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This document discusses a novel direct-injection system for 2-stroke engines that uses LPG as fuel. It aims to increase fuel efficiency by reducing fuel spillage and fresh charge losses. CFD simulations analyze different injector positions and their effects. Graphs of mass flow rate and combustion chamber pressure show the best position is at the transfer port. Emission levels are also studied and compared to a conventional engine. The ignition system is recommended to use a fast-response inductive ignition to suit the direct-injection setup, though it can still work with the existing ignition.
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them 45% of diesel is consumed in transport sector. Total demand of liquid fuel is rising day by day. The
country has no natural sources of liquid fuels. As a result a huge amount of money spent for importing fuel from
abroad. This expenditure will be massive amount within a few years. The gas could be compressed natural gas
(CNG) or bio methane. The advantage is that this reduces fuel costs and when local bio methane is used, it also
contributes to the use of a more sustainable fuel supply.
CNG system suppliers are currently developing dual-fuel technology and have already converted
trucks, using government grants. Furthermore, various exploratory studies into the dual-fuel principle are being
conducted under contract to various municipalities in the context of sustainable transportation (fermentation of
city waste to produce bio methane for use as engine fuel). According to World Health Organization (WHO), the
safe limit of dust particles in the atmosphere is 40 to 80 micrograms, whereas in Dhaka city, it is 1700 to 2200
micrograms. To minimize environmental pollution in Dhaka, CNG played a vital role now a day. To use CNG
on commercial basis, different programs are taken to use compressed natural gas (CNG). This program mainly
concentrated on road transport. These programs cannot spread throughout the country due to some difficulties.
But there is a huge potentiality in road, marine, railway and stationary engines to use CNG.
Hydrostatic Continuous Variable Power Transmission Drive for Two wheelers usi...
Power transmission is an extremely important factor for the automotive industry today. In vehicles, the power transmission system is the major source of energy losses. This is an intentionally compact review for a module addressing basic Fluid Mechanics for incompressible fluids within the context of Applied Energy Systems. Rather than attempting to cover Fluid Mechanics in a very broad and general way, two practical areas are selected in the use of fluids, hydrostatic power transmission systems and the flow of fluids through pipes and fittings. Thus readers are prepared for applying the same and similar principles to a much broader range of practical applications in the future. The present review work relates to a rotary pump and motor transmission system, which permits a change in ratio between the speed of the driver and driven shafts from direct drive to neutral position. This transmission, which may be adopted for many uses, such as vehicles and machine tools, is endowed with the utmost ease of operation even under load, is of a simple and rugged construction and offers safety of operation even after an extended use.
Mixture distribution and flame propagation in a heavy-duty liquid petroleum g...
Mixture distribution and flame propagation in a heavy-duty liquid petroleum gas engine with liquid phase injection
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION ANALYSIS OF SINGLE CYL...
The document experimentally investigates the performance and emissions of a single cylinder diesel engine with a modified piston.
The researchers created a modified piston with two cutouts and two protrusions to improve swirl and fuel-air mixing. Testing showed that the modified piston enhanced brake thermal efficiency and increased emissions like CO and HC at higher loads compared to a regular piston, due to a richer air-fuel mixture.
Emissions of NOx and O2 were lower for the modified piston engine, while other emissions like CO2 were similar between engines. The modified piston had little impact on brake thermal efficiency and fuel consumption compared to a conventional diesel engine.
History of gasoline direct compression ignition (gdci)
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Numerical simulation and experimental investigation of Variable Geometry Turb...
This document describes a numerical simulation and experimental investigation of upgrading a diesel engine from a fixed geometry turbocharger to a variable geometry turbocharger (VGT) to increase power output. The researchers created a 1D simulation model of the engine in AVL Boost software and validated it with experimental data. They then simulated increasing boost pressure with the VGT and fuel quantity to target 52 kW brake power, a 20% increase over the baseline engine. Experimental testing on the upgraded engine with a VGT, intercooler and increased fueling achieved the power target of 52 kW at higher engine speeds, with a maximum torque increase of 14.5% compared to the baseline. The upgrades allowed for a more uniform torque curve.
History of gasoline direct compression ignition (gdci) engine a review
Abstract The first single-cylinder gasoline direct compression ignition (GDCI) engine was designed and built in 2010 by Delphi Companyfor testing performance, emissions and Brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC). Then after achieving the good results in performance, emissions and BSFCfrom single-cylinder engine, multi-cylinder GDCI engine was built in 2013. The compression ignition engine has limitations such as high noise, weight, PM and NOX emissions compared to gasoline engine. But the high efficiency, torque and better fuel economy of compression ignition engine are the reasons of Delphi Company to use compression ignition strategy for building a new combustion system. The objective of the present review study involves the reasons of building of the GDCI engine in detail. Keywords: Delphi Company,Emissions, Multi-Cylinder GDCI engine andSingle-CylinderGDCI Engine.
COLD FLOW SIMULATION IN AN IC ENGINE
Fluid flow dynamics inside an engine combustion cyl inder plays an important role for air-fuel mixture preparation. IC Engine model is developed u sing CATIAV5R20 tool. The model is then imported to Finite Element pre-processing tool HYPER MESH for the meshing analysis. The model is then imported to Finite Element solver tool. ANSYS FLUENT is used for post processing the results. The flow dynamics inside th e cylinder for different minimum valve lift is studied using FEA. Dynamic motion is visualized and velocity magnitude is plotted for different crank angle from 0� to 730�. Finally velo cities and crank angles for various valve lifts are compared.
R4103111114
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Performance and Emission Improvement through Optimization of Venturi Type Gas...
This document discusses the optimization of a venturi-type gas mixer for compressed natural gas (CNG) engines. Five different venturi configurations were designed and tested experimentally on a single-cylinder CNG engine. The venturi configurations varied the throat diameter and number of holes. Testing analyzed the performance parameters (torque, power, brake specific fuel consumption) and exhaust emissions (CO, HC) of the engine across its operating range when using each venturi design. The results showed that venturi number 3 provided the best performance. It maintained lambda and equivalence ratios closest to stoichiometric and optimal values. It also produced the lowest BSFC and lowest CO and HC emissions compared to the other venturi designs. Therefore, venturi number
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON EMISSION ANALYSIS OF SINGLE CYLINDER 4-STROKE D...
1. The document presents experimental investigation on emission analysis of a single cylinder diesel engine with a modified head using bio-diesels.
2. CFD analysis was conducted to analyze air flow in the combustion chamber. Testing found that with the modified head and bio-diesels, efficiency increased while emissions of HC, CO, and NOx decreased compared to traditional heads.
3. Emission testing showed reductions in CO and HC but increases in CO2 and smoke for bio-diesel blends compared to diesel alone. The modified head further reduced CO and HC for bio-diesels.
Dual fuel System
This document discusses various technologies for converting internal combustion engines to operate using alternative fuels. It focuses on dual fuel conversion systems that allow engines to run on both diesel and natural gas. The document provides overviews and specifications for dual fuel mixer components, control modules, sensors and other accessories required for a dual fuel conversion. It also presents case studies on dual fuel conversions conducted in Indonesia and discusses the cost savings and return on investment that can be achieved by converting to lower-cost alternative fuels like natural gas.
Variable compression ratio (vcr) engine a review
This document summarizes various approaches to achieving variable compression ratio (VCR) in automobile engines. It discusses 6 main approaches: 1) Moving the crankshaft axis, 2) Modifying the connecting rod geometry, 3) Moving the cylinder head, 4) Using a secondary piston or valve to vary combustion chamber volume, 5) Varying the piston deck height, and 6) Moving the crankpins. Benefits of VCR engines include improved efficiency, reduced emissions, and fuel flexibility. However, commercial barriers remain due to increased complexity and changes required to the base engine architecture.
Attachment 1_SLIC CL2 compressor selection report
This document compares screw compressor and centrifugal compressor options for a chlorine gas compressor. Centrifugal compressors generally have higher efficiencies but lower turndown capability compared to screw compressors. For this application, a centrifugal compressor could provide annual electricity savings of $147,000 due to its lower power requirement. However, screw compressors are better suited if large swings in gas composition are expected, as centrifugal performance is more sensitive to changes in gas properties. Maintenance is easier for options with vertically-split casings. The document provides detailed technical considerations and specifications from multiple compressor vendors for each compressor type.
Optimization of time step and cfd study of combustion in di diesel engine
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
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History of gasoline direct compression ignition (gdci)
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History of gasoline direct compression ignition (gdci) engine a review
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Optimization of time step and cfd study of combustion in di diesel engine
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COMPLAINTS AND APPEALS in Research examples from abroad
The document discusses several topics related to research misconduct allegations and whistleblowing. It provides guidance for complainants on carefully preparing allegations, protections for complainants, and reporting allegations to the appropriate institutional official. It also discusses cases where whistleblowers uncovered misconduct through diligent analysis of data, but faced resistance, and a case where a complainant was found to have defamed and invaded the privacy of the researcher through improper public disclosure of unproven allegations.
research methodology
There are several ways to identify research gaps including reviewing literature, discussions with colleagues, reviewing digital platforms, analyzing issues raised by organizations, examining highly cited research, and questioning aspects of previous research works. Some challenges in identifying gaps are the large number of unsolved issues to analyze, unorganized literature reviews, hesitation to question existing works, and lack of skills like curiosity and imagination.
prevention of flood using reataining wall
This document discusses the application of a retaining wall with a relief shelf for flood control in Kuttanad, Kerala. Kuttanad frequently experiences severe flooding, with water levels rising over 5 feet in many areas. The study aims to analyze how incorporating a retaining wall with a relief shelf can help control floods in the region. Retaining walls are commonly used in engineering, but adding a relief shelf can increase the stability of taller walls by decreasing lateral earth pressures. The document provides background on retaining walls and discusses software used for the finite element analysis. It also lists several references on retaining wall design and the impacts of flooding in Kuttanad.
Flood modelling and prediction 1
This document discusses flood modelling and prediction in Kerala using GIS and remote sensing. It provides background on Kerala's geography and climate, which causes frequent flooding. It then describes how GIS and remote sensing tools like digital elevation models, land use data, and rainfall data can be used as inputs to model flood inundation areas and predict future flooding. The outputs of these models, like flood extent maps, can help with disaster management and planning flood prevention measures.
Project
This document provides an overview of a project report on designing a multi-storied reinforced concrete building using ETABS software. The objectives are to analyze, design, and detail the structural components of the building. The methodology involves preparing CAD drawings, calculating loads, analyzing the structure, and designing and detailing structural elements. The building to be designed is a residential building with ground + 5 floors located in Chalikkavattom. Loads like dead, live, wind, and seismic loads will be calculated according to Indian codes and applied in the ETABS analysis model.
Body corctd
This document provides an overview of berth development projects at several ports. It discusses the scope of improving existing berths at Morehead Port in North Carolina and the Panama Canal by strengthening structures, increasing dredge depth, and adding new finger piers for larger ships. It also reviews a project to monitor lateral soil movement during dredging near berths constructed with diaphragm walls and piles at Jawaharlal Nehru Port in Mumbai. Geotechnical site investigations including testing were important for understanding soil conditions and designing stable berth structures.
Precautions cold weather
This document discusses precautions taken for concreting in sub-zero temperatures. It recommends selecting cement that hydrates fast to generate early heat, using admixtures like calcium chloride or sodium chloride to lower the freezing point of water and accelerate hydration, insulating concrete to preserve heat during curing, and employing air entraining agents to increase durability against frost damage by modifying the pore structure. Heating materials like aggregates and mixing water is also suggested to maintain the concrete above freezing during the pre-hardening period.
Self plan
The document contains floor plans for a two story building. The ground floor includes a 5x4 verandah, 3x4.2 store, 5x3 dining area, 4x2 car porch, 4x5 living room, 4x2 kitchen, and 1.8x4.2 toilet. The first floor contains a master bedroom, work area, two bedrooms, two toilets, and windows and doors labeled on the plans. Dimensions are provided for all rooms and building elements in meters. The plans were created by student Gayathry.T.J with roll number 27.
elevation
This engineering drawing shows elevation section A-A with various dimensions in meters. It includes dimensions for the overall height of 2.9 meters and widths of 0.12, 0.9, 1.2, 0.45 and 0.45 meters. Smaller dimensions shown are 0.1, 1.38, 0.13 and 0.6 meters.
houseplan1 (1)
The document contains a floor plan layout for a house with dimensions for various rooms and features. It includes a kitchen, two bedrooms, a dining/living area, verandah, toilet, and car porch. The bedrooms are labeled Bedroom-1 and Bedroom-2 and measure 3x4 meters and 4x5.3 meters respectively. An index provides labels and dimensions for doors, windows, and ventilators used in the plan.
Internship front pages (3 files merged)
This report summarizes the internship of the author at a construction site in South Kalamassery, Ernakulam. The five-day internship involved observing the reinforcement and concreting of the basement slab, and formwork of retaining walls. The project site is a five-story residential and commercial building. On the first day, reinforcement was placed for the basement slab. On the second day, the basement slab was concreted. The last two days focused on the formwork of retaining walls. The report also discusses soil testing, foundation design using a reinforced concrete raft, and concrete mixing and placement.
sedimentation
1. Water resources are essential for development but face increasing challenges from climate change, demand, and sedimentation. Reservoirs constructed on rivers are prone to sedimentation over time, reducing their storage capacity.
2. Sedimentation in reservoirs occurs as sediment particles from the watershed settle in the reservoir due to decreased flow speeds. This reduces the reservoir's storage potential and can impact downstream soil fertility and biodiversity. Assessing sedimentation is important for reservoir management.
3. Remote sensing techniques provide an alternative method for assessing reservoir sedimentation that is more expedient and efficient than traditional surveys. Satellite imagery can be used to measure changes in reservoir water spreads at different elevations over time, indicating loss of storage capacity
William john maquorn rankine
William John Macquorn Rankine, (born July 5, 1820, Edinburgh, Scot.—died Dec. 24, 1872, Glasgow), Scottish engineer and physicist and one of the founders of the science of thermodynamics, particularly in reference to steam-engine theory.
Trained as a civil engineer under Sir John Benjamin MacNeill, Rankine was appointed to the Queen Victoria chair of civil engineering and mechanics at the University of Glasgow (1855). One of Rankine’s first scientific works, a paper on fatigue in metals of railway axles (1843), led to new methods of construction. His Manual of Applied Mechanics (1858) was of considerable help to designing engineers and architects. His classic Manual of the Steam Engine and Other Prime Movers (1859) was the first attempt at a systematic treatment of steam-engine theory. Rankine worked out a thermodynamic cycle of events (the so-called Rankine cycle) used as a standard for the performance of steam-power installations in which a condensable vapour provides the working fluid.
William john macquorn rankine
William John Macquorn Rankine, (born July 5, 1820, Edinburgh, Scot.—died Dec. 24, 1872, Glasgow), Scottish engineer and physicist and one of the founders of the science of thermodynamics, particularly in reference to steam-engine theory.
Trained as a civil engineer under Sir John Benjamin MacNeill, Rankine was appointed to the Queen Victoria chair of civil engineering and mechanics at the University of Glasgow (1855). One of Rankine’s first scientific works, a paper on fatigue in metals of railway axles (1843), led to new methods of construction. His Manual of Applied Mechanics (1858) was of considerable help to designing engineers and architects. His classic Manual of the Steam Engine and Other Prime Movers (1859) was the first attempt at a systematic treatment of steam-engine theory. Rankine worked out a thermodynamic cycle of events (the so-called Rankine cycle) used as a standard for the performance of steam-power installations in which a condensable vapour provides the working fluid.
Utilization of jarosite generated from lead
Large quantities of industrial waste by-products are produced in India by different type of industries viz. Jarosite, Jarofix, Copper slag, Zinc slag, Red mud, Steel slag and Coal ash. For many years these materials were considered as waste and were dumped haphazardly near the producing plants. Efforts are being carried out by research studies to utilize these materials in embankment, sub base and base layers of road construction. Experimental studies have been also carried out to investigate their feasibility as an additive in cement concrete. Jarosite material is produced during extraction of zinc ore concentrate by hydrometallurgy operation. When zinc ore concentrate is roasted at 9000 C and subjected to leaching, Jarosite is formed as a waste material. The Jarosite material is mixed with 2 % lime and 10 % cement and transported to the disposal area as a Jarofix material.
Shahul
Tall structures are ;
Flexible, low in damping, slender and light in weight.
Sensitive to dynamic wind loads.
Adversely affect the serviceability and occupant comfort.
Oscillations are observed in the along-wind and crosswind directions and in torsional mode.
Behaviour of wind response is largely determined by building shapes.
Aerodynamic optimization of building shapes is the most efficient way to achieve wind resistant design.
In ancient China, tall buildings appear to be those of traditional pagodas.
Report
Abrasive jet micro-machining (AJM), in which abrasive parti-cles are accelerated by air and directed toward a target, has beenused to make components for micro-electromechanical (MEMS) and micro-fluidic capillary electrophoresis devices . One ofthe disadvantages of AJM is that the compressed air jet used topropel the erodent particles diverges significantly after the noz-zle exit, increasing the size of the blast zone and the width of thesmallest channel or hole that can be machined without the use of a patterned erosion-resistant mask that defines the micro-featureedges . Abrasive slurry jet micro-machining (ASJM) is similar to AJM except that pressurized water, instead of air, is used to accel-erate the suspended abrasive particles such as garnet or alumina(Al2O3). In both AJM and ASJM, the material removal occurs by ero-sion. However, for the same jet dimension and flow speed, slurryjets have a much lower divergence angle than air jets , allow-ing for the micro-machining of small features without the use ofpatterned masks.
Introduction presentation of project
This document discusses dynamic analysis of soil structure interaction on gravity dams. It first provides background on dynamic analysis and how the behavior of dams is influenced by foundation conditions. It then reviews literature showing that considering soil stiffness, mass, and soil-structure interaction leads to higher displacements and stresses in dams compared to models without these factors. The document outlines a methodology to model different soil types, analyze soil-structure interaction, and conduct dynamic analysis. It provides a time schedule and expected outcomes of discovering displacement based on soil-structure interaction and seismic response of the structure. Finally, it lists references on this topic.
Considering soil
• Considering soil-structure interaction makes a structure more flexible and thus, increasing the natural period of the structure compared to the corresponding rigidly supported structure
Chapter 1
Abrasive jet micro-machining (AJM), in which abrasive particles are accelerated by air and directed toward a target, has been used to make components for micro-electro-mechanical (MEMS) and micro-fluidic capillary electrophoresis devices. One of the disadvantages of AJM is that the compressed air jet used to propel the erodent particles diverges significantly after the nozzle exit, increasing the size of the blast zone and the width of the smallest channel or hole that can be machined without the use of a patterned erosion-resistant mask that defines the micro-feature edges. Abrasive slurry jet micro-machining (ASJM) is similar to AJM except that pressurized water, instead of air, is used to accelerate the suspended abrasive particles such as garnet or alumina (Al2O3). In both AJM and ASJM, the material removal occurs by erosion. However, for the same jet dimension and low speed, slurry jets have a much lower divergence angle than air jets, allowing for the micro-machining of small features without the use of patterned masks.
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COMPLAINTS AND APPEALS in Research examples from abroad
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Recycled Concrete Aggregate in Construction Part III
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
Modelagem de um CSTR com reação endotermica.pdf
Modelagem em função de transferencia. CSTR não-linear.
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptx
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXING TECHNIQUE FOR COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) is a method of transmitting multiple signals over a single communication channel by dividing the signal into many segments, each having a very short duration of time. These time slots are then allocated to different data streams, allowing multiple signals to share the same transmission medium efficiently. TDM is widely used in telecommunications and data communication systems.
### How TDM Works
1. **Time Slots Allocation**: The core principle of TDM is to assign distinct time slots to each signal. During each time slot, the respective signal is transmitted, and then the process repeats cyclically. For example, if there are four signals to be transmitted, the TDM cycle will divide time into four slots, each assigned to one signal.
2. **Synchronization**: Synchronization is crucial in TDM systems to ensure that the signals are correctly aligned with their respective time slots. Both the transmitter and receiver must be synchronized to avoid any overlap or loss of data. This synchronization is typically maintained by a clock signal that ensures time slots are accurately aligned.
3. **Frame Structure**: TDM data is organized into frames, where each frame consists of a set of time slots. Each frame is repeated at regular intervals, ensuring continuous transmission of data streams. The frame structure helps in managing the data streams and maintaining the synchronization between the transmitter and receiver.
4. **Multiplexer and Demultiplexer**: At the transmitting end, a multiplexer combines multiple input signals into a single composite signal by assigning each signal to a specific time slot. At the receiving end, a demultiplexer separates the composite signal back into individual signals based on their respective time slots.
### Types of TDM
1. **Synchronous TDM**: In synchronous TDM, time slots are pre-assigned to each signal, regardless of whether the signal has data to transmit or not. This can lead to inefficiencies if some time slots remain empty due to the absence of data.
2. **Asynchronous TDM (or Statistical TDM)**: Asynchronous TDM addresses the inefficiencies of synchronous TDM by allocating time slots dynamically based on the presence of data. Time slots are assigned only when there is data to transmit, which optimizes the use of the communication channel.
### Applications of TDM
- **Telecommunications**: TDM is extensively used in telecommunication systems, such as in T1 and E1 lines, where multiple telephone calls are transmitted over a single line by assigning each call to a specific time slot.
- **Digital Audio and Video Broadcasting**: TDM is used in broadcasting systems to transmit multiple audio or video streams over a single channel, ensuring efficient use of bandwidth.
- **Computer Networks**: TDM is used in network protocols and systems to manage the transmission of data from multiple sources over a single network medium.
### Advantages of TDM
- **Efficient Use of Bandwidth**: TDM all
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODEL
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
Computational Engineering IITH Presentation
This Presentation will give you a brief idea about what Computational Engineering at IIT Hyderabad has to offer.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoring
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
官方认证美国密歇根州立大学毕业证学位证书原版一模一样
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【美国密歇根州立大学毕业证学位证书】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
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留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
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Ousep abstract
- 1. ABSTRACT This topic deals with a novel idea of a Direct-Injection system incorporated into 2- stroke engine. Throughout South-Asia there are 25 million 2 wheelers running on 2-stroke engines and its mainly owned by daily labourers as there means of transport. This DI system also tries to increase the fuel efficiency by reducing spillage of fuel and also by reducing the fresh charge loss. LPG is the fuel which is being used here as it has its own inherent advantages over liquid gasoline. Injector is kept at transfer port so as to reduce stress upon Injector and to have flexible Injection timing. Even though this system works well with existing ignition system of the 2-wheeler it is being recommended to go for a fast-response inductive ignition system. CFD Simulations of various injector positions and its after-effects are thoroughly analyzed and various graphs are plotted to find the best injector position. Emission of different gases are studied and compared with an existing engine.
- 2. CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ABSTRACT LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF TABLES SI NO TITTLE PAGE NO CHAPTER 1 1 Introduction 1 CHAPTER 2 2 Literature survey 2 2.1 Literature survey 2 2.2 Objectives 2 CHAPTER 3 3 Investigation methodology 3 3.1 LPG – DI 4 3.2 Specification of engines 5 CHAPTER 4 4 Simulation setup 6 4.1 Transfer port 6 4.2 Injector 7
- 3. SI NO TITTLE PAGE NO CHAPTER 5 5 Ignition System 10 5.1 Characteristics of a DI ignition system 10 5.2 Electrical relations followed in ignition systems 13 CHAPTER 6 6 Result and Discussions 14 CHAPTER 7 7 Conclusion 16 CHAPTER 8 8 References 17
- 4. LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE NO TITTLE PAGE NO 3.1 Gasoline DI System setup 3 3.2 LPG DI System setup 4 4.1 Cross-Scavenged 2 stroke engine process 7 4.2 Flow pattern at 180˚ BTDC 7 4.3 Injector mass flow rate and combustion chamber pressure 8 (For cylinder head injector) 4.4 Injector mass flow rate and combustion chamber pressure 9 (For transfer port injector) 5.1 Magnetic circuit used in ignition system 11 5.2 Current v/s time graph 12 5.3 Fast rise inductive coil – no encapsulant or case 13 6.1 Percentage of the total mass of LPG short circuited to exhaust 14 Port for position 1, 2 and 3
- 5. LIST OF TABLES TABLE NO TITTLE PAGE NO 3.1 Specification of the 2 stroke vehicle’s engine 5 5.1 Fast rise inductive coil characteristics 11 6.1 Emission comparison 15
- 6. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT It is indeed a pleasure for me to express my sincere gratitude to those who have always helped me throughout my seminar report work. I would like to thank my report guide (Assistant Professor of MECHANICAL DEPARTMENT) who helped me selecting the report topic, understand the subject, stimulating suggestions, encouragement and also for writing for this thesis. I am sincerely thankful for this valuable guidance and help to enhance my presentation skill. I am thankful to all the teachers of MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT for offering their valuable suggestions. Last but not the least, I express my thanks to all my friends and my parents for their enthusiastic encouragement and complete support.