This document details the requirements and processes for ostrich hatcheries, including natural and artificial incubation methods. It covers essential aspects such as incubation periods for various bird species, temperature and humidity needs, egg positioning, and turning frequency to maximize hatchability. It also discusses the impact of altitude and ventilation on hatching success.

1. Ostrich Hatchery
Requirements

3. .
Hatchery
Hatchery is a machine which
provides the basic
requirement for the
development of embryo into a
health chick

4. .
Oology
The branch of science which
deal with the study of eggs is
known as Oology
Egg
A chamber that provides
nourishment and protection
for the growth and
development of embryo
inside it

5. .
Embryo
The earliest development of
germinal disk within egg until
it hatches

6. .
Germinal disk
A small, circular, white patch
on the upper surface of yolk,
containing cell from which
the chick develops if the egg
is fertilized

7. Incubation Periods of Avian Species
.
1 Hen 21 Days
2 Quail 21-23
3 Duck 28
4 Turkey 28
5 Ostrich 35-49

8. Incubation Methods
 Natural Incubation  Artifical Incubation

9. Natural Incubation
 For small scale household purpose
 Required by Medium Size ostrich
Characterized by
 Ruffled feathers
 Loosing feathers under wing & legs
 Free from parasite (External & Internal)
 Capacity of eggs 15-20 eggs/ ostrich
 Clean nesting material
 Broody patch

10. . 10

11. Artificial Incubation

CAPACITY ------120-
POSITION ------Flat
VENTILATION ---Natural Source
TURNING -------4-6 times manually
normal temperature requirement

12. .
 LARGE (two types)
 I)--Mammoth/ Cabinet /Forced draft incubators
 II)-Walk in Incubators
Capacity---100-500 eggs
Two Major Parts
A B
Setter Hatcher

13. Setter
 From 1-38 days
 Broader end up & Pointer end at bottom
 Turning automatically--------4-6 times
 It has multiple trays
 Ventilators for Ventilations
 Heat source –electricity with fans for uniform distribution
.

14. Setter
. .

15. Hatcher
 38-44 days
 1/3 capacity of setter
 No turning
 Heat source –electricity with fans for uniform distribution
.

16. Temperature
Setter
36.5
Hatcher
36
Effect of High Temperature
smaller / weak chick
unhealed naval
missing eyes & brain
Effect of Low Temperature
delayed chicks
sticky chicks

17. Humidity
 %age of moisture in air
Setter
14-20
Hatcher
30-35
Effect of High Humidity
less evaporation
hatching delayed
soft abdomen chicks
Effect of Low Humidity
excess loss of water
early hatching
dehydrated chicks

18. Ventilation
 Crossing of fresh gasses with foul gasses
 Normal Co2 level-------0.3%
 Above 0.5%-----------reduced hatchability
 Above 2%-------------0% hatchability

19. Altitude
 High altitude – reduced hatchability
 Normal hatchability is –50-70%
 At 2500 ft--------85%
 At 4950 ft--------74%
 At 7160 ft--------64%
Recommended sea level –2500 ft

20. Position of eggs
 Position of egg is Broader end up & Pointer end at
bottom
 If broader end at bottom
50% dead in seal due to non-establishment of
pulmonary respiration

21. Turning of eggs
 Normal turning angel 40-45o each side
 4-6 times turning / 24 hours
 If turning in circle
 it will rapture allantois membrane
Normal turning provides
 uniform temperature
 reduce sticky chicks
 50% dead in shell due to non-establishment of pulmonary respiration

22. . 22

23. Financial Accounting 23

24. . 24

25. .
Incubation
Process by which birds / hatchery hatch their fertile
eggs
Incubation Period
The time during which incubation takes place
 .

26. . 26

27. . 27

28. Thanks