The document describes an experimental investigation of exhaust emissions from a petrol engine fumigated with ethanol. Key points:
- The study aimed to test performance and emissions of a dual-fuel engine running on petrol with ethanol or LPG fumigation at various rates and engine speeds.
- Results showed that fumigation reduced fuel consumption, BSFC and emissions of HC, CO and NOx compared to petrol alone. It also increased torque and BMEP.
- Of the two fuels tested, LPG fumigation performed better than ethanol due to LPG's higher calorific value and octane number.
This document proposes a new concept for internal combustion engines that uses homogeneous combustion in a porous medium. It introduces porous medium technology, which utilizes the heat transfer and flame propagation properties of highly porous materials like silicon carbide foam. This technology aims to achieve homogeneous mixing, ignition, and combustion within the porous structure to reduce emissions and improve efficiency. Two types of porous medium engines are described - one with periodic contact and one with permanent contact between the working gas and porous medium. The technology offers advantages like very low emissions, higher efficiency, fast combustion, and multi-fuel capability.
Comparative study of performance of dual plug and single plug si engine at diffIAEME Publication
The document describes a study that compares the performance of a dual plug spark ignition engine to a single plug engine. The dual plug engine was developed by introducing a second spark plug opposite the first plug. Experiments were conducted at different loads and compression ratios. Results showed the dual plug engine had better thermal efficiency, lower HC and CO emissions, but slightly higher NOx emissions than the single plug engine. The effect of compression ratio on the dual plug engine was also investigated, finding an optimum ratio for best performance and emissions.
This document analyzes the performance of a two-stroke petrol engine by varying the main jet diameter of the carburetor. The researchers tested a single-cylinder two-stroke engine on an experimental test rig under various loads and gear ratios. They measured factors like fuel consumption time, temperatures, and engine speed when running the engine with different sized main jets of 85, 90, and 95 at loads of 0kg, 5kg, and 10kg. Their results showed that each main jet size performed best under certain load and gear conditions, with smaller jets giving better results at higher loads and gears.
Study and performance analysis of combustion chamber using ANSYSGyanendra Awasthi
This document summarizes the design and analysis of a single cylinder hemispherical combustion chamber engine using ANSYS. It outlines the primary design decisions for an engine, describes the different types of combustion chambers and why a hemispherical chamber was chosen. It provides the specifications and dimensions of the engine components modeled in CATIA and analyzed in ANSYS including the valves, piston, combustion chamber geometry. The document discusses the different types of analyses that can be done in ANSYS including cold flow, combustion and emissions and summarizes the objectives and references for the study.
1) The document describes a new test method called OILPAS that measures engine oil aeration through optical imaging of bubbles in a test cell.
2) The OILPAS method dynamically aerates oil samples through agitation and measures the amount of dispersed gas as well as the time required for gas release.
3) Test results on various engine oils showed correlations between OILPAS measurements of aeration and deaeration to results from engine tests, demonstrating its effectiveness as an evaluation method.
Combined numerical experimental study of dual fuel diesel engine to discuss t...Shans Shakkeer
It is my m.tech seminar presentation,on the basis of a study carried out by Carmelina Abagnale a, Maria Cristina Cameretti a,Luigi De Simio b, Michele Gambino b, Sabatino Iannaccone b, Raffaele Tuccillo ( Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, Università di Napoli Federico II, Italy b Istituto Motori, C.N.R., Napoli, Italy ) were presented in 68th Conference of the Italian Thermal Machines Engineering Association, ATI2013, and Published by Elsevier ltd. in 2013
The document describes an experimental investigation of exhaust emissions from a petrol engine fumigated with ethanol. Key points:
- The study aimed to test performance and emissions of a dual-fuel engine running on petrol with ethanol or LPG fumigation at various rates and engine speeds.
- Results showed that fumigation reduced fuel consumption, BSFC and emissions of HC, CO and NOx compared to petrol alone. It also increased torque and BMEP.
- Of the two fuels tested, LPG fumigation performed better than ethanol due to LPG's higher calorific value and octane number.
This document proposes a new concept for internal combustion engines that uses homogeneous combustion in a porous medium. It introduces porous medium technology, which utilizes the heat transfer and flame propagation properties of highly porous materials like silicon carbide foam. This technology aims to achieve homogeneous mixing, ignition, and combustion within the porous structure to reduce emissions and improve efficiency. Two types of porous medium engines are described - one with periodic contact and one with permanent contact between the working gas and porous medium. The technology offers advantages like very low emissions, higher efficiency, fast combustion, and multi-fuel capability.
Comparative study of performance of dual plug and single plug si engine at diffIAEME Publication
The document describes a study that compares the performance of a dual plug spark ignition engine to a single plug engine. The dual plug engine was developed by introducing a second spark plug opposite the first plug. Experiments were conducted at different loads and compression ratios. Results showed the dual plug engine had better thermal efficiency, lower HC and CO emissions, but slightly higher NOx emissions than the single plug engine. The effect of compression ratio on the dual plug engine was also investigated, finding an optimum ratio for best performance and emissions.
This document analyzes the performance of a two-stroke petrol engine by varying the main jet diameter of the carburetor. The researchers tested a single-cylinder two-stroke engine on an experimental test rig under various loads and gear ratios. They measured factors like fuel consumption time, temperatures, and engine speed when running the engine with different sized main jets of 85, 90, and 95 at loads of 0kg, 5kg, and 10kg. Their results showed that each main jet size performed best under certain load and gear conditions, with smaller jets giving better results at higher loads and gears.
Study and performance analysis of combustion chamber using ANSYSGyanendra Awasthi
This document summarizes the design and analysis of a single cylinder hemispherical combustion chamber engine using ANSYS. It outlines the primary design decisions for an engine, describes the different types of combustion chambers and why a hemispherical chamber was chosen. It provides the specifications and dimensions of the engine components modeled in CATIA and analyzed in ANSYS including the valves, piston, combustion chamber geometry. The document discusses the different types of analyses that can be done in ANSYS including cold flow, combustion and emissions and summarizes the objectives and references for the study.
1) The document describes a new test method called OILPAS that measures engine oil aeration through optical imaging of bubbles in a test cell.
2) The OILPAS method dynamically aerates oil samples through agitation and measures the amount of dispersed gas as well as the time required for gas release.
3) Test results on various engine oils showed correlations between OILPAS measurements of aeration and deaeration to results from engine tests, demonstrating its effectiveness as an evaluation method.
Combined numerical experimental study of dual fuel diesel engine to discuss t...Shans Shakkeer
It is my m.tech seminar presentation,on the basis of a study carried out by Carmelina Abagnale a, Maria Cristina Cameretti a,Luigi De Simio b, Michele Gambino b, Sabatino Iannaccone b, Raffaele Tuccillo ( Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, Università di Napoli Federico II, Italy b Istituto Motori, C.N.R., Napoli, Italy ) were presented in 68th Conference of the Italian Thermal Machines Engineering Association, ATI2013, and Published by Elsevier ltd. in 2013
COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS OF TWO STROKE SPARK IGNITION EN...IAEME Publication
Experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of two stroke single cylinder, spark ignition (SI) engine, with alcohol blended gasoline (80% gasoline, 20% methanol, by volume) having copper coated engine [CCE, copper-(thickness, 300 μ) coated on piston crown] and compared with
conventional SI engine (CE) with pure gasoline operation. Performance parameters (brake thermal efficiency, exhaust gas temperature and volumetric efficiency) were determined with different values of brake mean effective pressure of the engine Copper coated engine (CCE) with methanol blended
gasoline considerably improved the performance in comparison with CE with pure gasoline operation. CCE with methanol blended gasoline increased the brake thermal efficiency, decreased the exhaust gas temperature and
increased the volumetric efficiency.
The white paper was presented at the Combustion Institute Canadian Section (CI/CS) 2017. The Spring Technical Meeting was held on the McGill University campus in Montreal, from May 15-18, 2017.
This document summarizes an innovative internal combustion engine concept for UAV applications. The engine uses stratified charge combustion with rich and lean zones to improve efficiency. It also incorporates a turbo compound configuration with multiple expansion stages to recover exhaust energy. Initial CFD analysis shows the stratified combustion and scavenging processes work as intended. The concept could enable high efficiency engines across a wide range of sizes, from 100 HP automotive engines to 7000 HP engines for UAVs.
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF A CONVENTIONAL DIESEL ENGINE RUNNING IN DUAL FUEL M...IAEME Publication
1. The document evaluates the performance of a diesel engine running in dual fuel mode with liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and diesel fuel.
2. LPG was inducted into the engine at rates of 0.094, 0.189, and 0.283 kg/hr using a fumigation method. This led to reductions in diesel consumption of up to 11% and improvements in brake specific fuel consumption of up to 32%.
3. However, brake thermal efficiency did not improve due to poor utilization of LPG's high energy content. While diesel was saved, using LPG resulted in higher overall costs and slightly reduced performance compared to diesel alone.
HCCI Engine Performance Evaluation Using FORTEReaction Design
This note describes how the FORTÉ Simulation Package can be used to include detailed chemistry in internal combustion engine simulations. The enhanced chemistry solution techniques in FORTÉ allow detailed chemistry to be efficiently included in the FORTÉ computational fluid dynamics (CFD) calculation. These enhancements allow designers to accurately predict ignition, emissions, combustion duration, and engine performance without sacrificing geometric fidelity and without compromising accuracy for solution efficiency.
The document presents a preliminary design of a turbofan engine aimed at achieving over 25,000 N of thrust with a thrust specific fuel consumption of less than 0.025 kg/s/kN. A MATLAB code was used to generate carpet plots of specific thrust and thrust specific fuel consumption for different bypass ratios, compressor pressure ratios, and bypass pressure ratios. The final optimal design parameters chosen were: a turbine inlet temperature of 1300 K, compressor pressure ratio of 30, bypass ratio of 6, bypass pressure ratio of 1.35, inlet diameter of 0.738 m, thrust of 25,050.9 N, and thrust specific fuel consumption of 0.0187 in order to meet mission requirements with high fuel efficiency.
The document summarizes a study on the performance of a twin plug spark ignition engine at different ignition timings compared to a single plug engine. The key findings are:
1) The twin plug engine showed improved performance in terms of higher power output, thermal efficiency and lower brake specific fuel consumption compared to the single plug engine under all ignition timings tested.
2) Emissions of HC and CO were reduced in the twin plug mode of operation due to the more complete combustion from two ignition points and faster flame propagation speeds.
3) Optimum performance was achieved with simultaneous ignition of both plugs at 260 degrees before top dead center, with higher efficiency and ability to use leaner mixtures compared to advanced or ret
The document provides the engineering problem definition, requirements, and analysis for designing a turbojet engine. It defines the operating conditions, constraints, and performance parameters to analyze. An engineering analysis is then presented using MATLAB code to calculate temperatures, pressures, mass flows, and other parameters across the engine for a range of compressor pressure ratios from 2 to 40. Graphs of key parameters like thrust, temperatures, mass flow, and efficiency are plotted to identify the highest performing compressor pressure ratio design.
This document summarizes a study on the effects of cooled exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on emissions and performance of a turbocharged homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine. The study was conducted on a modified 6-cylinder Scania D12 engine fitted with port fuel injection of ethanol and n-heptane. EGR effects were studied at idle, intermediate load without turbocharging, and high load with turbocharging. At idle and low speeds, the focus was on combustion efficiency and emissions of unburned hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide. At intermediate load, combustion efficiency and emissions from incomplete combustion were studied. At high load, the main focus was on nitrogen oxide emissions and the ability to run
Strategies for 3D Printing Advanced Hybrid Rocket Fuel Grains and Hybrid-Like...Jerry Fuller
This document discusses strategies for 3D printing advanced hybrid rocket fuel grains and developing hybrid-like liquid rocket motors. It begins with an overview of traditional rocket propulsion systems and the characteristics of hybrid rockets. It then outlines several ways additive manufacturing can be used to print complex fuel grain port designs that increase combustion efficiency and regression rate compared to traditional casting methods. These include printing the entire fuel grain, printing ports and shells to be filled, and combining printed and cast propellants. The document also proposes developing hybrid-like liquid rocket motors that remove turbopumps to reduce costs by using simpler, more accessible liquid fuels than traditional highly refined rocket fuels. In summary, additive manufacturing opens up new design possibilities for hybrid rocket fuel grains and moves toward
PCCI engines provide a promising solution to reduce NOx and particulate emissions by using a partially premixed combustion strategy. PCCI engines inject fuel early to create a premixed fuel-air mixture that burns predominantly in premixed combustion conditions. Various fuels can be used for PCCI combustion, including biodiesel blends which have shown lower emissions than diesel. However, controlling the premixed charge and ignition timing precisely remains a challenge, especially at low and medium engine speeds.
This document provides an introduction to engine combustion concepts. It discusses the basics of combustion including the key metrics used to evaluate combustion efficiency. The three main combustion regimes for engines are described as stratified charge spark ignition (SI), compression ignition (CI), and homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI). Several advanced combustion concepts are also outlined, such as dual fuel (DF), partially premixed compression ignition (PPC), and reaction controlled compression ignition (RCCI). Optical diagnostics for visualizing combustion are briefly covered. Examples of different combustion regimes in engines are shown.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
This document summarizes an experimental study of a modified diesel engine operating in homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) combustion mode compared to the original diesel combustion mode. The study found that HCCI combustion provided very low NOx and soot emissions but had challenges with hydrocarbon emissions, fuel consumption, ignition timing control, and performance at high loads. Cooled exhaust gas recirculation was used to control in-cylinder NOx production. Test results showed significant reductions in NOx and smoke emissions for HCCI combustion compared to diesel mode, along with generally higher hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions due to early fuel injection timing and fuel adhering to cylinder walls.
This document summarizes an experimental analysis of low-temperature combustion of biodiesel and diesel fuel mixtures in a compression ignition engine. The study aims to reduce NOx and soot emissions. Biodiesel-diesel mixtures were combusted in a homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) mode using high swirl ratio and exhaust gas recirculation. The results show that HCCI combustion with late injection reduced NOx and soot emissions compared to conventional diesel combustion. Increasing the biodiesel percentage in the fuel mixture further reduced soot emissions while only slightly increasing NOx emissions.
The document describes the new MAN B&W 48/60B medium-speed diesel engine. Key points:
- The 48/60B is an upgraded version of the proven 48/60 engine, increasing power 14% to 1200 kW per cylinder while improving fuel efficiency, reducing emissions and maintenance needs.
- Design changes include adopting a Miller combustion process, higher injection pressure, and increased compression ratio to boost efficiency. A new turbocharger design further improves airflow and efficiency.
- Testing of a prototype 12V 48/60B engine showed a 7 g/kWh improvement in minimum fuel consumption compared to the 48/60 and smoke emissions below 0.3, qualifying it as an "invisible smoke"
1. The document discusses various engine auxiliary systems including carburetors, ignition systems, fuel injection systems, and their components and workings.
2. It describes the types and parts of carburetors like the float chamber and venturi, as well as defects like improper air-fuel mixtures at different speeds.
3. Electronic fuel injection systems and their sensors that allow for precise fuel delivery controlled by an electronic control unit are also covered.
A Review Paper on Effects of Different Intake Manifold Designs on Diesel Engi...ijsrd.com
One of the objectives of car manufacturers is to improve engine performance, reduce consumption and reduce emissions. To achieve this objective, it is important to understand the phenomena involved in the combustion chambers of engines. There are various factors that influence the engine performance such as compression ratio, atomization of fuel, fuel injection pressure, and quality of fuel, combustion rate, air fuel ratio, intake temperature and pressure and also based on piston design, inlet manifold, and combustion chamber designs etc. Geometrical design of intake manifold is one such method for the better performance of an I.C. Engine. Air swirl motion in CI engine influences the atomization and distribution of fuel injected in the combustion chamber. Intake manifolds provides Air motion to the chamber. So, to get the maximum output with the least input on Diesel engine researchers are experimentally and computationally working on construction of the intake manifold configurations for increase in engine performance and reduction of Exhaust Emissions. In this paper i have studied few papers and also gone through basics of my topic from various books to understand the phenomena.
Air fuel mixing & spark ignition in 4 stroke engieMuhammad Faizan
The document discusses air fuel mixing and spark ignition in internal combustion engines. It describes the four cycles that occur: intake, compression, ignition, and power. In the intake stroke, an air-fuel mixture is drawn into the cylinder. In the compression stroke, the mixture is compressed. At ignition, the spark plug ignites the compressed mixture, starting the power stroke where the expanding gases power the piston. Finally, in the exhaust stroke, spent gases are pushed out of the cylinder. The air-fuel ratio, or mass of air relative to fuel, is important for combustion efficiency and reducing pollution.
This document provides an overview of mixture models and related machine learning concepts such as the Gaussian mixture model, EM algorithm, and their application to speaker identification and diarization. It first reviews Gaussian distributions and introduces multivariate Gaussian distributions. It then discusses latent variable models and mixture models for representing multiple sub-populations within an overall population. The EM algorithm is presented as a method for solving mixture models like the Gaussian mixture model. Applications to speaker diarization using Mel frequency cepstrum coefficients as features are also mentioned.
COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS OF TWO STROKE SPARK IGNITION EN...IAEME Publication
Experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of two stroke single cylinder, spark ignition (SI) engine, with alcohol blended gasoline (80% gasoline, 20% methanol, by volume) having copper coated engine [CCE, copper-(thickness, 300 μ) coated on piston crown] and compared with
conventional SI engine (CE) with pure gasoline operation. Performance parameters (brake thermal efficiency, exhaust gas temperature and volumetric efficiency) were determined with different values of brake mean effective pressure of the engine Copper coated engine (CCE) with methanol blended
gasoline considerably improved the performance in comparison with CE with pure gasoline operation. CCE with methanol blended gasoline increased the brake thermal efficiency, decreased the exhaust gas temperature and
increased the volumetric efficiency.
The white paper was presented at the Combustion Institute Canadian Section (CI/CS) 2017. The Spring Technical Meeting was held on the McGill University campus in Montreal, from May 15-18, 2017.
This document summarizes an innovative internal combustion engine concept for UAV applications. The engine uses stratified charge combustion with rich and lean zones to improve efficiency. It also incorporates a turbo compound configuration with multiple expansion stages to recover exhaust energy. Initial CFD analysis shows the stratified combustion and scavenging processes work as intended. The concept could enable high efficiency engines across a wide range of sizes, from 100 HP automotive engines to 7000 HP engines for UAVs.
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF A CONVENTIONAL DIESEL ENGINE RUNNING IN DUAL FUEL M...IAEME Publication
1. The document evaluates the performance of a diesel engine running in dual fuel mode with liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and diesel fuel.
2. LPG was inducted into the engine at rates of 0.094, 0.189, and 0.283 kg/hr using a fumigation method. This led to reductions in diesel consumption of up to 11% and improvements in brake specific fuel consumption of up to 32%.
3. However, brake thermal efficiency did not improve due to poor utilization of LPG's high energy content. While diesel was saved, using LPG resulted in higher overall costs and slightly reduced performance compared to diesel alone.
HCCI Engine Performance Evaluation Using FORTEReaction Design
This note describes how the FORTÉ Simulation Package can be used to include detailed chemistry in internal combustion engine simulations. The enhanced chemistry solution techniques in FORTÉ allow detailed chemistry to be efficiently included in the FORTÉ computational fluid dynamics (CFD) calculation. These enhancements allow designers to accurately predict ignition, emissions, combustion duration, and engine performance without sacrificing geometric fidelity and without compromising accuracy for solution efficiency.
The document presents a preliminary design of a turbofan engine aimed at achieving over 25,000 N of thrust with a thrust specific fuel consumption of less than 0.025 kg/s/kN. A MATLAB code was used to generate carpet plots of specific thrust and thrust specific fuel consumption for different bypass ratios, compressor pressure ratios, and bypass pressure ratios. The final optimal design parameters chosen were: a turbine inlet temperature of 1300 K, compressor pressure ratio of 30, bypass ratio of 6, bypass pressure ratio of 1.35, inlet diameter of 0.738 m, thrust of 25,050.9 N, and thrust specific fuel consumption of 0.0187 in order to meet mission requirements with high fuel efficiency.
The document summarizes a study on the performance of a twin plug spark ignition engine at different ignition timings compared to a single plug engine. The key findings are:
1) The twin plug engine showed improved performance in terms of higher power output, thermal efficiency and lower brake specific fuel consumption compared to the single plug engine under all ignition timings tested.
2) Emissions of HC and CO were reduced in the twin plug mode of operation due to the more complete combustion from two ignition points and faster flame propagation speeds.
3) Optimum performance was achieved with simultaneous ignition of both plugs at 260 degrees before top dead center, with higher efficiency and ability to use leaner mixtures compared to advanced or ret
The document provides the engineering problem definition, requirements, and analysis for designing a turbojet engine. It defines the operating conditions, constraints, and performance parameters to analyze. An engineering analysis is then presented using MATLAB code to calculate temperatures, pressures, mass flows, and other parameters across the engine for a range of compressor pressure ratios from 2 to 40. Graphs of key parameters like thrust, temperatures, mass flow, and efficiency are plotted to identify the highest performing compressor pressure ratio design.
This document summarizes a study on the effects of cooled exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on emissions and performance of a turbocharged homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine. The study was conducted on a modified 6-cylinder Scania D12 engine fitted with port fuel injection of ethanol and n-heptane. EGR effects were studied at idle, intermediate load without turbocharging, and high load with turbocharging. At idle and low speeds, the focus was on combustion efficiency and emissions of unburned hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide. At intermediate load, combustion efficiency and emissions from incomplete combustion were studied. At high load, the main focus was on nitrogen oxide emissions and the ability to run
Strategies for 3D Printing Advanced Hybrid Rocket Fuel Grains and Hybrid-Like...Jerry Fuller
This document discusses strategies for 3D printing advanced hybrid rocket fuel grains and developing hybrid-like liquid rocket motors. It begins with an overview of traditional rocket propulsion systems and the characteristics of hybrid rockets. It then outlines several ways additive manufacturing can be used to print complex fuel grain port designs that increase combustion efficiency and regression rate compared to traditional casting methods. These include printing the entire fuel grain, printing ports and shells to be filled, and combining printed and cast propellants. The document also proposes developing hybrid-like liquid rocket motors that remove turbopumps to reduce costs by using simpler, more accessible liquid fuels than traditional highly refined rocket fuels. In summary, additive manufacturing opens up new design possibilities for hybrid rocket fuel grains and moves toward
PCCI engines provide a promising solution to reduce NOx and particulate emissions by using a partially premixed combustion strategy. PCCI engines inject fuel early to create a premixed fuel-air mixture that burns predominantly in premixed combustion conditions. Various fuels can be used for PCCI combustion, including biodiesel blends which have shown lower emissions than diesel. However, controlling the premixed charge and ignition timing precisely remains a challenge, especially at low and medium engine speeds.
This document provides an introduction to engine combustion concepts. It discusses the basics of combustion including the key metrics used to evaluate combustion efficiency. The three main combustion regimes for engines are described as stratified charge spark ignition (SI), compression ignition (CI), and homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI). Several advanced combustion concepts are also outlined, such as dual fuel (DF), partially premixed compression ignition (PPC), and reaction controlled compression ignition (RCCI). Optical diagnostics for visualizing combustion are briefly covered. Examples of different combustion regimes in engines are shown.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
This document summarizes an experimental study of a modified diesel engine operating in homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) combustion mode compared to the original diesel combustion mode. The study found that HCCI combustion provided very low NOx and soot emissions but had challenges with hydrocarbon emissions, fuel consumption, ignition timing control, and performance at high loads. Cooled exhaust gas recirculation was used to control in-cylinder NOx production. Test results showed significant reductions in NOx and smoke emissions for HCCI combustion compared to diesel mode, along with generally higher hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions due to early fuel injection timing and fuel adhering to cylinder walls.
This document summarizes an experimental analysis of low-temperature combustion of biodiesel and diesel fuel mixtures in a compression ignition engine. The study aims to reduce NOx and soot emissions. Biodiesel-diesel mixtures were combusted in a homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) mode using high swirl ratio and exhaust gas recirculation. The results show that HCCI combustion with late injection reduced NOx and soot emissions compared to conventional diesel combustion. Increasing the biodiesel percentage in the fuel mixture further reduced soot emissions while only slightly increasing NOx emissions.
The document describes the new MAN B&W 48/60B medium-speed diesel engine. Key points:
- The 48/60B is an upgraded version of the proven 48/60 engine, increasing power 14% to 1200 kW per cylinder while improving fuel efficiency, reducing emissions and maintenance needs.
- Design changes include adopting a Miller combustion process, higher injection pressure, and increased compression ratio to boost efficiency. A new turbocharger design further improves airflow and efficiency.
- Testing of a prototype 12V 48/60B engine showed a 7 g/kWh improvement in minimum fuel consumption compared to the 48/60 and smoke emissions below 0.3, qualifying it as an "invisible smoke"
1. The document discusses various engine auxiliary systems including carburetors, ignition systems, fuel injection systems, and their components and workings.
2. It describes the types and parts of carburetors like the float chamber and venturi, as well as defects like improper air-fuel mixtures at different speeds.
3. Electronic fuel injection systems and their sensors that allow for precise fuel delivery controlled by an electronic control unit are also covered.
A Review Paper on Effects of Different Intake Manifold Designs on Diesel Engi...ijsrd.com
One of the objectives of car manufacturers is to improve engine performance, reduce consumption and reduce emissions. To achieve this objective, it is important to understand the phenomena involved in the combustion chambers of engines. There are various factors that influence the engine performance such as compression ratio, atomization of fuel, fuel injection pressure, and quality of fuel, combustion rate, air fuel ratio, intake temperature and pressure and also based on piston design, inlet manifold, and combustion chamber designs etc. Geometrical design of intake manifold is one such method for the better performance of an I.C. Engine. Air swirl motion in CI engine influences the atomization and distribution of fuel injected in the combustion chamber. Intake manifolds provides Air motion to the chamber. So, to get the maximum output with the least input on Diesel engine researchers are experimentally and computationally working on construction of the intake manifold configurations for increase in engine performance and reduction of Exhaust Emissions. In this paper i have studied few papers and also gone through basics of my topic from various books to understand the phenomena.
Air fuel mixing & spark ignition in 4 stroke engieMuhammad Faizan
The document discusses air fuel mixing and spark ignition in internal combustion engines. It describes the four cycles that occur: intake, compression, ignition, and power. In the intake stroke, an air-fuel mixture is drawn into the cylinder. In the compression stroke, the mixture is compressed. At ignition, the spark plug ignites the compressed mixture, starting the power stroke where the expanding gases power the piston. Finally, in the exhaust stroke, spent gases are pushed out of the cylinder. The air-fuel ratio, or mass of air relative to fuel, is important for combustion efficiency and reducing pollution.
This document provides an overview of mixture models and related machine learning concepts such as the Gaussian mixture model, EM algorithm, and their application to speaker identification and diarization. It first reviews Gaussian distributions and introduces multivariate Gaussian distributions. It then discusses latent variable models and mixture models for representing multiple sub-populations within an overall population. The EM algorithm is presented as a method for solving mixture models like the Gaussian mixture model. Applications to speaker diarization using Mel frequency cepstrum coefficients as features are also mentioned.
El documento describe las relaciones económicas entre Cuba y Estados Unidos desde 1959 hasta la actualidad. Tras la revolución cubana de 1959, Fidel Castro expropió empresas estadounidenses en Cuba, llevando a EE.UU. a imponer un embargo comercial. Aunque Cuba buscó comercio con otros países, la ley Helms-Burton de 1996 sancionó a empresas extranjeras que hacían negocios en propiedades confiscadas, afectando a socios comerciales de Cuba como la UE. Las relaciones han mejorado parcialmente en años recientes, pero
Member Services Update, by Vivek Nigam [APNIC 38]APNIC
The document summarizes updates and improvements to APNIC's Member Services team. It discusses the team's multilingual and multi-skilled capabilities and the services they provide to members. It also outlines campaigns to improve abuse contact information and encourage reverse DNS delegation. New systems like a VOIP phone system and MyAPNIC portal are highlighted. Trends around geolocation issues and questions about reverse DNS registration and processing times are also summarized.
2010 Presentacion Adaptamos Larga Con Fotosadaptamosgroup
Adaptamos Group es una empresa dedicada a mejorar la accesibilidad y calidad de vida de personas con discapacidad a través de 5 líneas principales: 1) asesoramiento y ejecución de proyectos de accesibilidad, 2) eliminación de barreras comunicativas y arquitectónicas, 3) formación en accesibilidad, 4) venta de ayudas técnicas y de movilidad, y 5) servicios de turismo y ocio accesibles. La empresa ofrece soluciones integrales en materia de accesibilidad.
El documento habla sobre la sostenibilidad ambiental en el Perú. Explica conceptos clave como desarrollo sostenible y los objetivos de desarrollo del milenio. También analiza los principales problemas ambientales en el Perú como la contaminación y el crecimiento urbano desordenado. Finalmente, describe las instituciones involucradas en la sostenibilidad ambiental como CONAM, INRENA y DIGESA.
Pirelli F1 Shop: from Social Community to Social CommerceConnexia
Presentazione di Alessandro Cattaneo, Digital Marketing Manager F1 di Pirelli, nel corso del convegno "Macro-trend 2013: sempre più brand community" alla Social Media Week di Torino #SMWBRANDCOMMUNITY
Este documento describe la presión arterial y la frecuencia cardiaca en las diferentes etapas de la vida, incluyendo valores normales. Explica que la presión sistólica es el máximo valor alcanzado por la onda de pulso y la presión diastólica es el mínimo valor entre latidos. También enumera los rangos normales de presión sistólica y diastólica para lactantes, niños, adolescentes, adultos jóvenes, adultos y adultos mayores.
La página web www.educainflamatoria.com se ha actualizado con un nuevo formato más visual y amigable para dispositivos móviles con el objetivo de mejorar la atención a pacientes con Enfermedad Inflamatoria Intestinal. La renovación incluye nuevas secciones para que los pacientes puedan resolver dudas y compartir experiencias, con el fin de favorecer su educación, autocuidado y cumplimiento del tratamiento. El proyecto se ha expandido a más hospitales en España y permitirá a otras unidades adherirse para proveer inform
Christmas spirit is present all year where there is love. If houses shine brightly and hearts are joyful during the holidays, a magic bond connects people. Giving love daily means having a bit of Christmas spirit every day. True peace only exists between faith and trust. Christmas is a time for respite of the soul, celebration of joy, and festival of friendship that combines all cultures, ages, and social classes.
OpenTerms provides a basis for asset managers, their clients and their intermediaries to describe terms of business, including fees, commissions and distribution rights. It enables companies to prepare commercial term sheets using document assembly software, and to deliver output as printable documents and XML data files.
OpenTerms is derived from the "Dematerialised Mutual Fund Sales Agreements" industry project. It has been extended to provide support for segregated accounts, fee calculations based on cash flow adjustments, performance fees, fund platforms and many other features.
OpenTerms can be used free of charge under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence.
El documento resume las respuestas que Dios ofrece a las dudas y preocupaciones comunes de las personas. Cuando alguien dice que no puede resolver algo, que es imposible, que se siente solo o cansado, o que no merece perdón, Dios responde ofreciendo guía, fuerza, compañía, descanso y perdón. El documento también indica que Jesucristo es el camino a Dios y que la Biblia contiene todo lo que Dios quiere decirnos.
Oportunidades de internet y redes sociales para profesionalesUCCI
Este documento presenta una introducción a las oportunidades de internet y las redes sociales. Explica brevemente la historia de internet y el surgimiento de plataformas como Google, Facebook y LinkedIn. Además, ofrece consejos sobre cómo usar estratégicamente las redes sociales para fines profesionales, académicos y de negocios. Finalmente, recomienda tener una estrategia y plan de acción para aprovechar al máximo las oportunidades que brindan las redes en línea.
Este documento presenta un proyecto de fin de carrera para desarrollar un sistema CRM de código abierto para la empresa Japan Tobacco International. Se analizan varios sistemas CRM comerciales para determinar cuál se ajusta mejor a los requisitos de la empresa. Se elige SugarCRM y se desarrolla una aplicación basada en los requisitos de JTI, detallando todo el proceso. El documento también incluye un manual de usuario y detalles sobre la instalación y pruebas funcionales del sistema CRM.
El Santuario de Nuestra Señora de las Lajas en Colombia cuenta la historia de cómo una indígena encontró la imagen de la Virgen María en las rocas en el siglo XVIII. Desde entonces, los fieles han construido cuatro templos sucesivamente mayores alrededor de la imagen, culminando en el actual santuario terminado en 1949. El Santuario de las Lajas es uno de los lugares más visitados de América durante la Semana Santa y ha recibido varios reconocimientos por su belleza arquitectónica y devoción religiosa.
Presentación introductoria sobre el alcance e importancia de la Analítica Web en proyectos digitales y para la gestión del Marketing Online para el curso de Analitica Web de La Industrial.
Este documento describe los síntomas comunes en niños como fiebre, rinorrea, tos, vómitos y diarrea. Explica cuándo es necesario consultar al pediatra por estos síntomas y proporciona recomendaciones sobre el control de infecciones en las escuelas infantiles a través de la inmunización, higiene y exclusión temporal de niños enfermos.
El resumen presenta los datos personales y la formación académica de Daniel Shechkov, un hombre ucraniano de 21 años que actualmente cursa un grado en Turismo y Finanzas en la Universidad de Sevilla. Habla inglés, español, ruso y ucraniano y tiene conocimientos avanzados de informática. Está disponible para incorporarse de inmediato.
Optimization of Operating Parameters on a Diesel Engine using Grey Relational...IRJET Journal
This document describes an experiment to optimize the operating parameters of a single cylinder diesel engine using Grey Relational Analysis. The performance and emissions of the engine were tested at various loads, fuel injection timings, and fuel injection pressures. Grey Relational Analysis and ANOVA were used to determine the optimal combination of operating parameters. The results showed that the optimal parameter combination was 18A load, 250 degrees bTDC injection timing, and 24 N/mm2 injection pressure. ANOVA analysis found that fuel injection pressure was the most significant factor, contributing 47% to the results.
Effect Of Compression Ratio On The Performance Of Diesel Engine At Different ...IJERA Editor
Variable compression ratio (VCR) technology has long been recognized as a method for improving the
automobile engine performance, efficiency, fuel economy with reduced emission. The main feature of the VCR
engine is to operate at different compression ratio, by changing the combustion chamber volume, depending on
the vehicle performance needs .The need to improve the performance characteristics of the IC Engine has
necessitated the present research. Increasing the compression ratio to improve on the performance is an option.
The compression ratio is a factor that influences the performance characteristics of internal combustion engines.
This work is an experimental investigation of the influence of the compression ratio on the brake power, brake
thermal efficiency, brake mean effective pressure and specific fuel consumption of the Kirloskar variable
compression ratio duel fuel engine. Compression Ratios of 14, 15, 16 and 18 and engine loads of 3kg to 12 kg,
in increments of 3kg, were utilized for Diesel.
Effect of spiral grooves in piston bowl on exhaust emissions of direct inject...eSAT Publishing House
This document summarizes a study on the effects of spiral grooves in the piston bowl on exhaust emissions from a direct injection diesel engine. Three spiral grooves were cut into the inner surface of the piston bowl, slightly increasing the bowl diameter. Testing found this modified piston reduced NOx emissions by 8.82% and fuel consumption by 0.1 kg/hour compared to the standard piston at full engine load. Carbon monoxide was also reduced by 7.7%, while exhaust gas temperature decreased by 4.8 degrees Celsius. The spiral grooves enhanced swirling flow in the combustion chamber for better air-fuel mixing, lowering emissions while maintaining brake thermal efficiency.
Prediction on Increasing the Efficiency of Single Cylinder DI Diesel Engine U...IJMER
Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) System means to use the Exhaust Gas coming from
Exhaust Manifold to Inlet Manifold in order to reduce the Emission of NOX which is particularly very
harmful. Engine without EGR are more pollutant & uses more atmospherically air for combustion. By
Implementation of EGR system in Engine, the Partial Exhaust Gas is re-circulated again in Engine. The
aim of this work is to review the potential of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) to reduce the exhaust
emissions, particularly NOX emissions, and to delimit the application range of this technique. The
system is very much Eco Friendly. Using Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) Technique in engines, the
emissions are very much controlled. This method is very reliable in terms of fuel consumption.
This document discusses using a back propagation neural network (BPNN) to predict carbon monoxide (CO) emissions from a diesel engine. It begins by providing background on BPNN and how it was applied in this study. Experimental data on engine parameters and CO emissions were collected from tests. The data were divided into training and testing sets to train and validate the BPNN. Different combinations of engine parameters were used as inputs to the BPNN in various "strategies" to determine the best parameters for accurately predicting CO emissions. The BPNN architecture and training parameters were optimized to minimize error between predicted and actual CO emissions. The goal was to develop a method for predicting emissions to better control engine parameters and reduce pollution.
INFLUENCE OF INJECTOR OPENING PRESSURE ON EXHAUST EMISSIONS IN DI DIESEL ENGI...IAEME Publication
Experiments were conducted to study exhaust emissions of direct injection (DI) diesel engine with different levels of low heat rejection (LHR) combustion chamber such as i) ceramic coated cylinder head, ii) air gap insulated piston and air gap insulated liner and iii) ceramic coated cylinder head along with air gap insulation with pure diesel operation with varied injector opening pressure.Exhaust emissions of particulate emissions and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) were determined at various
values of brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) of the engine. Particulate emissions were measured by AVL Smoke meter, while NOx by Netel Chromatograph NOx analyzer
This document summarizes a study on the influence of injector opening pressure on exhaust emissions in a direct injection diesel engine with three levels of insulation operated on diesel fuel. Experiments were conducted with a conventional engine and engines featuring ceramic coated cylinder heads, air gap insulated pistons and liners, and a combination of the two insulation techniques. Exhaust emissions of particulate matter and nitrogen oxides were measured at varying brake mean effective pressures and injector opening pressures. The insulated combustion chambers showed higher nitrogen oxide emissions than the conventional engine, while particulate emissions were comparable. Increasing the injector opening pressure reduced exhaust emissions for all engine configurations.
This document analyzes the effect of applying a magnetic field along the fuel line of a single cylinder four stroke diesel engine on performance and emissions. Experiments were conducted with and without a 2000 gauss ferrite magnet placed before the fuel injector. Results showed that the magnetic field reduced specific fuel consumption by up to 8% at higher loads by improving fuel atomization. Emissions of NOx, HC, and CO were also reduced, by up to 27.7%, 30%, and 9.72% respectively. Brake thermal efficiency increased up to 2% due to better combustion from the magnetic field influencing the hydrogen spin states in the fuel.
This document discusses a study that examined the effect of compression ratio on the performance and emissions of a diesel engine modified to operate as a dual fuel engine using biogas and diesel. The engine was tested at compression ratios of 14:1, 16:1, and 18:1 while varying the load. Brake thermal efficiency and mechanical efficiency were highest at a compression ratio of 18:1, while brake specific fuel consumption was lowest. NOx and CO2 emissions increased with compression ratio and were highest at 18:1, while HC and CO emissions decreased with compression ratio and were highest at 14:1. The study found that a compression ratio of 18:1 produced the best performance and lowest emissions in the biogas-diesel
This document summarizes a study assessing the effects of different engine operation and diesel injection parameters on combustion efficiency in a heavy-duty dual-fuel hydrogen-diesel engine at low-load conditions. The study aims to reduce unburned hydrogen emissions and improve combustion efficiency by implementing exhaust gas recirculation and different diesel injection strategies. Statistical methods were used to analyze the results and reduce experimental time. The results showed that higher exhaust gas recirculation rates increased intake charge temperature and improved hydrogen combustion and fuel economy. Operation with high exhaust gas recirculation and slightly advanced main diesel injection delivered benefits to emissions and brake thermal efficiency, but combustion efficiency remained around 90% for most cases tested.
To Study the Performance of Oxygen Enriched Diesel Engine by Varying Compress...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the performance of a diesel engine with oxygen-enriched intake air at different compression ratios. The study used a single cylinder variable compression ratio diesel engine with an eddy current dynamometer. Tests were conducted at two compression ratios (16.5 and 17.5) and two oxygen intake levels (1 L/min and 2 L/min). Results showed that brake specific fuel consumption decreased with higher oxygen intake and compression ratio. Brake power and exhaust gas temperature increased with higher oxygen intake and compression ratio. Optimum performance was achieved between 70-80% load with a compression ratio of 16.5-17.5 when oxygen intake was increased.
The document discusses the influence of injection timing on the performance of a dual fuel compression ignition engine with exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). Key findings from experiments conducted on a single cylinder diesel engine retrofitted to run on diesel and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) include: 1) Brake thermal efficiency is highest at an intermediate LPG flow rate of 0.5kg/hr due to better combustion; 2) EGR reduces brake thermal efficiency and exhaust gas temperature by lowering combustion temperatures; 3) NOx emissions decrease with increased EGR as EGR lowers peak combustion temperatures. Smoke and hydrocarbon emissions increase with EGR due to reduced oxygen.
This document summarizes an experimental study on reducing oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions in a single cylinder diesel engine converted to run in dual fuel mode with compressed natural gas (CNG). Experiments were conducted with varying CNG substitution levels, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) rates, and fuel injection pressures. The results show that NOx emissions increased with higher CNG substitution levels but decreased with higher EGR rates and injection pressures. Increasing injection pressure was more effective at reducing NOx emissions while maintaining brake thermal efficiency compared to increasing EGR. The study aims to determine effective ways to control NOx emissions from a diesel engine operating in dual fuel mode with CNG.
The document presents research on the experimental analysis of performance of a spark ignition engine with variable compression ratios between 6-9. The results show that brake thermal efficiency and brake mean effective pressure were highest at a compression ratio of 9, while specific fuel consumption was lowest. Emissions of carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons decreased as the compression ratio increased from 6 to 9. The maximum improvement in brake thermal efficiency was approximately 10% when increasing the ratio from 6 to 9.
This document provides an overview of combustion in spark ignition engines. It discusses the three main stages of combustion: ignition and flame development, flame propagation, and flame termination. During ignition and flame development, ignition occurs but little pressure rise is noticed. The bulk of the fuel-air mixture is burned during the flame propagation period, when most of the useful work is produced via pressure rise in the expansion stroke. The final stage of combustion, flame termination, involves the consumption of the remaining fuel-air mixture. In summary, the document breaks down the combustion process in spark ignition engines into its key sequential stages.
IJERD (www.ijerd.com) International Journal of Engineering Research and Devel...IJERD Editor
The document experimentally investigates the effect of air swirl on the performance and emissions of a diesel engine fueled with karanja biodiesel (K20). Three piston configurations with different numbers of elliptical grooves (3, 6, and 9 grooves) were tested and compared to a normal piston. The results showed that the 6-groove piston configuration (GP2) improved brake thermal efficiency by 6.9%, reduced brake specific fuel consumption by 8.8%, decreased ignition delay by 7.3%, and lowered smoke, NOx, HC, and CO emissions compared to the normal piston at 3/4 rated load. The performance enhancements are attributed to better fuel-air mixing and more complete combustion resulting
1) The document describes a study investigating the effects of variable intake plenum length on the performance of a spark-ignition engine with electronically controlled fuel injectors.
2) Engine tests were conducted with additional plenum lengths of 16mm, 32mm, 48mm, and 64mm added to the original intake manifold.
3) The results showed that a 32mm plenum extension improved engine thermal efficiency, especially at lower engine speeds up to 3000rpm, while also reducing fuel consumption at high loads and low speeds.
The CFD Analysis of Turbulence Characteristics in Combustion Chamber with Non...IOSR Journals
Abstract : Co-Axial jets have applications in areas where the mixing of two fluid jets are necessary, the two
fluid jets can be effectively mixed by producing the turbulence flow. Turbulence is a chaotic behavior of the fluid
particles that comes in to picture when the inertia force of the flow dominates the viscous force and it is
characterized by the Reynolds Number. Co-axial jets are effective in producing the turbulence. In the present
study the free compressible turbulent coaxial jet problem will be computed using CFD, and compare with
different non circular coaxial jets based on constant hydraulic diameter and mass flow rate. Turbulence
characteristics of combustion chamber with circular coaxial and non circular coaxial jets are determined and
compared.
Keywords: Coaxial Jet, Turbulence Modeling, Fuel injector, Combustion chamber.
CONTROL OF EXHAUST EMISSIONS OF TWO STROKE AND FOUR STROKE COPPER COATED SPAR...IAEME Publication
Alcohols are important substitutes for gasoline, as their properties are comparable to gasoline. They are renewable in nature. Investigations were carried out to determine exhaust emissions of two stroke and four stroke of single cylinder, spark ignition (SI)engine having copper coated engine [CCE, copper-(thickness, 300 μ) coated on piston crown and inner side of cylinder head] provided with catalytic converter with copper as catalyst with methanol blended gasoline (80% gasoline and 20% methanol by volume) and compared with conventional engine (CE) with neat gasoline operation. Carbon monoxide (CO) and un-burnt hydrocarbons (UBHC) are the exhaust emissions from SI engine. Breathing of these emissions causes human hazards and also they cause environmental disorders. Hence control of these emissions is an urgent task. Exhaust emissions were varied with different values of brake mean effective pressure (BMEP). The engine was provided with catalytic converter with copper as catalyst. There was provision for injection of air into the catalytic converter. CCE showed improvement in the pollutants when compared with CE with both test fuels. Four-Stroke engine decreased exhaust emissions effectively in comparison with two-stroke engine with both versions of the engine. Catalytic converter with air injection significantly reduced pollutants with different test fuels on both configurations of the engine.
This document summarizes the key details of Hyundai-Kia's new 1.0L three-cylinder gasoline engine. The engine was designed with fuel efficiency and emissions reductions in mind to meet increasing regulations. A three-cylinder configuration was chosen over a two or four-cylinder design based on its balance of performance, fuel economy, noise vibration and harshness, costs, and other factors. The engine utilizes various technologies including an aluminum alloy block, offset crankshaft, low-friction bearings, and dual continuously variable valve timing to achieve high power and torque while improving fuel efficiency.
Similar to Mixture distribution and flame propagation in a heavy-duty liquid petroleum gas engine with liquid phase injection (20)
Use PyCharm for remote debugging of WSL on a Windo cf5c162d672e4e58b4dde5d797...shadow0702a
This document serves as a comprehensive step-by-step guide on how to effectively use PyCharm for remote debugging of the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) on a local Windows machine. It meticulously outlines several critical steps in the process, starting with the crucial task of enabling permissions, followed by the installation and configuration of WSL.
The guide then proceeds to explain how to set up the SSH service within the WSL environment, an integral part of the process. Alongside this, it also provides detailed instructions on how to modify the inbound rules of the Windows firewall to facilitate the process, ensuring that there are no connectivity issues that could potentially hinder the debugging process.
The document further emphasizes on the importance of checking the connection between the Windows and WSL environments, providing instructions on how to ensure that the connection is optimal and ready for remote debugging.
It also offers an in-depth guide on how to configure the WSL interpreter and files within the PyCharm environment. This is essential for ensuring that the debugging process is set up correctly and that the program can be run effectively within the WSL terminal.
Additionally, the document provides guidance on how to set up breakpoints for debugging, a fundamental aspect of the debugging process which allows the developer to stop the execution of their code at certain points and inspect their program at those stages.
Finally, the document concludes by providing a link to a reference blog. This blog offers additional information and guidance on configuring the remote Python interpreter in PyCharm, providing the reader with a well-rounded understanding of the process.
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
The CBC machine is a common diagnostic tool used by doctors to measure a patient's red blood cell count, white blood cell count and platelet count. The machine uses a small sample of the patient's blood, which is then placed into special tubes and analyzed. The results of the analysis are then displayed on a screen for the doctor to review. The CBC machine is an important tool for diagnosing various conditions, such as anemia, infection and leukemia. It can also help to monitor a patient's response to treatment.
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
UNLOCKING HEALTHCARE 4.0: NAVIGATING CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS FOR EFFECTIVE I...amsjournal
The Fourth Industrial Revolution is transforming industries, including healthcare, by integrating digital,
physical, and biological technologies. This study examines the integration of 4.0 technologies into
healthcare, identifying success factors and challenges through interviews with 70 stakeholders from 33
countries. Healthcare is evolving significantly, with varied objectives across nations aiming to improve
population health. The study explores stakeholders' perceptions on critical success factors, identifying
challenges such as insufficiently trained personnel, organizational silos, and structural barriers to data
exchange. Facilitators for integration include cost reduction initiatives and interoperability policies.
Technologies like IoT, Big Data, AI, Machine Learning, and robotics enhance diagnostics, treatment
precision, and real-time monitoring, reducing errors and optimizing resource utilization. Automation
improves employee satisfaction and patient care, while Blockchain and telemedicine drive cost reductions.
Successful integration requires skilled professionals and supportive policies, promising efficient resource
use, lower error rates, and accelerated processes, leading to optimized global healthcare outcomes.
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...gerogepatton
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Applications (NLAIM 2024) offers a premier global platform for exchanging insights and findings in the theory, methodology, and applications of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their applications. The conference seeks substantial contributions across all key domains of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their practical applications, aiming to foster both theoretical advancements and real-world implementations. With a focus on facilitating collaboration between researchers and practitioners from academia and industry, the conference serves as a nexus for sharing the latest developments in the field.
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELgerogepatton
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...bijceesjournal
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.