Os f101 2013-10-2

OFFSHORE STANDARD
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
The electronic pdf version of this document found through http://www.dnv.com is the officially binding version
DNV-OS-F101
Submarine Pipeline Systems
OCTOBER 2013

© Det Norske Veritas AS October 2013
Any comments may be sent by e-mail to rules@dnv.com
This service document has been prepared based on available knowledge, technology and/or information at the time of issuance of this document, and is believed to reflect the best of
contemporary technology. The use of this document by others than DNV is at the user's sole risk. DNV does not accept any liability or responsibility for loss or damages resulting from
any use of this document.
FOREWORD
DNV is a global provider of knowledge for managing risk. Today, safe and responsible business conduct is both a license
to operate and a competitive advantage. Our core competence is to identify, assess, and advise on risk management. From
our leading position in certification, classification, verification, and training, we develop and apply standards and best
practices. This helps our customers safely and responsibly improve their business performance. DNV is an independent
organisation with dedicated risk professionals in more than 100 countries, with the purpose of safeguarding life, property
and the environment.
DNV service documents consist of among others the following types of documents:
— Service Specifications. Procedural requirements.
— Standards. Technical requirements.
— Recommended Practices. Guidance.
The Standards and Recommended Practices are offered within the following areas:
A) Qualification, Quality and Safety Methodology
B) Materials Technology
C) Structures
D) Systems
E) Special Facilities
F) Pipelines and Risers
G) Asset Operation
H) Marine Operations
J) Cleaner Energy
O) Subsea Systems
U) Unconventional Oil & Gas

Offshore Standard DNV-OS-F101, October 2013
CHANGES – CURRENT – Page 3
CHANGES – CURRENT
General
This document supersedes DNV-OS-F101, August 2012.
Text affected by the main changes in this edition is highlighted in red colour. However, if the changes involve
a whole chapter, section or sub-section, normally only the title will be in red colour.
Main Changes
• General
— Excessive conservatism related to fracture assessment of girth welds has been removed in Appendix A
leading to:
— relaxation of weld repair requirements
— increased installation speed.
— Other changes:
— reference list updated.
— general update based upon feed-back from industry.
• Sec.4 Design - Loads
— G407: Clarify effect of selecting larger positive tolerances.
• Sec.5 Design – Limit State Criteria
— C402: Minimum wall thickness requirement re-worded to avoid misinterpretations.
— E1100: Pipe-in-pipe and bundles moved from G200.
— Equation 5.6 corrected
— F107: Clarifications on code break.
• Sec.7 Construction – Linepipe
— E104: Implications of reduction in mill test pressure clarified.
— I400: Table 7-26: Amended by adding t = 15 mm step for HFW pipes.
• Sec.10 Construction – Offshore
— J307: Pressure test accuracy requirement modified.
• Appendix A Fracture Limit State of Girth Welds
— General clarifications based on comments from industry.
— The terms 'defect', 'flaw' and 'notch' have been defined.
— The Lr cut-off formula for strain based loading has been amended by adding limit. The Lr cut-off value
shall not exceed 1.5.
— Table A-7 for assessment of surface breaking flaws has been amended.
• Appendix D Non-Destructive Testing (NDT)
— B212: Digital Radiography reference updated to ISO 17636-2.
In addition to the above stated main changes, editorial corrections may have been made.
Editorial Corrections

CHANGES – CURRENT – Page 4
Acknowledgement
The present revision of DNV-OS-F101 is mainly reflecting feed-back from experience by several companies
that are hereby acknowledged.
The comments improved the quality and content of this standard significantly and the effort spent by the
commenting companies is impressive and hereby acknowledged. The commenting companies were (in
alphabetical order):
Allseas Atkins BP
Butting Europipe JFE
McDermott Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Rambøll
Statoil Subsea7 Tata Steel
Technip Total The Welding Institute (TWI)
Welspun Wood Group

Contents – Page 5
CONTENTS
CHANGES – CURRENT ................................................................................................................................................... 3
Sec. 1 General .............................................................................................................................................. 18
A. General.........................................................................................................................................................................18
A 100 Introduction.........................................................................................................................................................18
A 200 Objectives ...........................................................................................................................................................18
A 300 Scope and application .........................................................................................................................................18
A 400 Alternative methods and procedures...................................................................................................................19
A 500 Structure of standard...........................................................................................................................................19
B. References....................................................................................................................................................................20
B 100 Applicability .......................................................................................................................................................20
B 200 Offshore service specifications...........................................................................................................................21
B 300 Offshore standards ..............................................................................................................................................21
B 400 Recommended practices .....................................................................................................................................21
B 500 Rules ...................................................................................................................................................................22
B 600 Certification notes and classification notes.........................................................................................................22
B 700 Other references..................................................................................................................................................22
C. Definitions....................................................................................................................................................................26
C 100 Verbal forms .......................................................................................................................................................26
C 200 Definitions ..........................................................................................................................................................26
C 300 Definitions (continued).......................................................................................................................................30
D. Abbreviations and Symbols........................................................................................................................................34
D 100 Abbreviations......................................................................................................................................................34
D 200 Symbols – latin characters ..................................................................................................................................36
D 300 Symbols – greek characters ................................................................................................................................38
D 400 Subscripts............................................................................................................................................................39
Sec. 2 Safety Philosophy ............................................................................................................................. 40
A. General.........................................................................................................................................................................40
A 100 Objective.............................................................................................................................................................40
A 200 Application..........................................................................................................................................................40
B. Safety Philosophy Structure ......................................................................................................................................40
B 100 General................................................................................................................................................................40
B 200 Safety objective...................................................................................................................................................40
B 300 Systematic review of risks ..................................................................................................................................41
B 400 Design criteria principles....................................................................................................................................42
B 500 Quality assurance................................................................................................................................................42
B 600 Health, safety and environment ..........................................................................................................................42
C. Risk Basis for Design ..................................................................................................................................................42
C 100 General................................................................................................................................................................42
C 200 Categorisation of fluids.......................................................................................................................................42
C 300 Location classes ..................................................................................................................................................43
C 400 Safety classes ......................................................................................................................................................43
C 500 Reliability analysis..............................................................................................................................................44
Sec. 3 Concept and Design Premise Development ................................................................................... 45
A. General.........................................................................................................................................................................45
A 100 Objective.............................................................................................................................................................45
A 200 Application..........................................................................................................................................................45
A 300 Systematic review...............................................................................................................................................45
B. Concept Development.................................................................................................................................................45
B 100 Concept development .........................................................................................................................................45
C. Design Premise ............................................................................................................................................................46
C 100 Hydraulic analyses and flow assurance ..............................................................................................................46
C 200 Environmental condition.....................................................................................................................................47
C 300 Collection of environmental data........................................................................................................................47
C 400 Environmental data.............................................................................................................................................47
C 500 Pipeline route ......................................................................................................................................................47
C 600 Route survey .......................................................................................................................................................48
C 700 Seabed properties................................................................................................................................................49

Contents – Page 6
D. System Design Principles............................................................................................................................................50
D 100 System integrity ..................................................................................................................................................50
D 200 Pipeline control and safety system......................................................................................................................50
D 300 External corrosion control...................................................................................................................................52
D 400 Internal construction conditions..........................................................................................................................52
D 500 Internal corrosion control....................................................................................................................................52
Sec. 4 Design - Loads................................................................................................................................... 53
A. General.........................................................................................................................................................................53
A 100 Objective.............................................................................................................................................................53
A 200 Application..........................................................................................................................................................53
A 400 Load scenarios ....................................................................................................................................................53
A 500 Categorisation of loads .......................................................................................................................................53
A 600 Design load effects..............................................................................................................................................53
B. Functional Loads.........................................................................................................................................................53
B 100 General................................................................................................................................................................53
B 200 Pressure loads .....................................................................................................................................................54
C. Environmental Loads .................................................................................................................................................55
C 100 General................................................................................................................................................................55
C 200 Wind loads ..........................................................................................................................................................55
C 300 Hydrodynamic loads...........................................................................................................................................55
C 400 Ice loads ..............................................................................................................................................................57
C 500 Earthquake ..........................................................................................................................................................57
C 600 Characteristic environmental load effects...........................................................................................................57
D. Construction Loads.....................................................................................................................................................59
D 100 General................................................................................................................................................................59
E. Interference Loads ......................................................................................................................................................60
E 100 General................................................................................................................................................................60
F. Accidental Loads.........................................................................................................................................................60
F 100 General................................................................................................................................................................60
G. Design Load Effects ....................................................................................................................................................60
G 100 General................................................................................................................................................................60
G 200 Characteristic load .............................................................................................................................................60
G 300 Design load effect ...............................................................................................................................................61
G 400 Load effect calculations......................................................................................................................................62
Sec. 5 Design – Limit State Criteria .......................................................................................................... 64
A. General.........................................................................................................................................................................64
A 100 Objective.............................................................................................................................................................64
A 200 Application..........................................................................................................................................................64
B. System Design Requirements.....................................................................................................................................64
B 100 Submarine pipeline system layout ......................................................................................................................64
B 200 Pressure test philosophy and criteria...................................................................................................................66
B 300 Monitoring/inspection during operation .............................................................................................................67
C. Design Format .............................................................................................................................................................68
C 100 General................................................................................................................................................................68
C 200 Design resistance ................................................................................................................................................68
C 300 Characteristic material properties .......................................................................................................................69
C 400 Characteristic wall thickness ..............................................................................................................................71
C 500 Stress and strain calculations ..............................................................................................................................71
D. Limit States..................................................................................................................................................................72
D 100 General................................................................................................................................................................72
D 200 Pressure containment (bursting) .........................................................................................................................73
D 300 Local buckling - general .....................................................................................................................................73
D 400 Local Buckling – external over pressure only (system collapse) .......................................................................74
D 500 Propagation buckling .........................................................................................................................................74
D 600 Local buckling - combined loading criteria........................................................................................................75
D 700 Global buckling ..................................................................................................................................................78
D 800 Fatigue ................................................................................................................................................................78
D 900 Fracture, supplementary requirement P and F and HISC ...................................................................................80
D 1000 Ultimate limit state – accidental loads................................................................................................................81
D 1100 Ovalisation..........................................................................................................................................................81

Contents – Page 7
D 1200 Accumulated deformation...................................................................................................................................82
D 1300 Dent.....................................................................................................................................................................82
E. Special Considerations ...............................................................................................................................................82
E 100 General................................................................................................................................................................82
E 200 Pipe soil interaction ............................................................................................................................................82
E 300 Global buckling...................................................................................................................................................83
E 400 Free spanning pipelines and risers......................................................................................................................83
E 500 On bottom stability .............................................................................................................................................83
E 600 Trawling interference..........................................................................................................................................84
E 700 Third party loads, dropped objects......................................................................................................................85
E 800 Earth quakes........................................................................................................................................................85
E 900 Thermal insulation ..............................................................................................................................................85
E 1000 Settings from plugs .............................................................................................................................................85
E 1100 Pipe-in-pipe and bundles ....................................................................................................................................85
F. Pipeline Components .................................................................................................................................................85
F 100 General................................................................................................................................................................85
F 200 Induction bends...................................................................................................................................................88
F 300 Fittings ................................................................................................................................................................88
F 400 Valves .................................................................................................................................................................89
F 500 Insulating joints...................................................................................................................................................89
F 600 Pig traps ..............................................................................................................................................................89
G. Supporting Structure..................................................................................................................................................89
G 100 General................................................................................................................................................................89
G 200 Riser supports .....................................................................................................................................................90
G 300 J-tubes .................................................................................................................................................................90
G 400 Stability of gravel supports and gravel covers....................................................................................................90
H. Installation and Repair...............................................................................................................................................90
H 100 General................................................................................................................................................................90
H 200 Pipe straightness .................................................................................................................................................91
H 300 Weight coating....................................................................................................................................................91
Sec. 6 Design - Materials Engineering....................................................................................................... 92
A. General.........................................................................................................................................................................92
A 100 Objective.............................................................................................................................................................92
A 200 Application..........................................................................................................................................................92
A 400 Documentation....................................................................................................................................................92
B. Materials Selection for Linepipe and Pipeline Components...................................................................................93
B 100 General................................................................................................................................................................93
B 200 H2S service .........................................................................................................................................................93
B 300 Corrosion resistant alloys (informative) .............................................................................................................93
B 400 Linepipe (informative)........................................................................................................................................94
B 500 Pipeline components (informative).....................................................................................................................95
B 600 Bolts and nuts......................................................................................................................................................95
B 700 Welding consumables (informative)...................................................................................................................96
C. Materials Specification ...............................................................................................................................................96
C 100 General................................................................................................................................................................96
C 200 Linepipe specification.........................................................................................................................................96
C 300 Components specification ..................................................................................................................................97
C 400 Specification of bolts and nuts............................................................................................................................98
C 500 Coating specification ..........................................................................................................................................98
C 600 Galvanic anode specification..............................................................................................................................98
C 700 Concrete coating specification............................................................................................................................98
D. Corrosion Control.......................................................................................................................................................99
D 100 General................................................................................................................................................................99
D 200 Corrosion allowance ...........................................................................................................................................99
D 300 Temporary corrosion protection .........................................................................................................................99
D 400 External pipeline coatings (informative) ..........................................................................................................100
D 500 Cathodic protection...........................................................................................................................................101
D 600 External corrosion control of risers (informative) ............................................................................................102
D 700 Internal corrosion control (informative) ...........................................................................................................103
Sec. 7 Construction – Linepipe ................................................................................................................ 105
A. General.......................................................................................................................................................................105
A 100 Objective...........................................................................................................................................................105

Contents – Page 8
A 200 Application........................................................................................................................................................105
A 300 Systematic review.............................................................................................................................................105
A 400 Process of manufacture.....................................................................................................................................105
A 500 Supplementary requirements ............................................................................................................................106
A 600 Linepipe specification ......................................................................................................................................106
A 700 Manufacturing procedure specification ............................................................................................................106
A 800 Manufacturing procedure qualification test......................................................................................................107
B. Carbon Manganese (C-Mn) Steel Linepipe............................................................................................................108
B 100 General..............................................................................................................................................................108
B 200 Pipe designation ...............................................................................................................................................108
B 300 Manufacturing...................................................................................................................................................108
B 400 Acceptance criteria............................................................................................................................................111
B 500 Inspection..........................................................................................................................................................115
C. Corrosion Resistant Alloy (CRA) Linepipe............................................................................................................118
C 100 General..............................................................................................................................................................118
C 200 Pipe designation................................................................................................................................................118
C 300 Manufacturing...................................................................................................................................................119
C 400 Acceptance criteria............................................................................................................................................119
C 500 Inspection..........................................................................................................................................................120
D. Clad or Lined Steel Linepipe ...................................................................................................................................122
D 100 General..............................................................................................................................................................122
D 200 Pipe designation................................................................................................................................................122
D 300 Manufacturing procedure specification ............................................................................................................122
D 400 Manufacturing ..................................................................................................................................................123
D 500 Acceptance criteria............................................................................................................................................124
D 600 Inspection..........................................................................................................................................................124
E. Hydrostatic Testing...................................................................................................................................................126
E 100 Mill pressure test...............................................................................................................................................126
F. Non-destructive Testing............................................................................................................................................127
F 100 Visual inspection...............................................................................................................................................127
F 200 Non-destructive testing.....................................................................................................................................127
G. Dimensions, Mass and Tolerances...........................................................................................................................128
G 100 General..............................................................................................................................................................128
G 200 Tolerances.........................................................................................................................................................129
G 300 Inspection..........................................................................................................................................................129
H. Marking, Delivery Condition and Documentation ................................................................................................132
H 100 Marking.............................................................................................................................................................132
H 200 Delivery condition ............................................................................................................................................132
H 300 Handling and storage .......................................................................................................................................132
H 400 Documentation, records and certification.........................................................................................................132
I. Supplementary Requirements .................................................................................................................................132
I 100 Supplementary requirement, H2S service (S)...................................................................................................132
I 200 Supplementary requirement, fracture arrest properties (F)...............................................................................135
I 300 Supplementary requirement, linepipe for plastic deformation (P)....................................................................136
I 400 Supplementary requirement, dimensions (D) ...................................................................................................137
I 500 Supplementary requirement, high utilisation (U) .............................................................................................138
Sec. 8 Construction - Components and Pipeline Assemblies ................................................................ 140
A. General.......................................................................................................................................................................140
A 100 Objective...........................................................................................................................................................140
A 200 Application........................................................................................................................................................140
A 400 Quality assurance..............................................................................................................................................140
B. Component Requirements........................................................................................................................................140
B 100 General..............................................................................................................................................................140
B 200 Component specification ..................................................................................................................................141
B 300 Induction bends – additional and modified requirements to ISO 15590-1.......................................................141
B 400 Fittings - additional requirements to ISO 15590-2 ...........................................................................................142
B 500 Flanges and flanged connections - additional requirements to ISO 15590-3...................................................144
B 600 Valves – additional requirements to ISO 14723...............................................................................................145
B 700 Mechanical connectors......................................................................................................................................146
B 800 CP Isolation joints.............................................................................................................................................146
B 900 Anchor flanges..................................................................................................................................................148
B 1000 Buckle- and fracture arrestors...........................................................................................................................148

Contents – Page 9
B 1100 Pig traps ............................................................................................................................................................148
B 1200 Repair clamps and repair couplings..................................................................................................................148
C. Materials ....................................................................................................................................................................148
C 100 General..............................................................................................................................................................148
C 200 C-Mn and low alloy steel forgings and castings...............................................................................................149
C 300 Duplex stainless steel, forgings and castings....................................................................................................149
C 400 Pipe and plate material......................................................................................................................................149
C 500 Bolting materials...............................................................................................................................................149
C 600 H2S service .......................................................................................................................................................150
D. Manufacture ..............................................................................................................................................................150
D 100 Manufacturing procedure specification (MPS) ................................................................................................150
D 200 Forging..............................................................................................................................................................151
D 300 Casting ..............................................................................................................................................................151
D 400 Hot forming.......................................................................................................................................................151
D 500 Heat treatment...................................................................................................................................................152
D 600 Welding.............................................................................................................................................................152
D 700 NDT ..................................................................................................................................................................152
E. Mechanical and Corrosion Testing ........................................................................................................................153
E 100 General testing requirements ............................................................................................................................153
E 200 Acceptance criteria for C-Mn and low alloy steels ..........................................................................................153
E 300 Acceptance criteria for duplex stainless steels..................................................................................................154
F. Pipeline Assemblies...................................................................................................................................................154
F 100 General..............................................................................................................................................................154
F 200 Materials ..........................................................................................................................................................155
F 300 Fabrication procedures, planning and mobilisation..........................................................................................155
F 400 Linepipe temporary storage and transportation ................................................................................................155
F 500 Material receipt, identification and tracking.....................................................................................................156
F 600 Hydrostatic testing ............................................................................................................................................156
F 700 Welding and NDT ............................................................................................................................................156
F 800 Cutting, forming and heat treatment.................................................................................................................157
F 900 Verification of dimensions and weight.............................................................................................................157
F 1000 Corrosion protection and thermal insulation ....................................................................................................157
G. Hydrostatic Testing...................................................................................................................................................157
G 100 Hydrostatic testing ............................................................................................................................................157
G 200 Alternative test pressures..................................................................................................................................158
H. Documentation, Records, Certification and Marking ..........................................................................................158
H 100 General..............................................................................................................................................................158
Sec. 9 Construction - Corrosion Protection and Weight Coating......................................................... 160
A. General.......................................................................................................................................................................160
A 100 Objective...........................................................................................................................................................160
A 200 Application........................................................................................................................................................160
B. External Corrosion Protective Coatings.................................................................................................................160
B 100 General..............................................................................................................................................................160
B 200 Coating materials, surface preparation, coating application and inspection/testing of coating........................161
C. Concrete Weight Coating .........................................................................................................................................161
C 100 General..............................................................................................................................................................161
C 200 Materials ...........................................................................................................................................................162
C 300 Concrete mix.....................................................................................................................................................162
C 400 Coating application...........................................................................................................................................162
C 500 Inspection and testing .......................................................................................................................................163
D. Manufacture of Galvanic Anodes............................................................................................................................163
D 100 Anode manufacture...........................................................................................................................................163
E. Installation of Galvanic Anodes...............................................................................................................................164
E 100 Anode installation.............................................................................................................................................164
Sec. 10 Construction – Offshore ................................................................................................................ 165
A. General.......................................................................................................................................................................165
A 100 Objective...........................................................................................................................................................165
A 200 Application........................................................................................................................................................165
A 400 Installation manual............................................................................................................................................165

Contents – Page 10
B. Pipe assemblies onshore............................................................................................................................................166
B 100 Pipe assemblies onshore ...................................................................................................................................166
C. Pipeline Route, Pre-installation Survey and Preparation .....................................................................................166
C 100 Pre-installation route survey .............................................................................................................................166
C 200 Seabed preparation including shore approaches...............................................................................................166
C 300 Existing pipelines and cables including crossings............................................................................................167
D. Installation Spread ...................................................................................................................................................167
D 100 General..............................................................................................................................................................167
D 200 Vessels ..............................................................................................................................................................167
D 300 Positioning systems ..........................................................................................................................................168
D 400 Anchoring systems, anchor patterns and anchor handling ...............................................................................168
D 500 Dynamic positioning ........................................................................................................................................169
D 600 Cranes and lifting equipment............................................................................................................................170
D 700 Layvessel arrangement, laying equipment and instrumentation.......................................................................170
D 800 Mobilization .....................................................................................................................................................172
D 900 Qualification of vessel and equipment..............................................................................................................172
D 1000 General calibration and testing .........................................................................................................................172
D 1100 Calibration and testing frequency.....................................................................................................................173
E. Welding and Non-destructive Testing.....................................................................................................................173
E 100 General..............................................................................................................................................................173
E 200 Welding.............................................................................................................................................................173
E 300 Non-destructive testing.....................................................................................................................................174
F. Pipeline Installation ..................................................................................................................................................174
F 100 General..............................................................................................................................................................174
F 200 Additional requirements for installation method S-Lay ...................................................................................176
F 300 Additional requirements for installation method J-Lay....................................................................................176
F 400 Additional requirements for installation methods introducing significant plastic strains ................................176
F 500 Towing..............................................................................................................................................................176
F 600 J-tube pull-in of risers.......................................................................................................................................176
F 700 Shore pull .........................................................................................................................................................177
F 800 Buckle detection ...............................................................................................................................................177
F 900 Operating limit conditions ................................................................................................................................178
F 1000 Spools and other in-line assemblies installed separately from pipeline ..........................................................178
G. Post-lay Survey..........................................................................................................................................................178
G 100 General..............................................................................................................................................................178
G 200 Survey requirements .........................................................................................................................................179
G 300 Survey of corrosion protection systems............................................................................................................179
H. Post-lay intervention (Seabed intervention and Pipeline Protection) ..................................................................180
H 100 General..............................................................................................................................................................180
H 200 Span rectification and protection specification.................................................................................................180
H 300 Free span rectification.......................................................................................................................................180
H 400 Trenching..........................................................................................................................................................180
H 500 Post-installation gravel installation...................................................................................................................181
H 600 Grout bags and concrete mattresses..................................................................................................................181
I. Tie-in ..........................................................................................................................................................................181
I 100 General..............................................................................................................................................................181
I 200 Tie-in operations above water...........................................................................................................................182
I 300 Tie-in operations below water ..........................................................................................................................182
J. Pre-commissioning....................................................................................................................................................182
J 100 General..............................................................................................................................................................182
J 200 Waterfilling, cleaning and gauging...................................................................................................................182
J 300 System pressure testing.....................................................................................................................................183
J 400 De-watering and drying ....................................................................................................................................185
J 500 Systems testing .................................................................................................................................................185
K. Documentation ..........................................................................................................................................................185
K 100 General..............................................................................................................................................................185
L. Installation manual ...................................................................................................................................................185
L 100 Installation manual............................................................................................................................................185
L 200 Installation procedures......................................................................................................................................187
L 300 Pre-commissioning procedures.........................................................................................................................187
L 400 Contingency procedures....................................................................................................................................187

Sec. 11 Operations and Abandonment...................................................................................................... 189
A. General.......................................................................................................................................................................189
A 100 Objective...........................................................................................................................................................189
A 200 Scope and application .......................................................................................................................................189
A 300 Systematic review of risks ................................................................................................................................189
A 400 Responsibilities.................................................................................................................................................189
A 500 Authority and pipeline operator requirements..................................................................................................190
A 600 Safety philosophy .............................................................................................................................................190
B. Commissioning ..........................................................................................................................................................190
B 100 General..............................................................................................................................................................190
B 200 Fluid filling .......................................................................................................................................................190
B 300 Operational verification ....................................................................................................................................190
C. Integrity Management System.................................................................................................................................191
C 100 General..............................................................................................................................................................191
C 200 Pipeline operator policy....................................................................................................................................191
C 300 Organisation and personnel...............................................................................................................................191
C 400 Management of change.....................................................................................................................................191
C 500 Operational controls and procedures ................................................................................................................191
C 600 Contingency plans.............................................................................................................................................192
C 700 Reporting and communication..........................................................................................................................192
C 800 Audit and review...............................................................................................................................................192
C 900 Information management..................................................................................................................................192
D. Integrity Management Process ................................................................................................................................192
D 100 General..............................................................................................................................................................192
D 200 Risk assessment and integrity management planning - evaluation of threats and condition............................193
D 300 Inspection, monitoring and testing....................................................................................................................193
D 400 Integrity assessment..........................................................................................................................................196
D 500 Mitigation, intervention and repairs..................................................................................................................196
E. Re-qualification .........................................................................................................................................................197
E 100 General..............................................................................................................................................................197
E 200 Application........................................................................................................................................................198
E 300 Safety level .......................................................................................................................................................198
E 400 System pressure test..........................................................................................................................................198
E 500 Deterioration .....................................................................................................................................................198
E 600 Design criteria...................................................................................................................................................199
F. De-commissioning .....................................................................................................................................................199
F 100 General..............................................................................................................................................................199
G. Abandonment ............................................................................................................................................................199
G 100 General..............................................................................................................................................................199
Sec. 12 Documentation................................................................................................................................ 200
A. General.......................................................................................................................................................................200
A 100 Objective...........................................................................................................................................................200
B. Design .........................................................................................................................................................................200
B 100 Structural...........................................................................................................................................................200
B 200 Linepipe and pipeline components (including welding)...................................................................................201
B 300 Corrosion control systems and weight coating.................................................................................................201
B 400 Installation ........................................................................................................................................................201
B 500 Operation ..........................................................................................................................................................201
B 600 DFI-Resumé......................................................................................................................................................202
C. Construction - Manufacturing and Fabrication ....................................................................................................202
C 100 Linepipe and pipeline component.....................................................................................................................202
C 200 Corrosion control system and weight coating ..................................................................................................202
C 300 DFI-resumé .......................................................................................................................................................203
D. Construction - Installation and Pre-Commissioning .............................................................................................203
D 100 General..............................................................................................................................................................203
D 200 DFI-Resumé......................................................................................................................................................203
E. Operation - Commissioning .....................................................................................................................................203
E 100 General..............................................................................................................................................................203
F. Operation ...................................................................................................................................................................204
F 100 General..............................................................................................................................................................204
F 200 In-Service file....................................................................................................................................................204

G. Abandonment ............................................................................................................................................................204
G 100 General..............................................................................................................................................................204
H. DFI Resumé ...............................................................................................................................................................204
H 100 General..............................................................................................................................................................204
H 200 DFI resumé content...........................................................................................................................................205
I. Filing of Documentation ...........................................................................................................................................206
I 100 General..............................................................................................................................................................206
Sec. 13 Commentary (Informative) ........................................................................................................... 207
A. General.......................................................................................................................................................................207
A 100 Objective...........................................................................................................................................................207
B. Safety and Design Philosophy ..................................................................................................................................207
B 100 Safety class discussion......................................................................................................................................207
B 200 Structural reliability analyses............................................................................................................................207
B 300 Characteristic values.........................................................................................................................................208
C. Loads ..........................................................................................................................................................................208
C 100 Conversion of pressures....................................................................................................................................208
D. Design Criteria ..........................................................................................................................................................208
D 100 General..............................................................................................................................................................208
D 200 Condition load effect factors.............................................................................................................................209
D 300 Calculation of nominal thickness......................................................................................................................209
D 400 Pressure containment - equivalent format.........................................................................................................209
D 500 Pressure containment criterion, design pressure less than 10% below the incidental pressure........................210
D 600 HIPPS and similar systems...............................................................................................................................210
D 700 Local buckling - collapse..................................................................................................................................211
D 800 Buckle arrestor..................................................................................................................................................212
D 900 Local buckling - moment..................................................................................................................................212
D 1000 Local buckling - girth weld factor ....................................................................................................................212
D 1100 Ovalisation........................................................................................................................................................212
E. API Material Grades ................................................................................................................................................213
E 100 API material grades...........................................................................................................................................213
F. Pipe-in-pipe and bundles..........................................................................................................................................213
F 100 Pipe-in-pipe and bundles – general ..................................................................................................................213
F 200 Design load effects and design limit states.......................................................................................................213
F 300 Construction – manufacture .............................................................................................................................214
F 400 Construction – offshore ....................................................................................................................................214
F 500 Operation ..........................................................................................................................................................214
G. Installation .................................................................................................................................................................215
G 100 Safety class definition.......................................................................................................................................215
G 200 Coating..............................................................................................................................................................215
G 300 Simplified laying criteria ..................................................................................................................................215
H. References..................................................................................................................................................................216
App. A Fracture Limit State of Girth Welds............................................................................................ 217
A. General.......................................................................................................................................................................217
A 100 Introduction.......................................................................................................................................................217
A 200 Objective...........................................................................................................................................................218
A 300 Application........................................................................................................................................................218
A 400 Fracture toughness ...........................................................................................................................................218
A 500 References.........................................................................................................................................................219
B. Assessment Categories..............................................................................................................................................219
B 100 General..............................................................................................................................................................219
C. Generic ECA for Girth Welds subjected to Strains Less than 2.25% Assessed According to ECA Static......221
C 100 General..............................................................................................................................................................221
D. Girth Welds under Strain-based Loading Assessed According to ECA Static - Full.........................................225
D 100 General..............................................................................................................................................................225
D 200 Assessment methodology .................................................................................................................................227
E. Use of Finite Element (FE) Fracture Mechanics Analyses to Assess Maximum Allowable Flaw Sizes............232
E 100 General..............................................................................................................................................................232
E 200 FE model...........................................................................................................................................................233

F. Girth Welds Assessed According to ECA Fatigue .................................................................................................233
F 100 General..............................................................................................................................................................233
F 200 Low-cycle fatigue .............................................................................................................................................235
G. Testing Requirements...............................................................................................................................................235
G 100 General..............................................................................................................................................................235
G 200 Straining and ageing .........................................................................................................................................236
H. ECA Validation Testing............................................................................................................................................238
H 100 General..............................................................................................................................................................238
App. B Mechanical Testing and Corrosion Testing................................................................................. 239
A. General.......................................................................................................................................................................239
A 100 Objective...........................................................................................................................................................239
A 200 Applicability .....................................................................................................................................................239
A 300 References.........................................................................................................................................................239
B. Mechanical Testing and Chemical Analysis ..........................................................................................................240
B 100 General requirements to selection and preparation of samples and test pieces................................................240
B 200 Chemical analysis .............................................................................................................................................240
B 300 Tensile testing...................................................................................................................................................240
B 400 Charpy V-notch impact testing.........................................................................................................................242
B 500 Bend testing ......................................................................................................................................................242
B 600 Flattening test....................................................................................................................................................243
B 700 Drop weight tear test.........................................................................................................................................243
B 800 Fracture toughness testing ................................................................................................................................244
B 900 Specific tests for clad and lined linepipe ..........................................................................................................246
B 1000 Metallographic examination and hardness testing............................................................................................246
B 1100 Straining and ageing .........................................................................................................................................247
B 1200 Testing of pin brazings and aluminothermic welds..........................................................................................247
C. Corrosion Testing......................................................................................................................................................248
C 100 General..............................................................................................................................................................248
C 200 Pitting corrosion test .........................................................................................................................................248
C 300 Hydrogen induced cracking test........................................................................................................................248
C 400 Sulphide stress cracking test.............................................................................................................................248
App. C Welding ........................................................................................................................................... 254
A. General.......................................................................................................................................................................254
A 100 Objective...........................................................................................................................................................254
A 200 Application........................................................................................................................................................254
A 300 Definitions ........................................................................................................................................................254
B. Welding Equipment, Tools and Personnel .............................................................................................................255
B 100 Welding equipment and tools ...........................................................................................................................255
B 200 Personnel...........................................................................................................................................................255
B 300 Qualification and testing of welding personnel for hyperbaric dry welding ...................................................256
C. Welding Consumables ..............................................................................................................................................256
C 100 General..............................................................................................................................................................256
C 200 Chemical composition ......................................................................................................................................257
C 300 Mechanical properties.......................................................................................................................................257
C 400 Batch testing of welding consumables for pipeline girth welds .......................................................................258
C 500 Shielding, backing and plasma gases................................................................................................................259
C 600 Handling and storage of welding consumables ................................................................................................259
D. Welding Procedures..................................................................................................................................................259
D 100 General..............................................................................................................................................................259
D 200 Previously qualified welding procedures..........................................................................................................259
D 300 Preliminary welding procedure specification ...................................................................................................260
D 400 Welding procedure qualification record ...........................................................................................................260
D 500 Welding procedure specification ......................................................................................................................260
D 600 Welding procedure specification for repair welding ........................................................................................260
D 700 Contents of pWPS ............................................................................................................................................260
D 800 Essential variables for welding procedures ......................................................................................................261
E. Qualification of Welding Procedures ......................................................................................................................265
E 100 General..............................................................................................................................................................265
E 200 Repair welding procedures ...............................................................................................................................266
E 300 Qualification of girth butt welds and component longitudinal welds welding procedures .............................267
E 400 Qualification of welding procedures for corrosion resistant overlay welding..................................................268

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