Overnutrition refers to abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that can impact health. It includes overweight and obesity. Overweight is defined as a BMI between 25-30, while obesity is a BMI over 30. Childhood obesity is a BMI at or above the 95th percentile. It is associated with higher risks of chronic diseases. Factors contributing to overnutrition include energy-dense foods, low physical activity levels, and changes in living environments and lifestyles. Assessment involves measuring BMI, diet/activity history, physical exam, and potential lab tests. Prevention focuses on healthy weight through lifestyle and behavioral changes. Treatment prioritizes behavior modifications, with more aggressive options only for those not responding to other interventions.

1. Over Nutrition

2. Over Nutrition
Ali-Dahir Mohamed
Hibo Ali Elmi
Hamdi Hasan Egal
Feisal Abdullahi Farah
Malnutrition
Presentators Lecture Supervisor
Dr Aidaruus Abdullahi

4. Introduction
 Overnutrition is defined as abnormal or excessive accumulation of
fat in the adipose tissue that may affect the health status of
individuals. It is the sum of overweight and obesity
World Health Organization (WHO) defines
 Overweight as Z-score between +1 and + 2 standard deviation
(SD),
 Obesity as Z-score > +2 SD

5. Overweight & Obesity
 Overweight and obesity are defined as abnormal or excessive fat
accumulation that presents a risk to health.
 A body mass index (BMI)
 over 25 is considered overweight,
 over 30 is obese.

6.  Child and adolescent obesity was defined as a body mass
index (BMI) at or above the gender-specific 95th
percentile on the CDC BMI-for-age growth charts.
 Childhood extreme obesity was defined as a BMI at or
above 120% of the gender-specific 95th percentile on the
CDC BMI-for-age growth chart.
Obesity

7. Overweight
 Child and adolescent overweight was defined as a BMI
between the 85th and 95th percentile on the CDC BMI-
for-age growth charts.
 Childhood obesity is associated with a higher risk of
premature death and disability in adulthood

10. cont
 Overweight and obese children are more likely to stay obese
into adulthood and more likely to develop chronic diseases
like diabetes mellitus, hypertension and coronary artery
disease at a younger age, and increased future risks of
breathing difficulties, fractures, insulin resistance, cancer,
asthma, and psychological comorbid effects
 Over 71% of all deaths globally are due to
noncommunicable diseases (NCD)

11. Factors contributing of Overnutrition
 foods that are high in fats, sugars, energy-dense foods,
 Increasing low intensity activity due to new modes of
transportation and rapid urbanization,
 Dramatic changes in living environments as well as in diets
and lifestyles that promote positive energy balance

13. Causes of Obesity
Endocrine cause Genetic cause

16. ASSESSMENT
1. Anthropometric data, including weight, height, and calculation of BMI.

17. 2. Dietary and physical activity history Assess patterns and potential targets
for behavioral change.
3- Physical examination. Assess blood pressure, adiposity distribution (central
versus generalized), markers of comorbidities (acanthosis nigricans, hirsutism,
hepatomegaly, orthopedic abnormalities), and physical stigmata of a genetic
syndrome (explains fewer than 5% of cases).
4- . Laboratory studies. All 9-11 year olds should be screened for high
cholesterol levels. Other useful laboratory tests may include hemoglobin A1c,
fasting lipid profile, fasting glucose levels, liver function tests, and thyroid
function tests (if there is a faster increase in weight than height).

18. PREVENTION
 Prevention is the key to success for obesity control
Behavioral and lifestyle modifications are the primary
tools for reducing obesity
 Prevention of childhood obesity on the other hand can
be more rewarding, providing better chances for
reducing long-term complications.

19. levels of prevention
There are three levels of prevention in dealing with childhood obesity:
(1) primordial prevention as it deals with keeping a healthy weight and a
normal BMI through childhood and into teens
(2) primary prevention aiming to prevent overweight children from
becoming obese
(3) secondary prevention directed toward the treatment of obesity so as
to reduce the co-morbidities and reverse overweight and obesity if
possible

20. Healthy eating, with the number of calories used
with the activities and activity

22. TREATMENT
 More aggressive therapies are considered only for those who have not
responded to other interventions.
 the clinician should guide the patient who seeks weight reduction to create
SMART goals: Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic, and Timely.
 Pediatric experiences with drugs are limited. Anorectic drugs (suppress
appetite) are not recommended for routine use, and the efficiency and
safety of these drugs have to be established by controlled clinical trial.

23. In the context of a general lack of effective tools for
primary prevention or behavioral treatment of obesity,
surgical treatment may be advocated as a preferred and
cost-effective solution for certain children and
adolescents

24. Xaalka aduunka
Xaalka somalia