This document discusses open source software and its use in education. It begins with an introduction to education technology and open source software. It then defines open source software and provides examples. Key aspects discussed include the concept of open source software, Creative Commons licenses, advantages of open source software in education, examples of open source software used in schools, and how open source software is evaluated. The document concludes that open source software plays an important role in education.

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Department of PG Studies and Research in Education
Jnana Sahyadri,
Shankarghatta-577451
Subject: Educational Technology
Topic: Assignment Draft on ‘Open Source Software’
Kuvempu University
Submitted To:-
Dr. Jaganath K. Dange,
Associate Professor,
Department of Education,
Kuvempu University
Submitted By:-
Dravya
M.Ed Ist Semester,
Department of Education,
Kuvempu University

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INDEX
S.No Content Page
Number
1. Introduction 3
2. Meaning 4
3. Concept of OSS 5,6
4. Creative Commons (CC) 7-10
5. OSS in Education 11-14
6. Evaluation of OSS 15,16
7. Conclusion 17
8. Bibliography 18

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4. 4
Introduction
Now a days education technology place a very
important role in the field of education. It is the
combined use of computer hardware, software and
educational theory and practice to facilitate learning. So
many new functions have been introduced in the
education technology. Among that one of them is Open
Source Software (OSS).

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Meaning
Open Source Software is computer software that is
release under a license in which the copyright holder
grants users the rights to use, study, change and
distribute the software and its source code to anyone
and for any purpose.

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Concept of Open Source Software(OSS)
Open Source Software is a software whose source code
is available and can be customized altered and within
the specified guidelines lay down by the creator.
Examples:-Linux, Apache, Firefox, Open Office, Android,
wordpress are some examples of open source
software.
A software source code is freely distributed with a licence
to study change and further distributed to anyone for
any purpose is called open source software
Father of Open Source Software is “Richard Stallman”
Dedicated programmers improve upon the source code
and share the changes within the community.

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Source code is freely available with the software on the
internet
To make a software one can need all coding to build it.
There are two kinds of codes:-
Source code:- It is the code that humans can understand
or read
Example- C, C++, Java etc.
Object code- It is the code that computer can understand
Example – sequence of 0 &1 bits
.

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Creative Commons
Creative Common (CC) licenses play an important role in facilitating Gold Open
Access publishing. They provide a legal framework for giving users the ability to
freely view, download and distribute content.
It offers authors a choice of Creative Commons licenses that they can apply to their
work, which differs in terms of the rights they grant end users. All of the licenses
require that those redistributing or re-using the work should give appropriate credit
and indicate if changes were made. Authors might be required or advised by their
funders to choose particular CC licenses, such as CC-BY or CC-BY-ND, when
publishing their research as Gold Open Access.
Whereas a CC BY is the most liberal license, the CC BY-NC-ND is the most
restrictive.
CC License types
There are six different CC license types and they all provide attribution and free
access to your publication. The available ‘building blocks’ for a license are:
BY – Credit must be given to the creator.
SA – Adaptations must be shared under the same terms.
NC – Only Non-Commercial uses of the work are permitted.
ND – No Derivatives or Adaptations of the work are permitted.

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Creative Commons
Six different CC license types
1. CC-BY (Creative Commons Attribution License): Allows others to copy and
redistribute the material in any medium or format and remix, transform and build
upon the material for any purpose, even commercially. This is often the preferred
choice for journal articles, particularly in science, technology and medicine, as it
allows other researchers to make full use of the findings in their own work. It is also
the license that is required for journal articles by some funders, including coalitions.
2. CC-BY-SA (Creative Commons Attribution Share-alike License): Allows
others to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and remix,
transform and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially, provided
it is distributed under the same license as the original original. This license is
permitted by some funders as an alternative to CC-BY.
3. CC-BY-ND (Creative Commons No-Derivatives License): Allows others to
copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format. However, if you remix,
transform or build upon the material these modifications cannot be distributed. This
license is permitted by some funders as an alternative to CC-BY.

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Creative Commons
Six different CC license types
4. CC-BY-NC (Creative Commons Non-Commercial License): Allows others to
copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format. However, the material
may not be used for commercial purposes. It can be an appropriate license for
monographs because it protects print copy sales while still providing scope for users
to create derivative works of the online version to the benefit of all academia.
5. CC-BY-NC-SA (Creative Commons Non-Commercial Share-alike): Allows
others to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format, remix,
transform and build upon the material for any non-commercial purpose, but the
material may not be used for any commercial purpose. If the material is remixed,
transformed or built upon, it must be distributed under the same license as the
original. While the Share-alike license might sometimes encourage further uptake of
OA by authors wanting to re-use the content, it can also create an unnecessary
barrier to the re-use of the OA content.

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Creative Commons
Six different CC license types
6. CC-BY-NC-ND (Creative Commons Non-Commercial No-Derivatives
License): Allows others to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or
format. However, the material may not be used for commercial purposes and if you
remix, transform or build upon the material these modifications cannot be
distributed. The license is particularly appropriate for books and other products
where significant revenue is needed from derivative rights sales (for example,
translation rights), in order to keep author charges low.

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Advantages of Open Source Software
Open Source Software can have major impact on entire organization. There are
several advantages of using open source software.
Some of them are:-
 Lesser hardware cost
 High quality software
 No vendor lock-in
 Integrated management
 Simple licence management
 Lawyer software cost
 Abundant support
 Scaling and consolidatin

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Open Source Software in Education
In the last few years open source as supported the education system by sharing
data, libraries and opportunities for teachers and students to evolve their
educational programs and improve the level of education in every stage.
The open source concept refers to software with source code which is accessible
to the public and can be adjusted improved and adopted to meet the needs of
any specific request.
Open Source Software design for educational purpose supports and impacts:-
Increasing productivity
Improving communication
Providing access from anywhere
Reduction of workload
Complete monitoring of students
Cost effectiveness
Easy to use and access
Customer support
Data security
Multi user functionality

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Open Source Software used in Schools
1.To support digital student life:-
Mastodon (To create a safe local school network)
Etherpad (For collaborative notes)
Mahara (To create e-portfolios)
Zotero (To collect sources and insert bibliography)
Klavaro (Touch typing)
2. In the School library:-
Koha & VuFind (library management)
3.For online learning:-
Moodle(face to face classes)
Open edx(for online courses)
4. For administration:-
Open SIS
Open admin (Student Information Management)
Gibbon

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Open Source Software used in Schools
5.For group science student and parent bodies
Loomio (discussion and decision making)
6.In the computer lab
Veyon(to view and manage computers)
7.For digital test:
TC exam and others

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Evaluation of Open Source Software
From discussions evaluators identified categories that are important for
the open source evaluation process they used those categories along
with those found in standard evaluation process document and
condensed them to seven areas for evaluation such as:-
Functionality-how well will the software meet the average users
requirements
Operational software characteristics-how secure is the software
how well does the software perform how well does the software scale to
a large environment how good is the UI how easy to use is the software
for and uses how easy is the software to install configure and maintain
Support and service-how well is the software component supported is
this commercial and community support are there people or
organisation that can provide training and consulting services.

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Evaluation of Open Source Software
Documentation-Is there adequate tutorial and reference
documentation for the software?
Software technology attributes-how well is a software architecture?
how modular portable flexible extensible open and easy to integrate it
or the design code the test of high quality? how complete and error free
are they?
Community and adaptation-how well is the component adopted by
community ,market and industry ?how active and lively is the
community for the software?
Development process-what is the level of the professionalism of the
development process and of the project organisation as a whole
The first four categories are quite similar to those used to evaluate
close it source software also. Open source projects contain extensive
data on the size of the development team and the list of outstanding
issues.In this way, we have to evaluate the Open Source Software.

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Conclusion
In this way we can say that Open Source Software plays very
important role, especially in the field of education. we are all
experienced the use of open source software at the time of Covid
Pandemic and before selling the open source software system, we have
to evaluate Open Source Software.

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Bibliography & References
“A text book of Programmed Instruction” by Chauhan
S S
“Education Technology” by Das R C
www.youtube.com
www.wikipedia.com
www.cambridge.org
www.openaccess.nl