer
Rigid attachment
• Should be used whenever possible
Advantages
• Reduction of load on the edentulous ridge and require fewer repairs than non-rigid
attachments .
• Minimum tipping of the abutment when subjected to lateral forces
Disadvantage
• Applied forces and movements of the denture, transmitted entirely on the abutment
Selection of appropriate attachment

35
Non-rigid attachment
Indications
• The geometric distribution of the remaining teeth is unfavorable for the
stability of the denture
• Tipping and rocking movements especially when the soft tissue support
is more resilient
• When only short dowel can be used to anchor the coping.
Advantage
• Reduced torque on the abutment tooth
Disadvantages
• Greater stress on supporting tissue

36
Single attachments
Indications
• Only one tooth remaining
• Diagonal position of the abutment
• Spans too long
• Insufficient space above the residual ridge
• Arches that are markedly V- shaped in the front
Bar connectors
Indications
• Periodontally weakened abutment teeth.
• Roots that accommodate only very short dowels (short or curved roots)
• Offer greater mechanical stability and wear resistance than single
attachment

37
Classification of Attachments
Coronal
Intracoronal
attachments
Extracoronal
attachments
Radicular
Telescope stud
attachments
•Bar attachments
Accessory
Auxiliary
attachments
•Screw units
•Pawl connectors
•Bolts
•Interlocks
•Pins/screws
•Rests

38
Stud attachments
Stud attachments are simple
in design consisting of
• Male stud type
• Female Housing Extraradicular:
male stud type
projects from the
root surface of
preparation
Eg: Microfix
Intrardicular: male
element forms part
of denture base
and engages a
produced
depression within
root contour
Eg: Ceka Revax

Rigid
•Does not allow movement of
the base
•Male post is threaded onto a
screw attached to a soldering
base
•Retention is gained by the
spring clip in female housing
engaging groove in the male
section
•Capable of torque on the
tooth
Resilient
•Allows vertical movement of
the base
•Has a soldering base and a
different male retention post
•The overall housing contains
mounting ring, bushing,
retention ring with a spring
helping movement in vt
direction
•use of residual ridge for
support 39

40
Rigid Resilient
Stress
Broken
Cylindrical
male unit with
rounded head
Allows vertical
and rotational
movement of
the female unit
around a
sphere shaped
male unit
Female
housing is
longer and
incorporates a
coil spring
Text Text Text

41
Winkler S, editor. Essentials of complete denture prosthodontics. Year Book Medical Pub; 1988.
• The male portion affixed to the tooth has a
rounded head at the top and split vertically into
four sections
• The four sections are capable of being
compressed
• Over the male part fits the female housing or
ring

42
• Retention from within the roots
• Male portion is a nylon post and a ball head
• Retention is by the ball head snapping into the undercut in
the female sleeve
Advantages
 Overcomes space problem
 Leverage negligible
 Attachment procedure quick
 Parallelism not necessary
Disadvantages
• Susceptible to caries
• Nylon stud may be bent
preventing seating of
appliance

43
Consist of a short stud with a groove
retaining a C shaped ring
Advantage
• Requires little space
• Because of its low height does not
need to be parallel if more than
one is being used
Disadvantage
• Difficult to prevent locking of
arms on acrylic
• Difficult for patient to seat the
denture

44
Schubiger Attachment
Screw system connecting anchor teeth to bar joints and bar units
Consists of screw base (interchangeable with gerber post attachment), ceramic
metal sleeve and screw lock nut
Advantages:
Convertible with weak abutments – if one tooth is lost, bar attachment can be
unscrewed, leaving solder base and threaded stud common to gerber stud unit

45
Consists of a prefabricated resin ball that is
incorporated with the wax up of post and
coping
Advantages :
• Easy and economical to fabricate
• O ring is replaceable
• Housing is free to rotate: less torque to
tooth
• 3 mm in height. Fit most space
limitations
Disadvantage :
• Wear and fracture of the resin housing

46
The different alloys used as magnets
• Cobalt-Samarium
• Iron-Neodynium-Boron
Advantage:
• Less need for parallel abutment
• Technique is simple,
• Minimum time at chairside and
laboratory
Disadvantage:
• Magnets are brittle
• Low corrosion resistance

• Bar connecters offers greater mechanical stability and
resistance than single attachment
• Indications :
• periodontally weakened abutment teeth with
increased mobility were primary splinting by means
of bar is desired
• roots that will accommodate only short dowels
• Two types:
• Bar joints
• Bar units
47

48
• The action of this attachment provides rotational movement between sleeve and bar,
utilizing more of the residual ridge for support
• It has a rounded or semi rounded contour so the retention clip and prosthesis can rotate
slightly during mastication
Bar joint

49
• There is no movement between the bar and
overlying sleeve
• This bar has parallel walls providing rigid fixation
with frictional retention
• Therefore can be classified as tooth-borne or
tooth supported appliance
Bar Unit

50
• Serves as either bar joint or unit and can
be used as stud attachment as well as bar
attachment
• System consist of:
• Preformed plastic bar which is cast
with the coping
• Preformed plastic clip which is
embeded in the denture base for
retention

51
• Preformed bar soldered to the
coping of the abutment
• Shape of the bar has parallel
sides with rounded tip
• To this fits a sleeve that is
embedded in the acrylic denture
BAR
UNIT
• Soldered to the coping of the
abutment teeth
• Bar joint is egg shaped and has
space between bar and sleeve
• Spacer is placed while placing
sleeve over bar so that free
movement is possible
BAR
JOINT

52
Ackerman and CM clips
• Similar to Baker clip
• Has retention wings on the clip for easy engagement
into the acrylic
• Spacer between clip and bar hence movement possible
Baker clips
• U- shaped clip fits a round wire which is soldered to
the coping which is then picked up to the denture base
with cold cure resin
• 11 and 14 gauge clip available to be used with
preformed/casted wire of same gauge

PREPARATION OF THE ABUTMENT TEETH
IMPRESSION PROCEDURES
MAXILLO-MANDIBULAR RELATION RECORDS AND TEETH
ARRANGEMENTS
FINAL TRY-IN
DESIGNING THE BASE
55

56
Impressions for Overdenture have three requirements:
• Impressions of the whole denture bearing area
• Impressions of the root preparations
• Correct relationship between two
Neil and Narn 1990: initial compound impression
with mylohyoid contracted, tongue pressed in
anterior palate, impression removed, chilled, bulk
reduced, 2mm of compound removed from surface
overlying mylohyoid and from buccal aspects of
roots, extension is then checked in mouth, surface
is painted with adhesive and alginate wash
impression made
Closely adapted acrylic resin tray can be made on
this cast
Preiskel HW. Overdentures made easy, A guide to Implant and root supported prosthesis.
2006.

57
Impression of root preparations: Locating procedures
• Before denture construction:
i. All in one Impression
ii. Completing metal work of root preparation and luting them in place
before making an overall impression
iii. Completing metal work for abutment preparations but placing them
without luting agents so that they are removed & placed in overall
locating impression
• After denture construction:
i. Laboratory processing
ii. intraoral processing
prosthesis. 2006.

58
All in one Impression is difficult to
obtain
Die production makes cast
useless for denture construction

60
Completing metal work for abutment preparations but placing them
without luting agents
• Most popular
• Used with bar and stud attachment retained overdentures
• Even with root copings
• First impression cast is sectioned to prepare individual dies,
aligning and soldering attachments to root restoration only after
artificial teeth position is planned
• Custom tray constructed once coping is completed and overall
impression is made and unluted metal castings are picked up in
impression
prosthesis. 2006.

61
Maxillo-mandibular relation records and teeth
arrangements
• The shape of the base for the occlusion rims must correspond to
that of the future overdenture.
• It should not cover the facial marginal gingiva in the abutment
region
• Any discrepancy in registration of horizontal relation will have its
first destructive effect on the abutment teeth

62
• Occlusal form of Overdenture corresponds to that of
complete denture
• Position of the artificial teeth should be within the
envelopes of action of tongue, cheek and lips
• The tipping and shearing forces due to incorrect
occlusion lead to increase in tooth mobility and
dislodgement of denture
Teeth Arrangement

63
• An overdenture base must provide all the retention like a
conventional complete denture
• In the presence of retentive elements the base is reduced to
the abutment and proximal spaces are kept open
• This is possible only when denture is reinforced by cast metal
framework
Designing the base

64
The reduced cross-sectional area of the overdenture due to mechanical
attachments can be compensated by cast reinforcing frameworks
thereby reducing the danger of fracture

65
• Dowel-coping with retentive elements are placed on
the abutment teeth
• Base is tested with indicator paste
• Dowel-coping cemented on the abutment and
prosthesis placed
Placement of
Overdenture

66
• Check adaptation of denture base
• Occlusion: precise intercuspation
essential
Check record can be used

68
Post insertion care
• Advise patient not to remove until his adjustment visit next
day
• Adjusted in conventional manner using disclosing material
• Oral hygiene instructions
• Soft bristle brush and soap to clean overdenture
• 1 week postinsertion advise patient to remove prosthesis at
night
• Disclosing tablets, fluoride toothpastes

69
Samra RK, Bhide SV, Goyal C, Kaur T. Tooth supported overdenture: A concept overshadowed but not
yet forgotten!. J Oral Res Rev 2015;7:16-21
Case 1: Overdenture with
cast copings with short
dowels
Preparation for the post was done
4 mm short of the apical length.
Custom post was prepared with
the help of a trimmed matchstick
with pattern resin, casted in base
metal alloy
The copings obtained were
checked for fit in the patients’
mouth and finally cemented with
glass ionomer cement

70
Proposed abutment teeth were
prepared on the diagnostic cast, and
the ability to accommodate O-ring
attachments was assessed
Preparation for the “O-ring” direct
access post was done, The rubber
band was placed over the O-ring
denture bases were adjusted to the
supporting mucosa using pressure
indicator paste. After the adjustments
were complete, then the attachments
were incorporated into the denture
base. Rubber band was used to cover
the height of contour and the denture
base attachment, that is, the nylon
caps were placed onto the abutments
and luted

71
customized bar between 33 and 44 with
copings and individual coping with dowel over
34
The bar attachment provides a separate,
parallel path for placement of retentive bar-
clips located in the denture base
A cylindrical post 4 mm long with antirotation
extension was prepared in the pulp canal in 33,
34 and 44

72
The bar framework was made egg shaped
with thinnest portion resting on the ridge
(modification of Dolder bar design)
A female component was fabricated as a
metal sleeve to snugly fit over the bar
This sleeve was perforated to allow for
the retention of the same for the intaglio
surface of the denture

73
In case of overdenture prosthesis, proprioception is maintained
Rissin et al. in 1978 compared masticatory performance in
patients with natural dentition, complete denture and over
denture. They found that the over-denture patients had a
chewing efficiency one-third higher than the complete denture
patients
Rissin L, House JE, Manly RS, Kapur KK. Clinical comparison of masticatory performance and
electromyographic activity of patients with complete dentures, overdentures, and natural teeth. J
Prosthet Dent 1978;39:508-11.

74
conclusion
A tooth supported Overdenture is very much at the forefront as the
treatment modality incorporating Preventive Prosthodontics concepts to
the core
When selecting an Overdenture attachment it is essential to consider
the skill of the dentist-laboratory team as well as the dexterity of the
patient and to use the easiest system that will still improve
stabilization.
Generally simplicity in design, ease of maintenance, and minimum
leverage should be paramount considerations in selection

75
References
• Sheldon Winkler. Essentials of complete denture Prosthodontics.
third edition
• Zarb-Bolender. Prosthodontic treatment for edentulous patients.
South Asia Edition
• Charles M. Heartwell Jr Arthur O Rahn. Syllabus of complete
dentures. fourth edition
• Harold w. preiskel. Overdentures made easy. first edition

76
• Allen A. Brewer. Robert M Marrow. Overdentures. 2nd Edition.
P14-15
• Samra RK, Bhide SV, Goyal C, Kaur T. Tooth supported
overdenture: A concept overshadowed but not yet
forgotten!. J Oral Res Rev 2015;7:16-21
• Rissin L, House JE, Manly RS, Kapur KK. Clinical comparison
of masticatory performance and electromyographic activity
of patients with complete dentures, overdentures, and
natural teeth. J Prosthet Dent 1978;39:508-11

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