The document provides information about ancient river valley civilizations, including Mesopotamia, Egypt, and the Indus Valley. It discusses the key characteristics and features of each civilization, such as their geography, systems of government, religions, and innovations. Students are asked questions to assess their understanding of topics like the civilizations' writing systems, important figures, economies, and interactions. The document uses images, diagrams, and text to convey details about these early human societies that emerged along major rivers.
This document provides information about five ancient river valley civilizations: Mesopotamia, Egypt, Indus Valley, China, and the Fertile Crescent. It discusses the geography, politics, economics, and social aspects of each civilization. Key points include: Mesopotamia arose between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers; Egypt's civilization was centered around the Nile River; the Indus Valley civilization spanned modern-day Pakistan and India; China began along the Yellow River; and the Fertile Crescent stretched through modern Iraq, Israel, and Syria. Each civilization relied on farming and trade. Writing systems included cuneiform, hieroglyphics, and early Chinese characters.
The document provides information on several ancient river valley civilizations including Mesopotamia, Egypt, Indus Valley, and China. It discusses the geography, political structures, economic systems, and social aspects of each civilization. Key points mentioned include Mesopotamia emerging between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers and having a tradition of writing called cuneiform, Egypt centered around the Nile River and led by pharaohs with hieroglyphic writing, the Indus Valley civilization located in modern-day Pakistan but with an unknown writing system, and China emerging around the Yellow River valley and inventing silk and advances in astronomy.
The document provides information about early civilizations, including Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt. It discusses the emergence of cities and the first civilizations along the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in Mesopotamia, which consisted of the regions of Assyria, Akkad, and Sumer. It also covers Ancient Egypt along the Nile River and its history from the Old Kingdom to the Late Period. The document describes the social hierarchies, religious beliefs, and architectural achievements of both Mesopotamian and Egyptian civilizations.
Mesopotamia was an early civilization located between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. It was one of the first to establish organized culture and government. The Sumerians were the first major Mesopotamian civilization and invented a number of important technologies, including the first written language called cuneiform. Internal pressures like agricultural productivity and external pressures from invading groups led to the decline and overthrow of the Sumerians by 1700 BC, though their conquerors adopted many Sumerian traditions.
The document provides information about ancient Mesopotamia, the Indus River Valley civilization, and ancient China. It discusses the political, economic, geographic, and social aspects of each civilization. Mesopotamia arose between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers and used a system of cuneiform writing. The Indus Valley civilization spanned modern day Pakistan and parts of India, and its cities had brick walls to protect against Indus River flooding. Ancient Chinese civilization began along the Yellow River and achievements included silk production, astronomy, and the invention of paper.
Mesopotamia was located between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in modern-day Iraq. Several ancient civilizations developed there, including the Sumerians, Akkadians, Babylonians, and Assyrians. These civilizations made important contributions, such as developing the first system of writing called cuneiform, creating the first code of laws under Hammurabi, and establishing irrigation systems that allowed cities and empires to form. Students would learn about Mesopotamian culture through activities like reading stories, drawing pictures, and working in groups to deepen their understanding of this cradle of civilization.
Urbanization Of Ancient Mesopotamia, Egypt And The Indus...Ashley Davis
The Indus Valley civilization and Shang Dynasty shared some similarities as early river valley societies, such as relying on agriculture, but they also differed in important ways. Both civilizations developed complex urban planning and irrigation systems to support agriculture along major river valleys. However, the Shang Dynasty left behind extensive oracle bone inscriptions that provided insights into their religious beliefs and rulers, unlike the Indus Valley civilization which left no written records.
Presentación para ESO-1º-British.
Tema: Egipto y Mesopotamia en el contexto de las civilizaciones fluviales.
Tiene enlaces a vídeos cortos, de una duración entre 2 y 4 minutos.
Después de cada punto plantea actividades de distinto tipo.
This document provides information about five ancient river valley civilizations: Mesopotamia, Egypt, Indus Valley, China, and the Fertile Crescent. It discusses the geography, politics, economics, and social aspects of each civilization. Key points include: Mesopotamia arose between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers; Egypt's civilization was centered around the Nile River; the Indus Valley civilization spanned modern-day Pakistan and India; China began along the Yellow River; and the Fertile Crescent stretched through modern Iraq, Israel, and Syria. Each civilization relied on farming and trade. Writing systems included cuneiform, hieroglyphics, and early Chinese characters.
The document provides information on several ancient river valley civilizations including Mesopotamia, Egypt, Indus Valley, and China. It discusses the geography, political structures, economic systems, and social aspects of each civilization. Key points mentioned include Mesopotamia emerging between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers and having a tradition of writing called cuneiform, Egypt centered around the Nile River and led by pharaohs with hieroglyphic writing, the Indus Valley civilization located in modern-day Pakistan but with an unknown writing system, and China emerging around the Yellow River valley and inventing silk and advances in astronomy.
The document provides information about early civilizations, including Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt. It discusses the emergence of cities and the first civilizations along the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in Mesopotamia, which consisted of the regions of Assyria, Akkad, and Sumer. It also covers Ancient Egypt along the Nile River and its history from the Old Kingdom to the Late Period. The document describes the social hierarchies, religious beliefs, and architectural achievements of both Mesopotamian and Egyptian civilizations.
Mesopotamia was an early civilization located between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. It was one of the first to establish organized culture and government. The Sumerians were the first major Mesopotamian civilization and invented a number of important technologies, including the first written language called cuneiform. Internal pressures like agricultural productivity and external pressures from invading groups led to the decline and overthrow of the Sumerians by 1700 BC, though their conquerors adopted many Sumerian traditions.
The document provides information about ancient Mesopotamia, the Indus River Valley civilization, and ancient China. It discusses the political, economic, geographic, and social aspects of each civilization. Mesopotamia arose between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers and used a system of cuneiform writing. The Indus Valley civilization spanned modern day Pakistan and parts of India, and its cities had brick walls to protect against Indus River flooding. Ancient Chinese civilization began along the Yellow River and achievements included silk production, astronomy, and the invention of paper.
Mesopotamia was located between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in modern-day Iraq. Several ancient civilizations developed there, including the Sumerians, Akkadians, Babylonians, and Assyrians. These civilizations made important contributions, such as developing the first system of writing called cuneiform, creating the first code of laws under Hammurabi, and establishing irrigation systems that allowed cities and empires to form. Students would learn about Mesopotamian culture through activities like reading stories, drawing pictures, and working in groups to deepen their understanding of this cradle of civilization.
Urbanization Of Ancient Mesopotamia, Egypt And The Indus...Ashley Davis
The Indus Valley civilization and Shang Dynasty shared some similarities as early river valley societies, such as relying on agriculture, but they also differed in important ways. Both civilizations developed complex urban planning and irrigation systems to support agriculture along major river valleys. However, the Shang Dynasty left behind extensive oracle bone inscriptions that provided insights into their religious beliefs and rulers, unlike the Indus Valley civilization which left no written records.
Presentación para ESO-1º-British.
Tema: Egipto y Mesopotamia en el contexto de las civilizaciones fluviales.
Tiene enlaces a vídeos cortos, de una duración entre 2 y 4 minutos.
Después de cada punto plantea actividades de distinto tipo.
Early civilizations developed monumental architecture like ziggurats and pyramids to demonstrate power and unify cultures. Elites promoted arts that decorated temples and palaces. Writing systems independently arose in places like Mesopotamia, Egypt, and the Indus Valley and spread between cultures. Legal codes standardized rules but also stratified societies, as seen in Hammurabi's code treating classes differently. Literature like the Epic of Gilgamesh and Rig Veda reflected each culture. Trade of goods between Mesopotamia and Indus Valley linked regions. Overall, culture helped unify states by establishing shared symbols, laws, and economic ties while also reinforcing social hierarchies.
This document provides an overview of early civilizations and Mesopotamian and Egyptian civilization. It discusses the first civilizations emerging around 5000 years ago along major rivers like the Tigris, Euphrates, Nile, Yellow River, and Indus River. Mesopotamian civilization was the first to develop writing in around 3000 BC, with cuneiform writing on clay tablets. Egyptian civilization emerged along the Nile River, with the annual flooding providing fertile land. Powerful pharaoh kings ruled ancient Egypt, and religion was important for ensuring order. Both civilizations had hierarchical societies divided between elites and commoners. Mesopotamian and Egyptian art served religious and political functions through temples, statues
First civilizations of africa and asiaryandavidcox
This document provides a summary of Chapter 2 from a World History textbook. It covers the early civilizations that emerged in Africa and Asia between 3200 BC and 500 BC. The chapter is divided into 5 sections that discuss the ancient kingdoms of the Nile River Valley, Egyptian civilization, the city-states of ancient Sumer, the rise of empires in Mesopotamia through invaders and trade, and the roots of Judaism. Key topics covered include the importance of geography in influencing civilizations, religious beliefs and social structures in Egypt and Sumer, technological and cultural advances made, and the spread of ideas through conquest and migration.
The document provides an overview of key concepts in global history and social sciences, including:
1) Geography studies location, place, inhabitants, and human adaptation. Rivers provided water and fertile soil, enabling early civilizations.
2) Early civilizations developed near rivers due to resources and barriers protecting from invasion. Mountains and deserts also isolated groups.
3) History studies past events, especially related to humans. Primary sources directly observed events, while secondary sources interpret and analyze primary sources.
4) Economics addresses producing and distributing limited resources to meet unlimited wants. Early systems included traditional, capitalism, socialism, and mercantilism.
Ancient Mesopotamia was the earliest known civilization that arose between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in modern-day Iraq. It had advanced political systems including the earliest kingdoms and the Code of Hammurabi, a famous law code. The Mesopotamian economy was based around farming and trade along rivers and early trade routes. Culturally, the Sumerians invented writing in the form of cuneiform script etched onto clay tablets.
The document provides information about early river valley civilizations that developed agriculture including the Sumerians, Babylonians, and ancient Egyptians. It notes that around 10,000 years ago, people in the Middle East began farming crops in river valleys with rich soil like Mesopotamia between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, laying the foundations for permanent settlements. Notable contributions of early civilizations included inventions by the Sumerians like the wheel, plow, sailing boats, system of writing, and advances in areas like law, mathematics, and metalworking.
The civilizations of Mesopotamia and Egypt developed along major rivers and had both similarities and differences. Both relied on rivers for irrigation, though Mesopotamia's rivers flooded irregularly while Egypt's Nile flooded regularly. Politically, Mesopotamia had various powers rule over time while Egypt transitioned to a unified kingdom ruled by a divine pharaoh. Socially, both had class structures with nobles, commoners, and slaves, though Egypt's lower classes lived more freely.
Why Did The Indus Valley Have An Advanced CivilizationSamantha Caldwell
The Indus Valley Civilization had a significant influence on the development of social and political ideas in India. Hinduism originated in the Indus Valley culture, and was a dominant religion and political entity until the Mauryan Empire. Emperor Ashoka established Buddhism which spread across Asia. The Mughal Empire later unified India despite its religious and cultural diversity. European colonization disrupted India's political systems and autonomy. Gandhi led the independence movement that eventually drove the British out of India in the early 20th century. The caste system has also been a longstanding part of Indian culture and society.
Ancient Egypt can be summarized as follows:
1) Egypt had three main kingdoms - the Old Kingdom from 2850-2200 BC, the Middle Kingdom from 2050-1732 BC, and the New Kingdom from 1570-1090 BC. Each kingdom faced its own challenges.
2) The Egyptians relied heavily on the annual flooding of the Nile River, which provided water for crops and allowed the population to thrive along the Nile valley.
3) Religion played a central role in Egyptian society, with beliefs surrounding gods, the afterlife, and mummification rituals that allowed preservation of the body. Pyramids and elaborate tombs were constructed to aid kings and nobility in the
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This document summarizes the beginnings and basic structures of imperialism. It describes the age of exploration leading Europeans to race for overseas colonies for economic gain through trade. This "old imperialism" from the 1500s-1700s saw England, France, Holland, Portugal, and Spain fighting over colonies. A period of interlude followed before the "new imperialism" beginning in 1875, spurred by industrial needs of new markets and raw materials. This new imperialism was largely economic, seeking control over areas for profits rather than direct colonial rule. The motivations of imperialism included economic, political, military, social, religious justifications that were supported by ideas of social Darwinism and racism.
This document discusses several key aspects of community planning:
1) A needs assessment identifies gaps between current conditions and desired outcomes through surveys to prioritize actions and document needs for funding. A resources assessment identifies available community assets and support needs.
2) Participatory action planning engages community members in goal-setting and problem-solving through open communication and community-driven initiatives.
3) Evaluation design facilitates monitoring progress and outcomes to review effectiveness and identify areas for improvement.
The document discusses the downfall of Philippine agriculture and how students can help farmers. Several factors have negatively impacted agriculture, including wars, disease, and climate change. Many farmers are struggling without government support and are leaving their farms. Students are encouraged to support farmers by raising awareness of their hard work and difficulties. The government needs to provide more assistance to farmers to protect the country's natural resources and food supply, as agriculture is important to the Filipino people and economy.
Nationalism arose in 19th century Europe in response to the ideals of the Enlightenment and the French Revolution. It emphasized cultural pride and independence for ethnic and linguistic groups. This led states to establish firm boundaries and independence. In Italy, nationalism prompted revolts against foreign rulers and the eventual unification of Italy in 1861 under King Victor Emmanuel II. German nationalism also grew but resulted in a "Lesser Germany" that excluded Austria and was unified under Prussian leadership. Nationalism continued to be a major political force in Europe in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
The document provides information about personal entrepreneurial competencies (PECs) that are important for being a successful entrepreneur in the food industry. It lists 10 competencies and has the student identify which competencies need to be strengthened and which do not by marking them with D for desirable or U for undesirable. The document then provides descriptions of each competency practiced by successful food entrepreneurs, including being goal-oriented, a risk-taker, persistent, an opportunity seeker, innovative, committed, hardworking, optimistic, knowledgeable, and having good human relations. It concludes by having the student self-check which competencies need strengthening for success.
There are four main forms of eggs found in the market: fresh eggs, dried eggs, frozen eggs, and salted eggs. Fresh eggs are graded based on size and weight. Dried eggs are convenient to use and measure. Frozen eggs prevent spoilage. Salted duck eggs are commonly used to make salted eggs due to duck eggs' larger size and pores that allow for faster salt penetration. Eggs serve various culinary purposes including as a leavening agent, thickening agent, emulsifier, garnish, and for adding color.
Technology and Livelihood Education 8 - Activities.pptxRestyHezronDamaso1
The document discusses tools and equipment used for various agricultural tasks like applying insecticide, leveling soil, removing diseased plant leaves, maintaining irrigation systems, and preparing vast farms. It includes scenarios where students must identify the appropriate tool for tasks like applying insecticide in a garden, leveling calamansi garden soil, removing discolored eggplant leaves, maintaining irrigation equipment, and preparing a vast farm field. Students are also instructed to write down three things they learned, two interesting things, and one remaining question after reading the scenarios.
Hollandaise sauce is an emulsion of egg yolk, melted butter, and lemon juice that is usually seasoned with salt and white or cayenne pepper. It is well known for being served with eggs Benedict and steamed asparagus. Béchamel sauce, also known as white sauce, is traditionally made from a white roux and milk and may include salt and nutmeg as seasoning. It is one of the mother sauces of French cuisine. The document provides recipes for hollandaise sauce and béchamel sauce to serve with vegetable dishes.
The document discusses different types of communication audiences including individuals, communities, groups, organizations, and media audiences. It describes key characteristics of groups and organizations, such as interdependence, interaction, synergy, common goals, and shared norms. The document also covers theories of media audiences, including the hypodermic needle theory, two-step flow theory, and uses and gratifications theory. It discusses the reception model and concepts of dominant, negotiated, and oppositional readings. Additionally, the summary provides an overview of mass media channels like print, radio and television, as well as telecommunications and new media like social media.
This document outlines different types of cold and hot sandwiches. For cold sandwiches, it describes open-faced sandwiches made with one slice of bread, regular sandwiches with two slices of bread, pinwheel sandwiches made by rolling bread, tea sandwiches cut into shapes, multi-decker sandwiches with multiple layers, and wrap or rolled sandwiches wrapped in a tortilla. For hot sandwiches, it discusses regular sandwiches with hot fillings, open-faced sandwiches with a hot filling and topping, grilled sandwiches browned on a griddle, deep fried sandwiches battered and fried, and filled breads served with dips.
Early civilizations developed monumental architecture like ziggurats and pyramids to demonstrate power and unify cultures. Elites promoted arts that decorated temples and palaces. Writing systems independently arose in places like Mesopotamia, Egypt, and the Indus Valley and spread between cultures. Legal codes standardized rules but also stratified societies, as seen in Hammurabi's code treating classes differently. Literature like the Epic of Gilgamesh and Rig Veda reflected each culture. Trade of goods between Mesopotamia and Indus Valley linked regions. Overall, culture helped unify states by establishing shared symbols, laws, and economic ties while also reinforcing social hierarchies.
This document provides an overview of early civilizations and Mesopotamian and Egyptian civilization. It discusses the first civilizations emerging around 5000 years ago along major rivers like the Tigris, Euphrates, Nile, Yellow River, and Indus River. Mesopotamian civilization was the first to develop writing in around 3000 BC, with cuneiform writing on clay tablets. Egyptian civilization emerged along the Nile River, with the annual flooding providing fertile land. Powerful pharaoh kings ruled ancient Egypt, and religion was important for ensuring order. Both civilizations had hierarchical societies divided between elites and commoners. Mesopotamian and Egyptian art served religious and political functions through temples, statues
First civilizations of africa and asiaryandavidcox
This document provides a summary of Chapter 2 from a World History textbook. It covers the early civilizations that emerged in Africa and Asia between 3200 BC and 500 BC. The chapter is divided into 5 sections that discuss the ancient kingdoms of the Nile River Valley, Egyptian civilization, the city-states of ancient Sumer, the rise of empires in Mesopotamia through invaders and trade, and the roots of Judaism. Key topics covered include the importance of geography in influencing civilizations, religious beliefs and social structures in Egypt and Sumer, technological and cultural advances made, and the spread of ideas through conquest and migration.
The document provides an overview of key concepts in global history and social sciences, including:
1) Geography studies location, place, inhabitants, and human adaptation. Rivers provided water and fertile soil, enabling early civilizations.
2) Early civilizations developed near rivers due to resources and barriers protecting from invasion. Mountains and deserts also isolated groups.
3) History studies past events, especially related to humans. Primary sources directly observed events, while secondary sources interpret and analyze primary sources.
4) Economics addresses producing and distributing limited resources to meet unlimited wants. Early systems included traditional, capitalism, socialism, and mercantilism.
Ancient Mesopotamia was the earliest known civilization that arose between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in modern-day Iraq. It had advanced political systems including the earliest kingdoms and the Code of Hammurabi, a famous law code. The Mesopotamian economy was based around farming and trade along rivers and early trade routes. Culturally, the Sumerians invented writing in the form of cuneiform script etched onto clay tablets.
The document provides information about early river valley civilizations that developed agriculture including the Sumerians, Babylonians, and ancient Egyptians. It notes that around 10,000 years ago, people in the Middle East began farming crops in river valleys with rich soil like Mesopotamia between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, laying the foundations for permanent settlements. Notable contributions of early civilizations included inventions by the Sumerians like the wheel, plow, sailing boats, system of writing, and advances in areas like law, mathematics, and metalworking.
The civilizations of Mesopotamia and Egypt developed along major rivers and had both similarities and differences. Both relied on rivers for irrigation, though Mesopotamia's rivers flooded irregularly while Egypt's Nile flooded regularly. Politically, Mesopotamia had various powers rule over time while Egypt transitioned to a unified kingdom ruled by a divine pharaoh. Socially, both had class structures with nobles, commoners, and slaves, though Egypt's lower classes lived more freely.
Why Did The Indus Valley Have An Advanced CivilizationSamantha Caldwell
The Indus Valley Civilization had a significant influence on the development of social and political ideas in India. Hinduism originated in the Indus Valley culture, and was a dominant religion and political entity until the Mauryan Empire. Emperor Ashoka established Buddhism which spread across Asia. The Mughal Empire later unified India despite its religious and cultural diversity. European colonization disrupted India's political systems and autonomy. Gandhi led the independence movement that eventually drove the British out of India in the early 20th century. The caste system has also been a longstanding part of Indian culture and society.
Ancient Egypt can be summarized as follows:
1) Egypt had three main kingdoms - the Old Kingdom from 2850-2200 BC, the Middle Kingdom from 2050-1732 BC, and the New Kingdom from 1570-1090 BC. Each kingdom faced its own challenges.
2) The Egyptians relied heavily on the annual flooding of the Nile River, which provided water for crops and allowed the population to thrive along the Nile valley.
3) Religion played a central role in Egyptian society, with beliefs surrounding gods, the afterlife, and mummification rituals that allowed preservation of the body. Pyramids and elaborate tombs were constructed to aid kings and nobility in the
Egypt Research Paper
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This document summarizes the beginnings and basic structures of imperialism. It describes the age of exploration leading Europeans to race for overseas colonies for economic gain through trade. This "old imperialism" from the 1500s-1700s saw England, France, Holland, Portugal, and Spain fighting over colonies. A period of interlude followed before the "new imperialism" beginning in 1875, spurred by industrial needs of new markets and raw materials. This new imperialism was largely economic, seeking control over areas for profits rather than direct colonial rule. The motivations of imperialism included economic, political, military, social, religious justifications that were supported by ideas of social Darwinism and racism.
This document discusses several key aspects of community planning:
1) A needs assessment identifies gaps between current conditions and desired outcomes through surveys to prioritize actions and document needs for funding. A resources assessment identifies available community assets and support needs.
2) Participatory action planning engages community members in goal-setting and problem-solving through open communication and community-driven initiatives.
3) Evaluation design facilitates monitoring progress and outcomes to review effectiveness and identify areas for improvement.
The document discusses the downfall of Philippine agriculture and how students can help farmers. Several factors have negatively impacted agriculture, including wars, disease, and climate change. Many farmers are struggling without government support and are leaving their farms. Students are encouraged to support farmers by raising awareness of their hard work and difficulties. The government needs to provide more assistance to farmers to protect the country's natural resources and food supply, as agriculture is important to the Filipino people and economy.
Nationalism arose in 19th century Europe in response to the ideals of the Enlightenment and the French Revolution. It emphasized cultural pride and independence for ethnic and linguistic groups. This led states to establish firm boundaries and independence. In Italy, nationalism prompted revolts against foreign rulers and the eventual unification of Italy in 1861 under King Victor Emmanuel II. German nationalism also grew but resulted in a "Lesser Germany" that excluded Austria and was unified under Prussian leadership. Nationalism continued to be a major political force in Europe in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
The document provides information about personal entrepreneurial competencies (PECs) that are important for being a successful entrepreneur in the food industry. It lists 10 competencies and has the student identify which competencies need to be strengthened and which do not by marking them with D for desirable or U for undesirable. The document then provides descriptions of each competency practiced by successful food entrepreneurs, including being goal-oriented, a risk-taker, persistent, an opportunity seeker, innovative, committed, hardworking, optimistic, knowledgeable, and having good human relations. It concludes by having the student self-check which competencies need strengthening for success.
There are four main forms of eggs found in the market: fresh eggs, dried eggs, frozen eggs, and salted eggs. Fresh eggs are graded based on size and weight. Dried eggs are convenient to use and measure. Frozen eggs prevent spoilage. Salted duck eggs are commonly used to make salted eggs due to duck eggs' larger size and pores that allow for faster salt penetration. Eggs serve various culinary purposes including as a leavening agent, thickening agent, emulsifier, garnish, and for adding color.
Technology and Livelihood Education 8 - Activities.pptxRestyHezronDamaso1
The document discusses tools and equipment used for various agricultural tasks like applying insecticide, leveling soil, removing diseased plant leaves, maintaining irrigation systems, and preparing vast farms. It includes scenarios where students must identify the appropriate tool for tasks like applying insecticide in a garden, leveling calamansi garden soil, removing discolored eggplant leaves, maintaining irrigation equipment, and preparing a vast farm field. Students are also instructed to write down three things they learned, two interesting things, and one remaining question after reading the scenarios.
Hollandaise sauce is an emulsion of egg yolk, melted butter, and lemon juice that is usually seasoned with salt and white or cayenne pepper. It is well known for being served with eggs Benedict and steamed asparagus. Béchamel sauce, also known as white sauce, is traditionally made from a white roux and milk and may include salt and nutmeg as seasoning. It is one of the mother sauces of French cuisine. The document provides recipes for hollandaise sauce and béchamel sauce to serve with vegetable dishes.
The document discusses different types of communication audiences including individuals, communities, groups, organizations, and media audiences. It describes key characteristics of groups and organizations, such as interdependence, interaction, synergy, common goals, and shared norms. The document also covers theories of media audiences, including the hypodermic needle theory, two-step flow theory, and uses and gratifications theory. It discusses the reception model and concepts of dominant, negotiated, and oppositional readings. Additionally, the summary provides an overview of mass media channels like print, radio and television, as well as telecommunications and new media like social media.
This document outlines different types of cold and hot sandwiches. For cold sandwiches, it describes open-faced sandwiches made with one slice of bread, regular sandwiches with two slices of bread, pinwheel sandwiches made by rolling bread, tea sandwiches cut into shapes, multi-decker sandwiches with multiple layers, and wrap or rolled sandwiches wrapped in a tortilla. For hot sandwiches, it discusses regular sandwiches with hot fillings, open-faced sandwiches with a hot filling and topping, grilled sandwiches browned on a griddle, deep fried sandwiches battered and fried, and filled breads served with dips.
This document discusses how humans are uniquely designed by God. It covers three main points:
1) God created humans in His image, unlike animals, showing we are not products of evolution.
2) God gave humans a special place over His creation and the ability to think independently, making each person unique and valuable.
3) As adolescents, we each have our own unique personality and makeup as designed differently by God, influenced by heredity, environment, and personal will.
The document lists common tools, ingredients, and thickening agents used in preparing desserts. It asks the reader to cite specific desserts that use sugar, gelatin, egg yolks, egg whites, fruits, batter, cream, nuts, and chocolate as ingredients. It also asks about factors for checking ingredient quality and examples of thickening agents.
This document defines and describes various government agencies and concepts in the Philippines. It discusses agencies such as the Department of Science and Technology, which coordinates science and technology projects, and the Department of Trade and Industry, which promotes economic development. It also explains concepts like the National Capital Region, Automated Guideway Transit, and Philippine Standard Time. The document provides an overview of several important organizations in the Philippine government system.
The document provides instructions for practicing mise en place, which refers to gathering and preparing all necessary tools and ingredients before cooking. It lists learning outcomes related to preparing egg dishes and mise en place. Key pointers for mise en place when preparing egg dishes include collecting all suitable tools needed and measuring or weighing dry and wet ingredients accurately.
The document provides instructions for practicing mise en place, which refers to gathering and preparing all necessary tools and ingredients before cooking. It lists learning outcomes related to preparing egg dishes and mise en place. Key pointers for mise en place when preparing egg dishes include collecting all suitable tools needed and measuring or weighing dry and wet ingredients accurately.
Assessment and Planning in Educational technology.pptxKavitha Krishnan
In an education system, it is understood that assessment is only for the students, but on the other hand, the Assessment of teachers is also an important aspect of the education system that ensures teachers are providing high-quality instruction to students. The assessment process can be used to provide feedback and support for professional development, to inform decisions about teacher retention or promotion, or to evaluate teacher effectiveness for accountability purposes.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
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How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Thinking of getting a dog? Be aware that breeds like Pit Bulls, Rottweilers, and German Shepherds can be loyal and dangerous. Proper training and socialization are crucial to preventing aggressive behaviors. Ensure safety by understanding their needs and always supervising interactions. Stay safe, and enjoy your furry friends!
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
Physiology and chemistry of skin and pigmentation, hairs, scalp, lips and nail, Cleansing cream, Lotions, Face powders, Face packs, Lipsticks, Bath products, soaps and baby product,
Preparation and standardization of the following : Tonic, Bleaches, Dentifrices and Mouth washes & Tooth Pastes, Cosmetics for Nails.
1. Goal:
1.Students will REVIEW the 8 basic
FEATURES that make up civilizations.
2. Students will identify key
Characteristics of the Mesopotamia
Civilization.
DO NOW:
1. COMPLETE YOUR 8 BASIC
CHARACTERISTICS CHART
2. WHEN COMPLETE PLACE SOME OF YOUR
HOMEWORK IDEAS ON THE BOARD
2. Before we begin!!!!!
Political: Who controls what? What type of
government is there? Anything to do with
laws or war.
Economic: What type of economy? How
do people make a living?
Geography: Where is it? Is the land
mountainous? Desert? Oceanic?
Social: Religious, intellectual, artistic
15. The ancient city of Babylon, under King Nebuchadnezzar
II, must have been a wonder to the traveler's eyes. "In
addition to its size," wrote Herodotus, a historian in 450
BC, "Babylon surpasses in splendor any city in the known
world."
Herodotus claimed the outer walls were 56 miles in length,
80 feet thick and 320 feet high. Wide enough, he said, to
allow a four-horse chariot to turn. The inner walls were "not
so thick as the first, but hardly less strong." Inside the walls
were fortresses and temples containing immense statues of
solid gold. Rising above the city was the famous Tower of
Babel, a temple to the god Marduk, that seemed to reach to
the heavens
17. Economic: trade and farming
Sumerians
(Mesopotamians) were
known to trade with
the Egyptians and the
Indus Valley
civilizations.
In later years, these
trade routes became
Silk Road.
18. Sumerians invented the wheel!
The wheel was
invented by 6000 BC!
It helped military,
farming and trade.
At right, this is made
of wood.
21. Mesopotamia Quiz
Political:What law system did Sumerians
use? Hint: It can be summed: eye for eye;
tooth for tooth.
Economic: How did Mesopotamians earn a
living?
Geography:Between what 2 rivers did the
Fertile Crescent appear?
Social:What type of writing did they use?
25. Do Now: Answer the
following questions
based on the diagram
below.
1. Which is the tallest
pyramid?
2. Which is taller, Khufu
or the Washington
Monument?
3. What is the length of
the side of the
Menkaure pyramid at
its base?
Goal: Why did the Ancient Egyptians believe the
Nile River was a gift?
26. Ancient Egypt
3200-500 BC
I. Location
1. North Africa
2. Natural barriers: Mediterranean Sea, Sahara
Desert, Red Sea
A. Result = less prone to invasion.
II. Nile River
1. World’s longest river (4000 miles)
2. “Gift of the Nile” annual flooding that deposits
rich soil.
3. Benefits
A. Easy communication.
27. Egyptian Society
I. Egyptian Kingdoms become one.
1. Menes: Unified Lower & Upper Egypt around 3100 BC.
II. Religious Beliefs
1. Polytheistic: belief in many gods controlling earth.
2. Mummification: process of preseriving the dead.
A. Afterlife Happy Field of Food or Devourer of Souls
3. Pharaohs: god-kings of Egypt.
4. Chief gods: Isis, Osiris, Amon-Re, Anubis
III. Kingdoms of the Nile
Old Kingdom
2650-2134 BC
Middle
Kingdom
2040-1640 BC
New Kingdom
1550-1070 BC
Achievements Built enormous
tombs &
pyramids.
Land drained for
farming.
Traded with lands
along the Red &
Mediterranean
Sea.
Decline Power struggles,
crop failures, &
cost of pyramids.
Hittites invaded
& conquered.
Nubians, then
others, invaded.
29. Pyramids
These are the Giza
pyramids, the most
famous.
Pyramids were tombs
for the kings.
These were built in
3500 B.C.E.
How old are they?
30.
31. Political:Egyptian Pharaohs
Egyptians were led by
Pharaohs.
They were priest-kings
King Tut is the most
famous
Using computers, this
image was
reconstructed using his
remains
35. Mummies
Egyptians who could
afford to do so would
have themselves
mummified.
They believed in a
better afterlife if their
body was preserved.
36. The Egyptians took out all of the internal organs, except
the heart. When they removed them the organs were put
in canopic jars, that were put in the tomb with the
mummy. They did not take out the heart because it was
believed to be the intelligence and emotion of the
person. The Egyptians
thought the brain had no significant value, so they took it
out through the nose. The body was packed and covered
with natron (a salty drying agent). After this the body
was left
for 40-50 days.
40. What did Egyptians write on?
Ancient Egyptians
used papyrus, a
substance derived
from the plant of
the same name
41. The Great Sphinx is
located on the Giza
plateau, about six
miles west of Cairo.
42. Nubia
People around the
world have learnt about
the glorious past of the
Egyptian empire, but
most have failed to
learn of the Nubia,
which was sometimes
even stronger than the
Egyptian empire. Nubia
rivaled Egypt in wealth
and power, and
mutually influenced
each other.
43. The Egyptians called them the Kush. The Kush was
comparable with Egypt, and both states
communicated with each other constantly. Today we
do not hear of Nubia nor Kush. In its place is nothern
Sudan. With the construction of the Aswan high dam
in the 1960s, Nubian land was flooded and that forced
some 100,000 Nubians to seek new homes in
Egyptian and Sudanese cities. Nubia's glorious past is
now under water.
45. Egyptian economy
Although Egypt looks
really sophisticated, the
economy is a traditional
economy based on
farming and trade.
Egyptians traded up and
down the Nile, with
Mesopotamians and
sometimes with Indus
Valley (in Pakistan)
47. Egypt Quiz
1.What river is the basis for Egyptian civilization?
2.What “paper” did Egyptians write on?
3. What is an Egyptian ruler called?
4.What writing system did Egyptians use?
5.What other African kingdom did Egypt trade
and interact with?
6. What type of economic system did Egypt have?
48. 1 OCT AGENDA
COPY DOWN INDUS CIVILIZATION
QUESTIONS
GO OVER RUBRIC FOR FRIDAYS
GROUP PRESENTATIONS
GO OVER HW ON PAGES 126 - 131
49. Indus River Quiz
P: Why do we know so little of the power
structure in the Indus Valley?
E: How did the Indus make a living?
G:In what modern day country are the settlements
of the Indus River Valley civilization?
G:Why did the cities have so many walls?
S: How do Indus artifacts demonstrate that the the
the Indus Valley was sophisticated?
53. Indus River civilization
We do know the cities
were sophisticated
enough to have brick
walls surrounding
them for protection
against flooding from
the Indus River.
56. Indus Economy
Just like the other river
valley civs, the Indus
river valley people
were mostly farmers.
Traditional economy
They did trade with
Chinese and with
Sumerians
(Mesopotamians).
58. Indus River Quiz
P: Why do we know so little of the power
structure in the Indus Valley?
E: How did the Indus make a living?
G:In what modern day country are the settlements
of the Indus River Valley civilization?
G:Why did the cities have so many walls?
S: How do Indus artifacts demonstrate that the the
the Indus Valley was sophisticated?
59. HW: Students can read and look at Visual Sources of the Indus
Civilization and answer the following questions
Based on these visual sources, how would you describe an Indus Valley city to
someone who had never seen it?
Compare these images of Indus Valley cities with those of the early agrarian
village of Çatalhüyük (see the photo on p. 64 and Visual Source 2.1 on page 77).
What differences can you identify between these two types of settlements? What
had changed in the intervening centuries?
IMAGE 3.2
How might a prominent landowner, a leading official, a clan head, or a merchant
make use of such a seal?
What meaning might you attach to the use of animals as totems or symbols of a
particular group or individual?
IMAGE 3.3
What specific features of this figure can you point out?
What possible indication of elite status can you identify?
What does Visual Source 3.4 suggest about views of women, images of female
beauty, and attitudes about sexuality and the body?
IMAGE 3.4
What features of this statue may have provoked such observations?
How do you react to this statue? What qualities does she evoke?
What overall impression does the statue convey?
60. Based on these visual sources, how would you describe
an Indus Valley city to someone who had never seen it?
HARAPPA
61. •physical setting in a plain surrounded by
agricultural fields; the major river at the top of the
picture; its large size; and the grid layout of its
streets.
•Individual features of the city: walls and gates;
the large, separately walled complex to the left of
the drawing; the suburbs that cluster next to this
separate walled enclosure; the river port at the
center top of the drawing; and the large open
space within the walls of the city toward the
center top of the image.
Based on these visual sources, how
would you describe an Indus Valley city to
someone who had never seen it?
62. How might a
prominent
landowner, a
leading official, a
clan head, or a
merchant make
use of such a
seal?
What meaning
might you attach
to the use of
animals as totems
or symbols of a
particular group
or individual?
63. How might a prominent landowner, a
leading official, a clan head, or a
merchant make use of such a seal?
The seal might be used to mark
ownership of trade goods destined for
transport; or to represent a specific clan,
a high official, or a prominent individual.
Other possibilities decoration, for
financial or commercial contracts, or as
a symbol of authority.
64. What meaning might you attach to the
use of animals as totems or symbols
of a particular group or individual?
Animals possess symbolic meanings in the
Indus Valley civilization.
Specific animals may have been associated
with specific professions, clans, or people.
Animals may have been used as totems,
and their inclusion on seals was designed
to protect or safeguard the item attached to
the seal.
Animals provided a simple written language
65. What specific
features of this
figure can you
point out?
What possible
indication of
elite status
can you
identify?
66. What specific features of this
figure can you point out?
The specific features that stand out are
its headband, armband, and clothing
pattern.
The facial features of the figure are also
pronounced, as is his beard.
67. What possible indication of
elite status can you identify?
The headband and armband may be
signs of elite status.
The pattern on his clothing may imply
wealth and status.
His beard may also be a sign of elite
status.
68.
69. What features of this statue may
have provoked such observations?
her body posture and facial features,
which convey confidence
her bracelets and other jewelry, which
might speak to her status and perhaps
her profession
70. How do you react to this statue?
What qualities does she evoke?
Two possible reactions :artistic qualities and
beauty; and interest in its purpose and
meaning
Several scholars have noted that the statue
evokes confidence and perhaps talent; it
might also evoke a sense of impatience on
the part of the dancer.
71. Ancient China Quiz
P: In China, according to the dynastic cycle,
what happened to “bad kings”?
E: How did the Chinese earn a living?
G: What river was the earliest Chinese
civilization centered around?
S: What technological advancements did the
Chinese have?
73. As in Egypt, Mesopotamia, and along the Indus River,
Chinese civilization began within a major river valley.
Modern China itself is a huge geographical expanse.
Around 4000 BC, this huge area contained an almost
infinite number of ethnic groups and languages. This
history, in which a vast area populated by diverse ethnic
groups became, over time, a more or less single culture,
began in the Yellow River Valley.
75. Chinese accomplishments
During the Zhou and
Shang periods, the
Chinese made
remarkable
achievements in
astronomy and
bronzework, learned
to make silk and
create books, and
developed a complex
system of writing
76. E:Chinese invented silk
Silk was exotic and
expensive, so it was
good for trading with
the rest of the world.
It is made from silk
worms.
Silk also makes
“paper”
78. S:Chinese astronomy
•2137 BC - Chinese book 书经 records the earliest known solar
eclipse on October 22.
• 2000 BC - Chinese determine that Jupiter needs 12 years to
complete one revolution of its orbit.
•1400 BC - Chinese record the regularity of solar and lunar
eclipses and the earliest known solar variation日珥.
•1200 BC - Chinese divide the sky into twenty eight regions 二
十八宿 for recognitions of the stars.
•1100 BC - Chinese first determine the spring equinox 黄赤交
角.
•776 BC - Chinese make the earliest reliably record of solar
eclipse.
79. In the Middle Ages the Arabs made known
throughout Muslim Spain a material which
was to replace all its predecessors. This was
paper, whose manufacture they imported
from far distant and mysterious realm of
China.
The first paper appeared in China about 200
BC. Its name is derived from papyrus. Silk
was transformed into paper by a process of
pasting, but because silk was expensive, wool
and cotton came to be used instead. This
invention was attributed to Ts'ai Lun.
PAPER
80. In the picture above, the
manufacturing process used by the
Chinese. They steeped mulberry or
bamboo bark in water, then kneaded it
to produce a paste from which they
obtained smooth thin sheets of paper.
81. According to Chinese political theory, every
dynasty goes through the so-called
dynastic cycle:
1.A new ruler unites China and founds a new
dynasty.
2.China, under the new dynasty, achieves prosperity
and a new golden age.
3.The royal family of the dynasty begins to decay,
corruption becomes rampant in the imperial court,
and the empire begins to enter decline and instability.
4.The dynasty loses the Mandate of Heaven, their
legitimacy to rule, and is overthrown by a rebellion.
The Mandate of Heaven is then passed to the next
dynasty
89. Ancient China Quiz
P: In China, according to the dynastic cycle,
what happened to “bad kings”?
E: How did the Chinese earn a living?
G: What river was the earliest Chinese
civilization centered around?
S: What technological advancements did the
Chinese have?
90. This powerpoint was kindly donated to
www.worldofteaching.com
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thousand powerpoints submitted by teachers. This is a
completely free site and requires no registration. Please
visit and I hope it will help in your teaching.
92. #1 What were the sources of state
authority in the First Civilizations?
Citizens recognized that the complexity of cities or
densely populated territories required some authority
authorities frequently used force to compel obedience.
Authority in early civilizations was often associated
with divine sanction.
Writing and accounting gave states authority by
defining elite status, conveying prestige on the literate,
providing a means to send out propaganda,
strengthening the state by making accurate record and
giving weight to orders, regulations, and laws.
93. #2 MESOPOTAMIA
• outlook on life viewed
humans as caught in an
disorderly world, subject to
the whims of quarreling
gods.
• environment deforestation,
soil erosion, and salinization
of the soil. This ecological
deterioration weakened
Sumerian city-states,
• Urban centered cities
• civilization, consisted of
independent states that
frequently warred among
themselves and were subject
to unexpected attack
EGYPTIAN
cheerful and hopeful outlook on
the world, rebirth of the sun
each day and of the river every
year assured Egyptians that life
would prevail over death.
more sustainable agricultural
system that lasted for thousands
of years and contributed to the
continuity of its civilization.
Rural while cities were
governmental or religious based
a strong divine right system.
While over time the pharaohs
declined in real power, the
political tradition helped Egypt
to maintain unity for 3,000 yrs.
94. #3 When and where did the
First Civilizations emerge?
1. Sumer in Mesopotamia, by 3000 B.C.E.
2. Egypt in the Nile River valley, by 3000
B.C.E.
3. Indus Valley civilization in the Indus and
Saraswati river valleys of present-day
Pakistan, by 2000 B.C.E.
4. China, by 2200 B.C.E.
95. #4 What was the role of cities in the
early civilizations?
political and administrative centers
centers of culture including art, architecture,
literature, ritual, and ceremony
marketplaces for both local and long-
distance exchange
centers of manufacturing activity
96. #5 What accounts for the initial
breakthroughs to civilization?
1. The growing density of population, producing more
congested and competitive societies, was a
fundamental motor of change.
2. Such settings provided incentives for innovations,
such as irrigation or plows that could produce more
food
3.These same environments generated intense
competition among rival groups that led to repeated
warfare.
4. Since losers could not easily flee to new lands, they
were absorbed into the winner’s society as slaves.
97. # 6 In what ways was social inequality
expressed in early civilizations?
wealth
avoidance of physical labor
clothing
houses
manner of burial
class-specific treatment in legal codes
98. #7 MESOPOTAMIA
PATRIARCHY
law codified and sought to
enforce a patriarchal family
life.
respectable women, those
under the protection and
sexual control of one man
nonrespectable women, such
as slaves and prostitutes,
who were often forbidden to
wear a veil.
goddesses were gradually
relegated to home and
hearth, to be replaced by
male deities,
EGYPTIAN
PATRIARCHY
Women in Egypt were
recognized as legal equals to
men. They were able to own
property, sell land, make their
own wills, sign their own
marriage contracts, and initiate
their own divorces.
Royal women occasionally
exercised significant political
power as queens.
Women were not veiled in
Egypt, and art depicting
marrage as equal partners.
99. #8. In what ways have historians tried
to explain the origins of patriarchy?
Transition from digging-stick agriculture (mostly women)
to more intensive agriculture with animal-drawn plows and
more intensive large-herd pastoralism (men better perform)
The growing population of civilizations meant that women
were more often pregnant and even more deeply involved in
child care than before.
•Men, because they were less important in the household,
were available to take on positions of economic, religious,
and political authority as societies grew more complex.
From these positions men shaped the values and practices of
their societies in a manner that benefited them at the
expense of women.
100. # 9 Meso & Egypt Neighbor Interaction
agriculture relied on wheat and barley adopted from
Mesopotamia
gourds, watermelon, domesticated donkeys, and cattle from
Sudan.
Egypt’s step pyramids and system of writing were stimulated by
Mesopotamian models.
divine kingship” most likely derived from traditions in central
or eastern Sudan
Indo-European pastoralists influenced both as they migrated
into the region. They brought with them the horse and chariot
technology, which proved effective on the battlefield. Both
incorporated both the horse and chariot into their armies.
With the invasion of the Hyksos into Egypt, Egyptian
civilization also adopted new kinds of armor, bows, daggers,
and swords; improved methods of spinning and weaving