Lecture 4.5 Classical Greek & Roman ArtJames Greene
This document provides an overview of an art history course on classical Greek art, Hellenistic art, Etruscan art, and Roman art. It includes introductory text and images for each unit that will be covered, including the Parthenon and other works from the Classical period of Greece, art from the Hellenistic period like the Laocoön group, examples of Etruscan sculpture and temples, and iconic works from the Roman Empire like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and Trajan's Column. The course is taught by Professor James Greene and is intended as an introduction to art history.
This document summarizes aspects of Roman culture and society during the Greco-Roman period lasting over 200 years. It highlights Roman literature including works by Ovid, Virgil, and Horace. It also describes Greco-Roman art forms like mosaics and friezes. Major engineering and architectural projects are mentioned, such as the Pantheon, Colosseum, and aqueducts. Elements of urban Roman life are outlined, including housing structures like insulae and the layout of domus homes.
Egyptian Art and Style & Greek Art and StyleJane Gaspang
Egyptian art was an integral part of everyday life, with paintings and sculptures depicting religious beliefs, rituals, and customs. Their architecture used rectangular forms and vertical columns with horizontal beams. Houses were made of perishable materials, while pyramids were an early architectural form built for religious purposes. Paintings and sculptures represented daily life and mythology, with figures typically drawn facing front or in profile. Sculptures of deities and humans with animal heads were common.
Athens is the capital and largest city of Greece. It served as the cultural center of classical Greece, housing important ancient monuments like the Parthenon. Today, Athens retains influences from classical, Roman, and Byzantine eras with landmarks such as the Acropolis, Roman Agora, and Temple of Hephaestus. The city also features modern landmarks like Syntagma Square and hosted the 2004 Olympic Games, cementing its status as an important cultural and historical center.
This document discusses Greek art across three periods - Archaic, Classical, and Hellenistic - from the 7th to 2nd centuries BC. It focuses on architecture, sculpture, and pottery. Greek art emphasized ideal proportions of the human body, copying from nature, and strict rules of proportion, beauty, and harmony. Architecture featured temples constructed in three orders - Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian. Sculpture evolved from rigid Archaic styles to more realistic Classical works to expressive Hellenistic sculptures. Pottery provides insights into Greek culture and evolved through Proto-Geometric, Geometric, Black-Figure, and Red-Figure styles.
Greek art is characterized by naturalism and idealism in human form. The Greeks achieved great success in sculpture and architecture between 1000-400 BCE, striving for perfection and proportion in portraying the human body. The three classical orders of columns - Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian - were interpretations of ancient post-and-beam structures made in stone with distinctive features at the top and base of each style. Greek artistic influences remain prominent today.
LVV4U: Introduction to Greek Art & Architectureemilyantflick
The document summarizes the major periods of Greek art from 1100 BCE to 30 BCE. It divides Greek art into the Geometric, Archaic, Classical, and Hellenistic periods. For each period it provides a brief overview of stylistic developments in sculpture, pottery, architecture and other art forms, and discusses major artistic works and influences. Key events that shaped Greek culture, such as the Persian Wars and conquests of Alexander the Great, are also summarized for context.
Lecture 4.5 Classical Greek & Roman ArtJames Greene
This document provides an overview of an art history course on classical Greek art, Hellenistic art, Etruscan art, and Roman art. It includes introductory text and images for each unit that will be covered, including the Parthenon and other works from the Classical period of Greece, art from the Hellenistic period like the Laocoön group, examples of Etruscan sculpture and temples, and iconic works from the Roman Empire like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and Trajan's Column. The course is taught by Professor James Greene and is intended as an introduction to art history.
This document summarizes aspects of Roman culture and society during the Greco-Roman period lasting over 200 years. It highlights Roman literature including works by Ovid, Virgil, and Horace. It also describes Greco-Roman art forms like mosaics and friezes. Major engineering and architectural projects are mentioned, such as the Pantheon, Colosseum, and aqueducts. Elements of urban Roman life are outlined, including housing structures like insulae and the layout of domus homes.
Egyptian Art and Style & Greek Art and StyleJane Gaspang
Egyptian art was an integral part of everyday life, with paintings and sculptures depicting religious beliefs, rituals, and customs. Their architecture used rectangular forms and vertical columns with horizontal beams. Houses were made of perishable materials, while pyramids were an early architectural form built for religious purposes. Paintings and sculptures represented daily life and mythology, with figures typically drawn facing front or in profile. Sculptures of deities and humans with animal heads were common.
Athens is the capital and largest city of Greece. It served as the cultural center of classical Greece, housing important ancient monuments like the Parthenon. Today, Athens retains influences from classical, Roman, and Byzantine eras with landmarks such as the Acropolis, Roman Agora, and Temple of Hephaestus. The city also features modern landmarks like Syntagma Square and hosted the 2004 Olympic Games, cementing its status as an important cultural and historical center.
This document discusses Greek art across three periods - Archaic, Classical, and Hellenistic - from the 7th to 2nd centuries BC. It focuses on architecture, sculpture, and pottery. Greek art emphasized ideal proportions of the human body, copying from nature, and strict rules of proportion, beauty, and harmony. Architecture featured temples constructed in three orders - Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian. Sculpture evolved from rigid Archaic styles to more realistic Classical works to expressive Hellenistic sculptures. Pottery provides insights into Greek culture and evolved through Proto-Geometric, Geometric, Black-Figure, and Red-Figure styles.
Greek art is characterized by naturalism and idealism in human form. The Greeks achieved great success in sculpture and architecture between 1000-400 BCE, striving for perfection and proportion in portraying the human body. The three classical orders of columns - Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian - were interpretations of ancient post-and-beam structures made in stone with distinctive features at the top and base of each style. Greek artistic influences remain prominent today.
LVV4U: Introduction to Greek Art & Architectureemilyantflick
The document summarizes the major periods of Greek art from 1100 BCE to 30 BCE. It divides Greek art into the Geometric, Archaic, Classical, and Hellenistic periods. For each period it provides a brief overview of stylistic developments in sculpture, pottery, architecture and other art forms, and discusses major artistic works and influences. Key events that shaped Greek culture, such as the Persian Wars and conquests of Alexander the Great, are also summarized for context.
Early Greek civilizations like the Minoans and Mycenaeans thrived in Greece and the Aegean Islands before Greek culture developed between 900-480 BCE. During this time, city-states grew and Greek art, architecture and values emerged. Greece then flourished during the Early, High and Late Classical periods from 480-323 BCE, though wars erupted between city-states. After Alexander the Great's death, Greek culture spread widely under Hellenistic rule from 323-30 BCE, marking its influence across the Mediterranean before Roman dominance.
Differences and similarities of sculptures 1irbaaz
Roman sculptures often depicted animals and beasts, whereas Renaissance sculptures usually featured nude human figures. Roman sculptures emphasized accurate details in portraits, while Renaissance sculptures focused more on emphasizing the sculptures themselves. Both Roman and Renaissance sculptures were influenced by Greek art, though Romans copied Greek styles directly while Renaissance artists adapted Greek styles.
This document provides an overview of prehistoric art from the Upper Paleolithic era through the development of writing systems. It discusses that prehistoric art encompassed cave paintings, figurines, beads, and decorative designs on utilitarian objects. The advent of metalworking brought more media and stylistic diversity. Civilizations with writing had arisen by the Iron Age in regions like Ancient Egypt and Ancient China.
Differences and similarities of sculptures 3irbaaz
Ancient Egyptians and Greeks created sculptures for different purposes and using different materials. Egyptians built sculptures to accompany wealthy individuals in the afterlife, often creating tomb sculptures to hold bodies. They commonly used painted wood, limestone, and sandstone but later used gold and bronze. Greeks mainly used durable marble and bronze for sculptures honoring leaders and gods, also creating mythical sculptures combining animal features. Both civilizations made sculptures representing rulers and deities as well as the Sphinx, though Egyptian versions were larger.
The document provides an overview of ancient Greek art from the 9th century BCE to the Hellenistic period. It discusses the major periods and styles of Greek art including Geometric, Orientalizing, Archaic, Classical, and Hellenistic. The forms of art discussed include architecture, sculpture, painting, pottery, and jewelry. Key works and developments are described for each period.
Ancient art refers to art from advanced ancient societies with writing systems, including ancient China, India, Mesopotamia, Persia, Israel, Egypt, Greece and Rome. Prehistoric art was produced before the development of writing or record keeping in preliterate cultures, beginning in the late geological era and often continuing until contact with other cultures. Some of the earliest known artworks include the Venus of Hohle Fels figurine from 35,000-40,000 years ago, the Venus of Dolní Věstonice ceramic figurine from 29,000-25,000 BCE, and the Lion Man of Hohlenstein Stadel ivory sculpture from around 40,000 years ago.
Greek art began with the Minoan and Cycladian civilizations and included architecture, sculpture, painting, pottery, and jewelry. Pottery makes up a large part of what remains of ancient Greek art and provides insight into their society. Greek vase painting progressed through protogeometric, geometric, orientalizing, black figure, and red figure styles, with black figure involving silhouetted figures painted in black and red figure invented later using painted details. The document provides background on ancient Greek art forms and the development of styles in pottery painting over time.
Ancient Greece has a certain familiar presence in modern times, from the Trojan War and Odysseus to the commanding presence of the Parthenon. Art has an important role in keeping the ancient culture alive and well no matter the passage of time. Here’s a quick introduction to ancient Greek art, which still delights and keeps art enthusiasts and collectors in awe.
This document provides an agenda and information about medieval art. It begins with an "Art Rx" quiz on ancient art movements. Then it discusses the medieval art period from 400-1400 CE, including the influences on art during this time from invaders destroying Roman culture. Specific medieval art styles are examined like Byzantine art with the Hagia Sophia as an example, Islamic art with the Dome of the Rock, and Gothic cathedrals like Notre Dame. The document provides context and examples for each medieval art movement and concludes with next steps of finishing tunnel book planning and drafting.
Roman architecture made significant contributions, including basilicas for large gatherings and the Pantheon with its iconic dome. The Colosseum hosted gladiator battles and other events, using trap doors and draining systems. Aqueducts brought water into cities using arches and gravity. Roman baths were social centers with hot and cold pools maintained by underground fires. Sculptures and paintings decorated homes, with portraits striving for realism over idealized forms.
The document outlines the major periods of Greek art from 900 BC to 31 BC. It describes the Geometric period from 900-700 BC which saw the development of Greek city-states and temples. The Archaic period from 700-500 BC introduced more naturalistic styles and monumental sculpture. The Classical period from 480-323 BC, marked by the Parthenon and other works in Athens, represented the height of Greek artistic achievement. The Hellenistic period from 323-31 BC saw Greek rule spread by Alexander and artistic styles blend with foreign influences under royal patrons.
Ancient Egypt was a civilization in Northeast Africa along the Nile River valley that developed between 5500 BC and 3000 BC. The culture was based around beliefs in divine kings and gods who were worshipped and invoked for protection. One of the most notable aspects of ancient Egyptian culture were the pyramids, which began as stacked mastabas decreasing in size to the top, and contained royal tombs filled with treasures to be used in the afterlife.
This document presents a matrix for comparing the political, economic, religious, social, intellectual, artistic, technological, migratory, and environmental aspects of civilizations. It will be used to analyze and contrast key elements of different societies, including their systems of government, trade practices, belief systems, social hierarchies, education levels, architectural styles, relationships with other groups, innovations, population movements, and interactions with the natural world.
The document summarizes the religions of ancient Rome, including the original Roman religion, foreign mystery religions, Judaism, early Christianity, and the roles of key figures like Jesus and St. Paul. The original Roman religion was based on Greek deities but became less popular as mystery religions and new belief systems emerged. Mystery religions like Mithraism, the Cult of Isis, and Cybele offered salvation and community to the masses. While Judaism and early Christianity faced persecution for refusing to worship emperors as gods, mystery religions were tolerated if they added to Roman society.
This document outlines categories for comparing the political, economic, social, intellectual, artistic, technological, environmental, and migratory aspects of different civilizations, including their political structures, economic practices like trade, prevailing religious beliefs, social hierarchies, education systems, architectural styles, relationships with other societies, innovations, population movements, interactions with the environment, and important terminology. It provides a framework for analyzing and contrasting key elements of civilizations during a given time period.
Chap 3 socratic circle questions early civsJanet Pareja
The document provides questions for a Socratic circle discussion on Mesopotamian and Egyptian civilizations. Students are asked to answer 3 questions: 1) What was important to people in Mesopotamia and Egypt based on the documents; 2) What similarities and differences can be inferred between the civilizations and why; 3) What aspects of social life and religious thinking are not addressed in the documents and what other perspectives could provide more understanding. Students are to answer concisely and directly in pen or by typing, turning it in on the assigned due date.
This document contains focus questions about human migrations from presentations in 2014 and 2013. The questions cover topics like the motivations for migration, reasons migration occurred incrementally, options for migrating groups who encountered existing populations, evidence for migrations like the Indo-Europeans and Bantu, cultural diffusion, the Bantu homeland and migrations, economic differences between Australia and New Guinea, Austronesian language group and technology used to settle Oceania, and the Lapita people and where they settled.
This document is a matrix that compares various belief systems across categories such as date started, whether they were missionary, sacred texts, divinities, leaders, rules, concepts, sects, appeal, priests, symbols, architecture, spread, interactions with other beliefs, and important terms. The matrix provides a high-level overview for analyzing and comparing the core characteristics and histories of different religious traditions.
The document discusses the periodization of history from 1914 to the present. It argues that World War I marked both continuity and change. There was continuity in terms of population growth, scientific and industrial revolutions, and globalization. However, there was also significant change, including the mobilization of entire populations for war, unprecedented destruction, and the creation of over 200 new nation states from the collapse of old empires like Austria-Hungary and Ottoman Turkey. The document also examines some of the specific causes of World War I like nationalism, militarism, and a system of rigid alliances and war plans that pulled the major powers into war based on defense obligations when the assassination in Sarajevo set off a chain reaction.
Early Greek civilizations like the Minoans and Mycenaeans thrived in Greece and the Aegean Islands before Greek culture developed between 900-480 BCE. During this time, city-states grew and Greek art, architecture and values emerged. Greece then flourished during the Early, High and Late Classical periods from 480-323 BCE, though wars erupted between city-states. After Alexander the Great's death, Greek culture spread widely under Hellenistic rule from 323-30 BCE, marking its influence across the Mediterranean before Roman dominance.
Differences and similarities of sculptures 1irbaaz
Roman sculptures often depicted animals and beasts, whereas Renaissance sculptures usually featured nude human figures. Roman sculptures emphasized accurate details in portraits, while Renaissance sculptures focused more on emphasizing the sculptures themselves. Both Roman and Renaissance sculptures were influenced by Greek art, though Romans copied Greek styles directly while Renaissance artists adapted Greek styles.
This document provides an overview of prehistoric art from the Upper Paleolithic era through the development of writing systems. It discusses that prehistoric art encompassed cave paintings, figurines, beads, and decorative designs on utilitarian objects. The advent of metalworking brought more media and stylistic diversity. Civilizations with writing had arisen by the Iron Age in regions like Ancient Egypt and Ancient China.
Differences and similarities of sculptures 3irbaaz
Ancient Egyptians and Greeks created sculptures for different purposes and using different materials. Egyptians built sculptures to accompany wealthy individuals in the afterlife, often creating tomb sculptures to hold bodies. They commonly used painted wood, limestone, and sandstone but later used gold and bronze. Greeks mainly used durable marble and bronze for sculptures honoring leaders and gods, also creating mythical sculptures combining animal features. Both civilizations made sculptures representing rulers and deities as well as the Sphinx, though Egyptian versions were larger.
The document provides an overview of ancient Greek art from the 9th century BCE to the Hellenistic period. It discusses the major periods and styles of Greek art including Geometric, Orientalizing, Archaic, Classical, and Hellenistic. The forms of art discussed include architecture, sculpture, painting, pottery, and jewelry. Key works and developments are described for each period.
Ancient art refers to art from advanced ancient societies with writing systems, including ancient China, India, Mesopotamia, Persia, Israel, Egypt, Greece and Rome. Prehistoric art was produced before the development of writing or record keeping in preliterate cultures, beginning in the late geological era and often continuing until contact with other cultures. Some of the earliest known artworks include the Venus of Hohle Fels figurine from 35,000-40,000 years ago, the Venus of Dolní Věstonice ceramic figurine from 29,000-25,000 BCE, and the Lion Man of Hohlenstein Stadel ivory sculpture from around 40,000 years ago.
Greek art began with the Minoan and Cycladian civilizations and included architecture, sculpture, painting, pottery, and jewelry. Pottery makes up a large part of what remains of ancient Greek art and provides insight into their society. Greek vase painting progressed through protogeometric, geometric, orientalizing, black figure, and red figure styles, with black figure involving silhouetted figures painted in black and red figure invented later using painted details. The document provides background on ancient Greek art forms and the development of styles in pottery painting over time.
Ancient Greece has a certain familiar presence in modern times, from the Trojan War and Odysseus to the commanding presence of the Parthenon. Art has an important role in keeping the ancient culture alive and well no matter the passage of time. Here’s a quick introduction to ancient Greek art, which still delights and keeps art enthusiasts and collectors in awe.
This document provides an agenda and information about medieval art. It begins with an "Art Rx" quiz on ancient art movements. Then it discusses the medieval art period from 400-1400 CE, including the influences on art during this time from invaders destroying Roman culture. Specific medieval art styles are examined like Byzantine art with the Hagia Sophia as an example, Islamic art with the Dome of the Rock, and Gothic cathedrals like Notre Dame. The document provides context and examples for each medieval art movement and concludes with next steps of finishing tunnel book planning and drafting.
Roman architecture made significant contributions, including basilicas for large gatherings and the Pantheon with its iconic dome. The Colosseum hosted gladiator battles and other events, using trap doors and draining systems. Aqueducts brought water into cities using arches and gravity. Roman baths were social centers with hot and cold pools maintained by underground fires. Sculptures and paintings decorated homes, with portraits striving for realism over idealized forms.
The document outlines the major periods of Greek art from 900 BC to 31 BC. It describes the Geometric period from 900-700 BC which saw the development of Greek city-states and temples. The Archaic period from 700-500 BC introduced more naturalistic styles and monumental sculpture. The Classical period from 480-323 BC, marked by the Parthenon and other works in Athens, represented the height of Greek artistic achievement. The Hellenistic period from 323-31 BC saw Greek rule spread by Alexander and artistic styles blend with foreign influences under royal patrons.
Ancient Egypt was a civilization in Northeast Africa along the Nile River valley that developed between 5500 BC and 3000 BC. The culture was based around beliefs in divine kings and gods who were worshipped and invoked for protection. One of the most notable aspects of ancient Egyptian culture were the pyramids, which began as stacked mastabas decreasing in size to the top, and contained royal tombs filled with treasures to be used in the afterlife.
This document presents a matrix for comparing the political, economic, religious, social, intellectual, artistic, technological, migratory, and environmental aspects of civilizations. It will be used to analyze and contrast key elements of different societies, including their systems of government, trade practices, belief systems, social hierarchies, education levels, architectural styles, relationships with other groups, innovations, population movements, and interactions with the natural world.
The document summarizes the religions of ancient Rome, including the original Roman religion, foreign mystery religions, Judaism, early Christianity, and the roles of key figures like Jesus and St. Paul. The original Roman religion was based on Greek deities but became less popular as mystery religions and new belief systems emerged. Mystery religions like Mithraism, the Cult of Isis, and Cybele offered salvation and community to the masses. While Judaism and early Christianity faced persecution for refusing to worship emperors as gods, mystery religions were tolerated if they added to Roman society.
This document outlines categories for comparing the political, economic, social, intellectual, artistic, technological, environmental, and migratory aspects of different civilizations, including their political structures, economic practices like trade, prevailing religious beliefs, social hierarchies, education systems, architectural styles, relationships with other societies, innovations, population movements, interactions with the environment, and important terminology. It provides a framework for analyzing and contrasting key elements of civilizations during a given time period.
Chap 3 socratic circle questions early civsJanet Pareja
The document provides questions for a Socratic circle discussion on Mesopotamian and Egyptian civilizations. Students are asked to answer 3 questions: 1) What was important to people in Mesopotamia and Egypt based on the documents; 2) What similarities and differences can be inferred between the civilizations and why; 3) What aspects of social life and religious thinking are not addressed in the documents and what other perspectives could provide more understanding. Students are to answer concisely and directly in pen or by typing, turning it in on the assigned due date.
This document contains focus questions about human migrations from presentations in 2014 and 2013. The questions cover topics like the motivations for migration, reasons migration occurred incrementally, options for migrating groups who encountered existing populations, evidence for migrations like the Indo-Europeans and Bantu, cultural diffusion, the Bantu homeland and migrations, economic differences between Australia and New Guinea, Austronesian language group and technology used to settle Oceania, and the Lapita people and where they settled.
This document is a matrix that compares various belief systems across categories such as date started, whether they were missionary, sacred texts, divinities, leaders, rules, concepts, sects, appeal, priests, symbols, architecture, spread, interactions with other beliefs, and important terms. The matrix provides a high-level overview for analyzing and comparing the core characteristics and histories of different religious traditions.
The document discusses the periodization of history from 1914 to the present. It argues that World War I marked both continuity and change. There was continuity in terms of population growth, scientific and industrial revolutions, and globalization. However, there was also significant change, including the mobilization of entire populations for war, unprecedented destruction, and the creation of over 200 new nation states from the collapse of old empires like Austria-Hungary and Ottoman Turkey. The document also examines some of the specific causes of World War I like nationalism, militarism, and a system of rigid alliances and war plans that pulled the major powers into war based on defense obligations when the assassination in Sarajevo set off a chain reaction.
Chinese revolution 20th c- pareja 2012Janet Pareja
The Chinese Revolution began with the May 4th Movement in 1919 and established nationalism in China. Sun Yat-sen led the nationalist Kuomintang party and allied with the Chinese Communist Party to unite China against warlords. Chiang Kai-shek took control of the KMT and unified China through military force but then ordered a massacre of Communist Party members. The Long March from 1934-1935 saw the Communist Party flee to the countryside to escape the KMT, establishing Mao Zedong as their leader. World War 2 saw a brief alliance against Japan but then the Chinese Civil War resumed until 1949 when Mao declared the People's Republic of China, establishing communist rule. Mao instituted social, political and economic
The document summarizes the history of the Byzantine Empire from the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 CE through the rise of the Eastern Orthodox Church. It discusses key events like Constantine making Christianity the official religion in the 4th century, Justinian's reconquest of Italy and codification of Roman law, the establishment of the theme system of provincial government, and the East-West schism between the Catholic and Orthodox churches in 1054. The Byzantine Empire flourished politically, economically, socially, and religiously for centuries before eventually falling to the Ottoman Turks in 1453.
1. Russia developed a strong sense of identity separate from Europe due to 250 years of Mongol rule which isolated it, as well as its Orthodox Christian religion.
2. Under Ivan the Great and Ivan the Terrible, Russia expanded rapidly through conquest and centralized political power under an autocratic czar.
3. Peter the Great modernized Russia through selective adoption of Western cultural and institutional models like a standing army but maintained an autocratic monarchy and serfdom.
The document provides an overview of classical Persia and the Achaemenid Empire. It describes the harsh geography and social hierarchy of Persia, with mining and irrigation supported by slave labor. It highlights the innovations of Cyrus the Great in establishing a centralized hereditary monarchy and tolerant policies. The empire prospered under Darius I through bureaucracy, infrastructure like the Royal Road system, and cultural diffusion across its vast territories. However, the empire eventually declined due to overexpansion and was conquered by Alexander the Great.
This document discusses the concept of "total war" and world wars in the 20th century. It makes three key points:
1. Total war involves the complete mobilization of a nation's resources for war, including total participation from civilians and converting industries to support the war effort. This results in more casualties and makes civilians legitimate targets.
2. Advances in technology in the 20th century, like machine guns, tanks, airplanes, and later nuclear weapons, increased destruction and the potential for total war.
3. Total war involves mass propaganda and hatred of the enemy, with no distinction between combatants and civilians. Whole populations become involved with no time off, resulting in immense human costs and loss
World War 1 was caused by rising tensions in Europe due to competition over colonies. The war involved two main fronts - the Eastern Front against Russia and the Western Front through France. It was a bloody war of attrition characterized by trench warfare and new military technologies. The US entered the war on the side of the Allies in 1917. The resulting Treaty of Versailles imposed harsh terms on Germany, including war guilt and large reparations payments. This contributed to the rise of the stab-in-the-back myth in Germany and set the stage for future conflicts.
The document provides an overview of major ideological and nationalist movements in the 20th century, including the Russian and Chinese Revolutions, fascism in Europe, and World War II. It discusses the rise of communism in Russia under Lenin and Stalin and the establishment of the Soviet Union. It also covers the rise of fascist regimes in Italy under Mussolini and Germany under Hitler, including their expansionist policies and WWII. The summary briefly touches on WWII in both Europe and the Pacific, as well as the development and use of the atomic bomb against Japan.
Renaissance art, literature, as proof of European survival of the Plague. Chinese recovery after Mongols- proof: Zheng He, Trade Empire, Ming.
Europeans take to the waves!
The document provides information on several ancient river valley civilizations including Mesopotamia, Egypt, Indus Valley, and China. It discusses the geography, political structures, economic systems, and social aspects of each civilization. Key points mentioned include Mesopotamia emerging between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers and having a tradition of writing called cuneiform, Egypt centered around the Nile River and led by pharaohs with hieroglyphic writing, the Indus Valley civilization located in modern-day Pakistan but with an unknown writing system, and China emerging around the Yellow River valley and inventing silk and advances in astronomy.
- Early groups like the Minoans on Crete influenced later civilizations in Southern Europe. The Minoans built large palaces and traded extensively across the Mediterranean sea.
- Ancient Greece developed city-states like Athens and Sparta that laid the foundations of European civilization through cultural achievements in areas like philosophy, democracy, and the arts. They held the first Olympic games.
- The Roman Empire later dominated Southern Europe and influenced the region greatly by spreading Latin-based languages, Roman law, engineering, and eventually Christianity across Europe. Their legacy continues to shape the politics and culture of the region.
Mesopotamia was located between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in modern Iraq. For over 3000 years beginning around 3500 BC, various civilizations developed in this region, including the Sumerians, Akkadians, Babylonians, Assyrians, and Persians. Mesopotamian cities like Ur and Uruk featured innovations like irrigation systems, writing, and architecture using arches, vaults, and ziggurats. Society was organized around religion, with kings and priests governing as intermediaries between the people and the gods like Anu, Enki, Enlil, Ishtar, and Marduk. Mesopotamian culture left behind artistic works, legal
Introduction to art chapter 16 ancient africa 172 chapssuser47f0be
This document provides an overview of ancient African civilizations, including their origins, art, and major cultures. It discusses early rock paintings from 7000 BCE depicting domesticated animals in Sahara and southern Africa. Later, the Nok culture in Nigeria produced sophisticated terracotta sculptures from 500 BCE to 200 CE. Many ancient urban cultures arose south of the Sahara after 1000 CE, including cities along the Niger River like Jenne-jeno. Egypt is also discussed in depth, noting its immense influence and over 3000 years of cultural continuity and stability along the Nile River.
This document provides information about five ancient river valley civilizations: Mesopotamia, Egypt, Indus Valley, China, and the Fertile Crescent. It discusses the geography, politics, economics, and social aspects of each civilization. Key points include: Mesopotamia arose between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers; Egypt's civilization was centered around the Nile River; the Indus Valley civilization spanned modern-day Pakistan and India; China began along the Yellow River; and the Fertile Crescent stretched through modern Iraq, Israel, and Syria. Each civilization relied on farming and trade. Writing systems included cuneiform, hieroglyphics, and early Chinese characters.
The Works That Have Impacted The Art World And Have Made...Nicolle Dammann
Ancient Egypt was a highly advanced civilization located along the Nile River in Northeast Africa. It is known for its stable agriculture, social hierarchy, division of labor, government system, and sophisticated culture. The Egyptians created diverse art forms across many mediums to represent their vivid lifestyles and beliefs, including paintings, woodwork, pottery, stonework, and jewelry. Massive statues of pharaohs and gods were constructed to demonstrate power and honor the afterlife. While Egyptian art was initially created for royalty, it provides the best remaining glimpse into their once-great civilization.
The document provides information about ancient river valley civilizations, including Mesopotamia, Egypt, and the Indus Valley. It discusses the key characteristics and features of each civilization, such as their geography, governments, economies, social structures, and innovations. Students are asked questions to assess their understanding of topics like Mesopotamian laws, Egyptian pharaohs, and the Indus Valley's economy. The document uses images, diagrams, and text to convey information about these early civilizations in a comprehensive manner.
Ancient Chinese civilization began along the Yellow River valley around 4000 BC. The Chinese invented silk by cultivating silkworms, and traded silk internationally. They also made early advances in astronomy, recording solar eclipses as early as 2137 BC. The Chinese invented paper using a process of pasting silk, wool or cotton fibers, which was then adopted in other regions like Muslim Spain in the Middle Ages. Overall, the Chinese river valley civilization showed early technological innovations.
The document provides information about ancient river valley civilizations, including Mesopotamia, Egypt, and the Indus Valley. It discusses the key characteristics and features of each civilization, such as their geography, systems of government, religions, and innovations. Students are asked questions to assess their understanding of topics like the civilizations' writing systems, important figures, economies, and interactions. The document uses images, diagrams, and text to convey details about these early human societies that emerged along major rivers.
This document provides an overview of early civilizations in Mesopotamia and Egypt. It discusses key characteristics that these civilizations shared, including developing along major river valleys, having hierarchical societies, and being polytheistic. For Mesopotamia, it describes the four major civilizations - Sumerians, Akkadians, Babylonians, and Assyrians - and some of their achievements. For Egypt, it outlines the different historical periods and discusses aspects of their society like the important role of the pharaoh. It also touches on architecture, art, literature and religious beliefs in these early civilizations.
The document provides an overview of early civilizations in Egypt and Mesopotamia. It discusses key characteristics they shared like developing along major river valleys and having hierarchical, urban societies. For Mesopotamia, it outlines the major civilizations of the Sumerians, Akkadians, Babylonians and Assyrians. It also describes aspects of their architecture, art, literature and legal codes. For Egypt, it discusses the importance of the Nile River to their agriculture-based society and covers their religious beliefs, art including tombs and temples, and how art changed under Pharaoh Akhenaten.
The document provides an overview of early civilizations in Egypt and Mesopotamia. It discusses the common characteristics of these early civilizations including their development along major river valleys, use of irrigation for agriculture, presence of urban centers and hierarchical societies. Specific details are then given on the Mesopotamian civilizations of Sumerians, Akkadians, Babylonians and Assyrians as well as the unifying role of codes like the Code of Hammurabi. Egyptian civilization is briefly outlined with a focus on the importance of the Nile River to the economy and development of cities, crafts and trade.
The document provides an overview of early civilizations in Egypt and Mesopotamia. It discusses the common characteristics of these early civilizations including their development along major river valleys, use of irrigation for agriculture, presence of urban centers and hierarchical societies. Specific details are then given on the Mesopotamian civilizations of Sumerians, Akkadians, Babylonians and Assyrians as well as the unifying role of the Nile River in Egyptian civilization. Architecture, art, literature and the importance of religion are also summarized for Mesopotamia and Egypt.
The document provides information about early civilizations in Mesopotamia and Egypt. It discusses the common characteristics of these early civilizations, including that they began along major river valleys like the Nile and Tigris/Euphrates Rivers. This allowed for irrigation and fertile farmland. It also describes some of the specific civilizations that arose in Mesopotamia, including the Sumerians, Akkadians, Babylonians, and Assyrians. Architecture like ziggurats and art like reliefs and statues are discussed. The document is intended to teach students about the origins and characteristics of some of the earliest civilizations.
The document discusses the emergence of modern human behavior and advanced civilizations. It makes three key points:
1) Anatomically modern humans emerged in Africa around 100,000 years ago, but modern human behavior did not appear until around 50,000 years ago, when humans suddenly developed symbolic thought and began migrating out of Africa.
2) The first advanced civilizations suddenly emerged around 3,500 BC in Mesopotamia, Egypt, and other river valleys, developing writing, specialized jobs, social classes, religion, art and architecture.
3) Inventions accelerated dramatically after the emergence of advanced civilizations, contrasting with the long periods of time between crude innovations before civilization.
Ancient Egypt can be summarized as follows:
1) Egypt had three main kingdoms - the Old Kingdom from 2850-2200 BC, the Middle Kingdom from 2050-1732 BC, and the New Kingdom from 1570-1090 BC. Each kingdom faced its own challenges.
2) The Egyptians relied heavily on the annual flooding of the Nile River, which provided water for crops and allowed the population to thrive along the Nile valley.
3) Religion played a central role in Egyptian society, with beliefs surrounding gods, the afterlife, and mummification rituals that allowed preservation of the body. Pyramids and elaborate tombs were constructed to aid kings and nobility in the
This document provides an overview of prehistory and ancient history. It divides history into two main periods: prehistory from 2.5 million years ago to 3500 BC, which includes the Paleolithic, Neolithic, and Metal Ages; and history from 3500 BC to the present. Key ancient civilizations discussed include Mesopotamia, Egypt, Greece, and Rome, with Rome's fall in 476 AD marking the end of ancient history and the beginning of the Middle Ages.
The Indus Valley civilization was a Bronze Age culture that developed around cities like Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro along the Indus River around 2,000 BCE. It had sophisticated urban planning with standardized brick homes and streets laid out in grids. The civilization engaged in extensive trade and had a complex hydraulic infrastructure to support agriculture. It declined around 1,500 BCE possibly due to climate change and invasion by Indo-European peoples known as the Aryans. The Aryans gradually settled across northern India and established new social hierarchies like the caste system to organize society.
Mesopotamia was located between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in modern-day Iraq. This civilization began around 3500 BC and lasted for over 3000 years, during which several empires and city-states rose and fell. Some influential cities included Ur, Uruk, Akkad, Babylon, and Nineveh. The Mesopotamians were among the first to develop irrigation for agriculture, writing, law codes, and architectural techniques like the arch and vault. Power was held by rulers of the city-states and later empires, including the Sumerians, Akkadians, Babylonians, and Assyrians. The Mesopotamian civilization marked many important advances and innovations
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The document discusses many topics related to globalization and modern world history from the 20th century onward, including:
1) The rise of nationalism and independence movements in former colonies.
2) The establishment of different forms of republican governments around the world and questions around who truly holds power.
3) Processes of decolonization, political and social change, and the varying degrees to which change was violent or non-violent.
4) Key global events, organizations, and trends that increased global interconnectedness such as world wars, the UN, global economic crises, and spread of global consumer culture.
The document outlines several key causes of World War 1, including the rise of authoritarian regimes in Germany, Italy, and Japan who were dissatisfied with the outcome of World War 1. It also discusses the Versailles Treaty, which imposed harsh terms on Germany, further fueling German resentment. Additionally, the League of Nations proved too weak to enforce its decisions and prevent aggression by countries like Japan and Italy in the 1930s. All of these factors created tensions that led to the outbreak of World War 2.
The Czar was forced to abdicate in spring 1917 due to social unrest stemming from World War I and his inept leadership. This led to the establishment of a provisional government and the February Revolution. However, the provisional government faced opposition from workers' assemblies like the Petrograd Soviet. In October 1917, Lenin and the Bolshevik party seized power in the October Revolution, establishing the Soviet government and signing the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk to withdraw from WWI. This sparked a civil war between the Reds and Whites that the Bolsheviks eventually won, establishing the USSR under Lenin and later Stalin.
1. The document discusses the modernization challenges faced by traditional empires like the Ottoman Empire, Qing Dynasty, Tokugawa Shogunate, and Russian Empire when encountering Western imperialist powers in the 19th century.
2. These traditional empires struggled due to conservative leadership, weak militaries, lack of industrialization, and unwillingness to adopt Western political and economic reforms. They suffered major military defeats that exposed how far behind they had fallen.
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Imperialism china, japan 1750 1914 - 2014 updatedJanet Pareja
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3) Japan transformed into an imperial power through military victories over China and Russia, allowing its annexation of Korea and control of Manchuria. By 1914 both nations had ended isolation but China remained not
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The document provides background information on the American and French Revolutions that occurred in the late 18th century. It discusses key dates and impacts, including the establishment of new forms of government based on Enlightenment ideals of liberty, equality, and popular sovereignty. The summary focuses on key events in France, including financial troubles that led King Louis XVI to call the Estates General in 1789, the storming of the Bastille, the formation of the National Assembly, the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen, and the establishment of a constitutional monarchy that gradually gave way to more radical phases of the revolution under the Jacobins and the Reign of Terror led by Robespierre.
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3. AA.. NNuubbiiaa//
KKuusshh
• Along the Nile,
above 4th cataract
• 22330000 BBCCEE-- ffiirrsstt
mmeennttiioonn ooff NNuubbiiaa iinn
EEggyyppttiiaann rreeccoorrddss
• Peaceful cultural
interchange and
marriages
• Urban centers-
Meroë
4. What do we
Know about
Relations
Between the
Two societies?
How do we
Know it?
Why is it
significant to
World history?
What “lesson”
Does it show?
TThheessiiss
SSuuppppoorrtt
CCoonncclluussiioonn
10. “Medjay:” Elite Paramilitary Police
- Pharaoh’s Guards
- Guarded Trade
Routes, Royal &
Religious Centers
Nubians settled, married
Egyptian women, had Egyptian
children, were buried in the
Egyptian manner… but still
proudly maintained their
Nubian identities. 1122tthh DDyynnaassttyy:: 11999911––11778866 BB..CC..EE
VVaarriioouuss PPhhaarraaoohhss ooff NNuubbiiaann oorriiggiinn
11. Murals from the
tomb of
HHaarreemmhheebb
Last Nubian-
1306 BCE (most likely)
or 1319 BCE
until 1292 BC (18th Dynasty)
Egyptian Pharaoh,
25th Dynasty
12. NNeeww KKiinnggddoomm -- KKuusshhiittee PPeerriioodd
“The two cultures
melded together;
so much so, that
Nubians
evaporated from
the archeological
record as a
separate people…”
25. A. PPhhooeenniicciiaannss
• GGeeooggrraapphhyy
– Lebanon / Syria
– 1200 – 800 BCE - settled on Coast
– Main cities: Tyre & Sidon
• SSeeaaffaarriinngg TTrraaddiinngg
ssoocciieettyy
– Not much arable land
– Elaborate trading contracts with
major civilizations of the time
– Advanced cloth dying technologies:
Secret: Tyrian Purple made
from sea snails color of Royalty
– Glass
28. • “Missionaries of Civilization” - spread basically
Mesopotamian culture all over the Mediterranean – early reed ships,
later made of cedar
• Invented a simplified alphabet – based on Mesopotamian
22-letters
– Used papyrus from Egypt to make scrolls for books.
– The words “Bible” and “bibliography” come from the Phoenician
city of Byblos.
• 6th Century BCE- collapsed: Assyrian invasions.
46. Collection of Saffron
• Crocus flower
• Color, scent,
medicine,
aphrodisiac
• Blue Monkey??
SSaaffffrroonn
47. Minoan Writing
• Minoans – Linear A
• Accounts of transactions?
• Maybe derived from Egyptian hieroglyphs.
• Mycenaeans- Linear B
– An early form of Greek – has been translated
49. • “…they spoke a language we don't understand
and they wrote in a script which we can't
read. So the voices of the Minoans, their
stories, their history as they understood it, is
lost to us.”
50. DDeecclliinnee ooff MMiinnooaannss::
AAfftteerr 55 cceennttuurriieess ooff pprroossppeerriittyy……
• Palace centers weakened by fire,
1500 BCE…rebuilt on top.
– Left trash & rebuilt on top, so we found
early artifacts in tact, incl. Linear A & B
• Crete, Thera volcanic eruption, &
tidal wave: 1450 to 1500 BCE-destroyed
Minoan cities including
Knossos.
• Attack of Myceneans.
51. So… What?
• Do you think most civilizations are off-shoots
of another, or did they develop
independently?
• HOW do you think ideas spread in the ancient
world?
• What kinds of ideas were probably the mozt
popular or EASIEST to spread?
Editor's Notes
Iraq – Thunderstorm coming!
Navigable to 6th cateract…
Limestone grave marker from Upper Egypt: depicts a Nubian soldier named Nenu holding his bow and arrows;
Beside him is his wife, wearing the close-fitting linen dress typical of Egyptian women.
Nenu wears a kilt tied with a characteristically Nubian leather sash.
In the upper right, an Egyptian servant presents a bowl of beer.
Dogs are often included on the stelae of Nubian soldiers, suggesting the great affection they had for these pets.
Horemheb (sometimes spelled Horemhab or Haremhab and meaning Horus is in Jubilation) was the last pharaoh of the 18th Dynasty of Egypt. He ruled from either 1319 BC to late 1292 BC,[1] or 1306 to late 1292 BC (if he ruled for 14 years) although he was not related to the preceding royal family and is believed to have been of common birth.
Before he became pharaoh, Horemheb was the commander in chief of the army under the reigns of Tutankamun and Ay. After his accession to the throne, he reformed the state and it was under his reign that official action against the preceding Amarnarulers began.
Horemheb demolished monuments of Akhenaten, reusing their remains in his own building projects, and usurped monuments of Tutankhamun and Ay. Horemheb presumably remained childless since he appointed his vizier Paramesse as his successor, who would assume the throne as Ramesses I
Who are these people? Nubian? Egyptian? Probably BOTH! Nubian queens of Egypt…
By 730 Egypt in decline. Kushites invaded & ruled 100 years as 25th Dynasty – til driven out by by Assyrians. Continued to rule Nubia as Egyptian culture.
By 5th c. BCE Kushites ruled only their own land – Decidedly Egyptian culture. Hieroglyphs ? Pictograms – or Phoenecian Alphabet that represented phonetic sounds?
Egypt and Nubia developed side by side- adopting some ideas from Mesopotamia, with whom they traded.
What’s another name for “urban center?” City. So was this a civilization? Maybe! It was here that later Ghana, Mali and Songhai were built. We just don’t have enough firm information YET.
Modern Day Lebanon
Loved jewelry! But have not found any… WHY?
On Thera, knew volcano was coming, so evacuated with time to spare! (Unlike in Pompeii).
On Crete, squatters stayed, but …most evacuated. Started new settlements
Egyptian influence in Architecture – monolithic, heavy
1600 BCE – Capitol- Knossos
Youths boxing
Initiation ritual – demonstrated by belts. Monkeys wore a harness…
Saffron from Crocus stemens
Reconstruction of baboon -
reconstruction
Garment for ritual wear only – reconstruction of original w/ some interpretation…
Snake Goddess (c.1600 BC) - Found in Palace of Knossos, height 13 1/2 inches (34.3 cm) - Archeological Museum, Herakleion
Secular dress – covers breasts; Initiate has open bodice, but not developed + topknot with shaved head starting to grow hair back