Ancient Egypt Research Paper

Egypt Research Paper
Executive Summary
Egypt today can be a viable market for the foreign investor, especially the investor who has the
ability to see the rewards of in investing in the region for the long haul. The world and Egypt both
realize that the region is the gateway to the Middle East. Egypt is leading the way for Arabic
countries to embrace a new way of doing business and opening their borders to the 'global village'
concept.
Size of Market
The Arab Republic of Egypt is located in Northern Africa and borders Libya, Sudan and the Gaza
Strip, as well as the Mediterranean and Red Seas. Less than one–tenth of Egypt is settled. Egypt's
population of 68 million lives mostly in the Nile valley and Delta. The Western Desert Highway and
the Delta Road...show more content...
Contracts rarely stay the same, they are constantly changing and the successful businessperson has to
be flexible in order to succeed.
Competition in Market
The Egyptian market is a complex and highly competitive one. Egyptians are often trilingual
(English–French–Arabic), well–traveled individuals who pride themselves on searching out good
deals. Negotiations for a sale, whether with a government agency or a private individual, will be
bound by certain unspoken Egyptian cultural requirements. One is that there is no final best price
that cannot be reduced further by negotiating. The result is that only a fool would offer one's best
price, or anything close to it, early in negotiations. Government employees are judged on their
ability to squeeze the final penny from the lowest bidder. This happens at every level of
decision–making. This is the Egyptian version of the "Dutch auction," called in Arabic
"momarsa."
A marketing problem in Cairo is that it is often difficult to establish who offers what for sale, and
where to find them. Yellow pages and the like are not available to the average consumer.
Legal/Bureaucratic Environment
The ruling National Democratic Party (NDP) has been in power since it's founding in 1978. The
NDP controls local and national government, the government–owned media, and state owned
enterprises. Within its ranks are both
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The Egyptian Pyramids Essay
The Egyptian Pyramids
When most people think of Ancient Egypt they think of Pyramids. To construct such great
monuments required a mastery of architecture, social organization, and art that few cultures of that
period could achieve.
The oldest pyramid, the Step–Pyramids, grow out of the abilities of two men, King Djoser and
Imhotep. Djoser, the second king of 3rd dynasty, was the first king to have hired an architect,
Imhotep, to design a tomb (Time–Life Books, 74). Imhotep was known as the father of
mathematics, medicine, architecture, and as the inventor of the calendar (White, 40). He had a
great idea of stacking mastabas until they reached six tiers, a total of 60 meters high and its base
180 meters by 108 meters (Casson,...show more content...
Just to move one block took the work of forty men. The daily life of the workers constructing the
pyramids was one of immense toil spanning over a long period of time. The quarrymen toiled away
with soft copper chisels that hardly made a dent in the limestone. Another team dug a network of
canals to transport the stones and food for the workers. Finally, another team of workers would haul
the massive blocks on wooden sleds and put them into position (Casson, 130–137). This great social
organization became the force that knit the country together.
Another important group was the artisans. They were the people who decorated the inside of the
pyramids. The artisans, also, brought a sense of social organization by the many processes it took
to produce a work of art. For instance, the actual sculpting of a statue was not considered a single
process, but as on process among many. The quarrymen had to quarry the stone with soft copper
chisels, and it was transported to a sculptor. After the sculptor was finished with it, the sculpture was
sent to another artisan. This artist would cut hieroglyphs in the statue. The hieroglyphs were about
the life of the person that the statue represented. Then, they would send it to a metal worker who
inserted the eyes and other details. Finally, the statue was

Essay about Ancient Egypt
Ancient Egypt
The giant pyramids, temples, and tombs of ancient Egypt tell an exciting story about a nation that
rose to power more than 5,000 years ago. This mighty civilization crumbled before conquering
armies after 2,500 years of triumph and glory. The dry air and drifting desert sands have preserved
many records of ancient Egypt until modern times.
The ancient Egyptians lived colorful, active, and eventful lives. Many were creative artists, skilled
craftsmen, and adventurous explorers. Bold
Egyptian warriors won many battles, and their rulers governed wide areas of the known world. The
ancient Egyptians loved nature and had a lively sense of humor.
They were among the...show more content...
The kingdom extended south about 680 miles from the Mediterranean Sea to the First Cataract
(rapids) of the river. It averaged only 12 miles in width from the Nile delta to the
First Cataract. Egypt covered about 8,000 square miles and was a little smaller than the state of
Massachusetts.
In later years, ancient Egypt usually controlled neighboring areas around the Nile Valley, including
oases (fertile green patches), in the desert to the west. It usually governed part of the Nile Valley
south of the First
Cataract, the Red Sea coast, and the western part of the Sinai Peninsula in Asia.
At the height of its power, around 1450 B.C., Egypt claimed an empire that reached as far south as
the Fourth Cataract in Nubia, a part of ancient Ethiopia, and as far northeast as the Euphrates River
in western Asia.
Ancient Egypt was a lot less crowded than Modern Egypt. Historians believe that from one to
eight million people lived in ancient Egypt. In Roman times, estimates set the figure at about six
million. Most Egyptians lived near the Nile, with an average of 750 people per square mile. Today,
the valley averages almost 2,400 people per square mile, although Egypt as a whole averages only 85.
The black–haired, dark–skinned ancient Egyptians were short and slender.
The belong to the Mediterranean race of the Caucasoid (white) stock. As time went on, the Egyptians
mixed with people

Essay on Life in Ancient Egypt
Life in Ancient Egypt
Life in Ancient Egypt was one that involved an ordered life. The Nile flooded and the sun dried
the land on a regular basis every year. People lived their lives in a orderly fashion that has them
following set routines from year to year. This routine was greatly integrated with the Egyptian
belief in the spiritual world and the religion it soon became. Egyptian religion helped people to
see definition in their lives and gave them something to live for. There was an afterlife to look
forward to and a spiritual rule of law that would take care of them until then. Also there was a state
that was created by the religion to lead the people correctly. Therefore, the most important role that
religion played in Egypt...show more content...
For Egyptians this could therefore also be applied to their own lives and death. The afterlife was
thus viewed simply as an extension of earthly existence with the rebirth in the afterlife comparable to
the flooding of the Nile every year that brought new life to the crops of Egypt.
This idea of life gave Egyptians a structure and goal to their lives. In this sense, it helped to fulfill
the most important function of religion in Egyptian society. It gave people something to live for
and an event to build themselves towards. Individuals believed that after death, their hearts would
be weighed against a feather in the Hall of Maat, by the goddess of truth.
"Osiris…weighing human beings' hearts to determine whether they had lived justly
enough to deserve everlasting life."(Mckay 25) If lighter than the feather, would be allowed
passage to an eternal and pleasant life. Therefore, People lived their lives to prepare for the day
when they would die and their hearts would be weighed to see if they were actually worthy. This
made people live good lives and try to keep their hearts good for when it would be weighed. It also
gave them the ability to approach death with a degree of happiness and relief, not fear. Therefore it
gave them a sense of peace and order in their lives that they may have needed each day to get by.
Therefore, this reliance on death

Middle Kingdom Egypt
When one thinks of Egypt, he or she usually thinks of the tombs and temples that are heavily
associated with the country. The article I read is titled "Met exhibit shatters 19th–century myths
about ancient Egypt"; Met stands for the Metropolitan Museum of Art which is located in New York.
The article presented many original art pieces, along with historical facts. The article talked about
the Egyptian civilization. I learned that Egypt's culture is divided up into three different kingdoms
(along with multiple dynasties). The Old Kingdom is the first, the Middle Kingdom is the second,
and the New Kingdom is the third. The Old Kingdom gave us pyramids, although the land did not
have the tools used in today's world, those who built the pyramids were advanced enough to
accomplish it. The pyramids were built from solid stone to bury their Pharaohs; this is something
that I did not know. The Middle Kingdom is the forgotten Kingdom of Egypt because there were so
many social, political, and cultural changes going on during this period of time. The Met...show more
content...
The exhibit showed many different types of art ranging from hair beads to statues. All of the art
is very detailed and tells a story of some sort. There are many statues and busts of the Kings,
Pharaohs, etc. from that time period. Facial and body configurations of the statues changed
drastically. The depiction of the face and bodies went from being "smooth, imposing and opaque"
with "crudely rendered feet and arms and knees barely protruding through a veil of impassive
stone" to faces that showed "aging, care and unrest" with bodies that were "young and athletic". I
wonder why from the Old Kingdom to the Middle Kingdom artisans decided to change the way in
which the statues were displayed. I think that the statues were changed to show less of a one
dimensional portrait and more of an actual human. The statues look more

Essay on Egypt
"Egypt" –Egypt is located in the North East part of Africa. More than 90% of Egypt is
desert. Only a very small portion of the population does not live along the Nile Valley and the
Delta. Without the Nile River Egypt would be little more than a desert. Egypt has a hot season
from May to September and a cool season from November to March. Egypt has very extreme
temperatures year round. In the coastal region of Egypt, average annual temperatures range from a
maximum of 99 degrees F, to a minimum of 57 degrees F. In the desert regions of Egypt wide
variations in temperature occur. These range from 114 degrees F in the daylight hours to 42 degrees
after sunset. In many desert locations of Egypt it might only rain once every few...show more
content...
They would bury their dead in elaborate tombs in order to protect them in the afterlife. They would
also created exquisite sculptures, jewelry, tools, and other objects, which they would bury with
their dead in their tombs. They believed this would equip their spirits for the afterlife. They
would also bury the book of the dead in the tomb to help them keep away from the dangers of the
demons of the afterlife. Egypt has a population of about (1996 estimate) 63,575,000 and has an
area of about 384,300 sq. miles. The capitol of Egypt is Cairo. Almost 99% of the population lives
within the Nile Valley and delta, which constitutes less than 4% of Egypt's total area. Islam is the
official religion of Egypt, and about 90% of all Egyptians are Muslims. Arabic is the national and
official language. Berber is spoken in a few villages in the western oases. Primary and secondary
education in Egypt is free, as are public universities and technical schools. Education is required
for children between the ages of 6 and 11. Graduates of the primary schools either attend general
intermediate school, which prepares them for secondary education, or a technical intermediate
school specializing in industrial and agricultural subjects. About 51% of the adult population is
literate. Egypt is a largely agricultural country. About 40% of the labor force is engaged in crop
farming or herding. Egypt is one of the world's leading producers of long–fibered cotton. Annual
cotton lint production

Egyptian Art Essay
Egyptian Art was once considered to be unchanged, when viewing this art as a whole. Egyptian Art
seems to be repetitive pattern of images and ideas. Yet all of these images are uniquely different.
Ranging from 3000b.c to 50b.c. Taking the same principles through out the entire period. Which
consists of Old, Middle and New Kingdoms. Each dynasty had a different addition to the basic
concepts that were established in the beginning, ideas of the artist grew faster and better. Many
cultures shared from the influence of Egyptian Art. Even if it was not copied, their artwork was
either compared or contrasted with that of the Greeks, Romans, Summerians, Assyrians and
Persians. All in one way or another form have come in contact with Egyptian...show more content...
Showing how the Egyptians had an influence on many cultures.
Tombs are placing for the dead. In most cultures of the Ancient world, there were tombs. Tombs
were erected and built usually for the highest official in the time period. In Egypt tombs were
made, there were different types. The most famous are the pyramids. These triangular buildings
were made for pharaohs. Mostly done by slave labor, these tombs were made with such
preciseness that it is still not known how they were made. Tombs were reflection of the
deceased's life. It was made to reflect all the things that the person had done in order to make it in
the afterlife. So these tombs were decorated with everything that would be needed for the after
life. The coffin that was used for the body can be seen today in modern times. In American culture
when a person dies they are put into a coffin, sometimes it reflects the person. Coffins were
elaborate parts of burial procedures in Egypt. Also in modern days, statues are erected for the
deceased in memory of the person or their act.
Egyptian Art is linked to Greek art. The columns that the Greeks are known for, originally have
come from Egyptians, many of the building that are built in present time have origins linked to
Greek Art. The Artwork of the Egyptians laid down basic steps to writing. The introduction of
heliographic, which is the form of having

Essay about Ancient Egypt
Egyptian history is rich, vibrant, and full of interesting cultural knowledge. Egypt is one of the
most fertile countries located in the Mediterranean Sea; because approximately 40,000 years ago
many people lived in Egypt earlier than in other places. The Egyptian environment is a hot and dry
area, because it is a part of the Sahara Desert. Many Egyptians' religious beliefs were polytheistic;
they believed in several different gods. The economy during the ancient Egyptian time period was
different because they were one of the first groups on earth to begin the farming trade. Although
Egyptian history occurred many years ago, it is still interesting and fascinating. (Environment
/ culture, Religion, Economy)
Of course, Ancient Egypt was...show more content...
Majority of the houses were one bedroom huts, while others were multi–room mansions of the rich.
Their furniture was usually used, and candles and lamps were used to light the inside of the
houses. Charcoal and wood was used for fuel, while clay ovens and fires were used for cooking.
Egyptians have been polytheistic since the beginning of time and throughout the Old Kingdom,
Middle Kingdom, and New Kingdom. This means they had faith in many different gods. They
were said to have worshipped their gods with animal sacrifices and many of the people would
carry images of the god from place to place. In the beginning the Egyptians believed that only
pharaohs had an afterlife. The Egyptians also believed that all of Egypt belonged to the gods and
Pharaoh was their representative here on earth. Some thought that maybe he was a god himself and
that made everything in Egypt belong to him. They later began to believe that everyone, including
animals, had an afterlife. Egyptians trusted that when a person died Anubis would weigh your soul
compared with a feather. This process would tell whether a person lied, murdered, or been too
self–involved. If the person's soul was heavier than the feathers with bad deeds, that person would be
punished. The heart was thrown to a horrible monster called the Eater of the Dead. The Egyptians
trusted that after people

Egypt Essay
Egypt Essay Egypt is in Africa in the eastern hemisphere. The Egyptians had 3 major kingdom time
periods, the Old Kingdom from 2850 BC–2200 BC, the Middle Kingdom from 2050 BC–1732 BC,
and the New Kingdom from 1570 BC–1090 BC. These kingdoms had some major challenges. Their
main challenge was being able to control everyone. The pharaoh had to have loyalty from his
people. The Old Kingdom made up some rules to try and keep their people in order and keep the
pharaoh as the main person in control. The Middle Kingdom the pharaohs began to lose their
power so they had to get it back somehow, and in the New kingdom they finally did and they
wanted to keep it that way. The Old Kingdom had many ways of trying to keep their people loyal.
One...show more content...
The pharaohs kept tight control over Egypt. The feared they would be taken over again so they
thought if they started conquering land than other places wouldn't be able conquer them. But the
pharaoh soon realized it was much harder to control an empire then take it over. When a weak
pharaoh was serving parts of the empire would break away it took a very strong pharaoh to keep
things running properly. After a while all the land had been lost. But the pharaoh still had control
because he taught kids that the pharaohs were most powerful to assure loyal followers when they
grew up. The Egyptians became rich but all the money went to the pharaohs and nobles. With the
citizens being poor, their say in things decreased and the pharaohs increased. The pharaohs of the
New Kingdom had the most power out of any pharaoh from a different kingdom. So in the Old
Kingdom starting with the pharaoh having a lot of power, then going to the Middle Kingdom
where the Pharaoh had almost no power, then to the New Kingdom where the pharaoh had the most
power. They faced the challenge of the pharaoh losing control of his people but over time they fixed
it by enforcing rules to make the people fear and worship the pharaoh. During the three kingdoms the
leaders figured out what rules worked and what rules didn't work. They didn't get it exactly right
because they got taken over and not gaining control until the 20th century, but they came close. That
is what I think is going on with

Ancient Egyptian Medicine Essays
The Nile river is known almost universally by historians as the cradle of medicine because it
passes through the great region of Egypt. Egypt greatly contributed to the western civilization.
Their knowledge was far superior to any previous civilization, and many civilizations to come. One
of their greatest achievements was in the field of medicine because they replaced myth with
medical fact, this laid the foundations for modern medical practice. They discovered the cause of
various illnesses and developed a cure. They practiced both medical and spiritual healing so the
worlds of religion and science could coexist. With the discoveries of several papyrus&#8217;,
we are learning more and more about their knowledge of the human...show more content...
The last type of physician called the magician–physician, was not trained in medicine and only used
spells to cure the ill. This signifies that although the
Egyptians made advances in the field of medicine, the aspect of magic never their medicine.
All physicians of Egypt were regarded in high favor of the kings. They were given such titles as
&#8220;Chief of all court physicians'; The nobles also used the term &#8220;body
physicians.'; These &#8220;body physicians,'; were permanently employed. Historians and
archaeologists are unsure of the methods of payment for these physicians, but they know that the
general physicians who went into the land were paid by natural resources such as a gold ring or
bracelet. It was a family tradition to become a doctor. It is unsure whether the position was
inherited or the fathers just wanted to pass down their knowledge to their sons. They can come
to the conclusion that all physicians were well looked after and were a valuable asset to all
pharaoh. In wartime and on journeys anywhere within Egypt, the sick are all treated free of
charge, because doctors are paid by the state. Court physicians had the same advantages of those
who went out to the war front. They were paid directly by the pharaoh so a wounded soldier in
battle would be able to receive free treatment.
The art of medicine was divided: each physician

Egyptian Pyramids Essay
When most people mention Ancient Egypt the first thing that comes to mind is the Pyramids. To
construct such monuments required a mastery of art, architecture and social organization that few
cultures would ever rival. The pyramids are said to have built Egypt by being the force that knit
together the kingdom's economy. Their creations were so substantial, that the sight of these vast
pyramids would take your breath away. Today, the valley of the Nile has an open air museum so
people can witness these grand monuments. Obsessed with the afterlife, Egypt's rulers of
4,500 years ago glorified themselves in stone, thereby laying the foundation of the first great
nation–state. A Pyramid is an enormous machine that helps the king go...show more content...
Immovable doors hung on great carved hinges. Facades called false doors through which the
pharaoh's ka, or vital force, was presumed to pass, lay recessed within walls. The interiors of
dummy temples were packed with rubble. Everything about the place bespoke illusion. The Step
Pyramid was a ladder. Not a symbol of a ladder but an actual one, by which the soul of a dead ruler
might climb to the sky, joining the gods in immortality. No one knows why the Egyptians
created this fantastic scene, but some archaeologists speculate that there was an Old Kingdom belief
that a work of art, a building, had power and utility in the afterlife in direct proportion to its
uselessness in the real world. In this view, each false door, each dummy temple worked in the
afterlife precisely because it could not function in this one. On the north side of the
pyramid is a small stone cubicle, with a pair of tiny holes in its facade. When you look through
these holes, you see two eyes retuning your stare, the blank gaze of a life size statue of Djoser
sitting on the throne. The holes are there for the pharaoh to look out perhaps at the stars in the
northern sky called the Imperishables because they never set. Many believe that the
building of Djoser's pyramid complex, which was accomplished by hundreds of workers from
across the land, served to join those provinces into the world's first nation–state. During the Old

Egypt And Ancient Egypt
Ancient Egypt was a Northeastern African civilization. It was located along the lower part of the
Nile River. The ancient civilization was surrounded by desert that protected Egypt from invasion,
but it also limited where the people could settle. Many farming villages were located along the edge
of the land and were watered by the Nile. In Egypt, there were also two areas of land: the Black
Land and the The Red Land. The Black Land had rich soil, was ten miles wide, and was well
irrigated. On the other hand, the Red Land stretched across North Africa and was a sun–baked
desert. Because the Egyptians were located next to the Nile, they experienced the flooding that
happened every year. Every spring they waited expectantly for the flood that would save their crops.
The people used their location to their advantage and built dikes, reservoirs, and irrigation ditches to
channel the river and to store for the dry season. Ancient Egypt was separated into two regions:
Upper Egypt, found in the south; and Lower Egypt, found in the north. Upper Egypt stretched from
EgyptВґs first waterfall to 100 miles from the Mediterranean Sea. Lower Egypt was near the delta
region where the Nile River flows into the Mediterranean Sea. The Nile was the most important part
of the EgyptianВґs location because it served as a highway between the north and south, helped
make Egypt one of the world's first unified states, was used as a trade route, and was used for easier
communication.

History of Egypt Essay
History of Egypt
The rich history of Egypt is tied very closely with the Nile River's fertile banks and existence as a
source of water. Flowing south to north, this massive river has had a tremendous impact on
agriculture, transportation, religion, migration of populations, and culture as a whole. The narrow
Nile Valley as well as the surrounding deserts provided defense and isolation from the arising
cultures of the time. Over many centuries, the rainfall has affected the levels of flooding on the Nile
and therefore the way in which the Egyptians had to live. This region is rich with cultural and
historical records of the ongoing relationship of culture and society with the environment and the
Nile.
Cairo is the capital of Egypt...show more content...
Over the next 1,000 years the settlements along the Nile grew from small villages living primarily
off of wheat and barley with the occasional sheep or pig to larger villages with constantly
developing irrigation. The Nile was becoming an increasingly important element in the lives of those
settled in Northern Africa.
Ancient Egypt
Egypt began its first dynastic period with the unification of Upper (southern) and Lower (northern)
Egypt by King Menes. Menes established the 1 st Dynasty of Ancient Egypt by declaring himself
Pharaoh and assuring that his son, Har–Aha, would rule after him. What many consider "Ancient
Egypt" began in the 3 rd Dynasty in which the Pharaoh Zoser built the first surviving pyramid. In
2600 BC, Khufu (Cheops) built the Great Pyramid of Giza, the largest pyramid still standing. The
following Pharaohs, son and grandson of Khufu, Chephren and Mycerinus also built pyramids in
Giza. The famous statue of the Sphinx was also built during this time period but without slave
labor as many historians once believed (www.scinet.cc/articles/egypt/historyofegypt.html). The
capital city, known as Memphis at the time, was located about 25 km south of today's Cairo. The
"Capital of the Pharoahs" grew over the next few centuries but the power of the Pharaohs declined
due to the increasing power of the Nomes, which were similar to modern Mayors or Governors.
2200 BC marked the end of the Old

Ancient Egypt Research Paper

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Ancient Egypt Research Paper