Orthographic projection
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This document discusses isometric perspective and third angle orthographic projection as methods for representing 3D objects in 2D. It explains that orthographic projection uses multiple 2D views, generally three standard views, arranged according to third angle projection to accurately depict a 3D object. It also notes that while third angle projection is used internationally, the US and Australia arrange the views differently.
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Engineering graphics
Orthographic projection is a method of representing a 3D object in 2D using multiple views, and is the international language of engineers and designers. It uses top, front and side views, and each projection method has its own symbol - first angle projection shows shadows behind the object, while third angle projection shows shadows in front. Examples are provided to demonstrate orthographic projection.
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The document discusses orthographic projection drawings which are a collection of 2D drawings that accurately represent an object. It describes the six principle views used in orthographic projection including front, right side, top, bottom, left side, and rear views. The document also explains rules for orthographic drawings including choosing a front view and common view combinations. Additionally, it outlines the glass box technique, different line types, steps for creating orthographic projection drawings, and guidelines for spacing views.
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The document discusses isometric projections and isometric drawing. It begins by explaining the limitations of orthographic views and how isometric projections show all three dimensions of an object in a single view. It then defines the principles and types of projection, including orthographic, pictorial, axonometric, isometric, dimetric and trimetric. The remainder of the document focuses specifically on isometric projection, defining isometric axes, lines, planes and drawings. It provides examples of how to construct isometric views of various objects from their orthographic projections.
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Orthographic projection is a method of representing a 3D object in 2D using multiple views, and is the international language of engineers and designers. It uses top, front and side views, and each projection method has its own symbol - first angle projection shows shadows behind the object, while third angle projection shows shadows in front. Examples are provided to demonstrate orthographic projection.
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The document discusses refrigeration systems used in aircraft. It describes several types of air refrigeration systems:
1) Simple systems use compressed air cooled by a turbine-driven fan for ground cooling.
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3) Regenerative systems further cool air in a secondary heat exchanger using bled refrigerated air.
4) Reduced ambient systems use two turbines, one for cabin air and one for cooling air, driven by a single fan to cool air below ambient temperatures for supersonic aircraft.
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- Curves of intersection show the exact and maximum surface contact between two intersecting solids. They are important when objects need to be joined together with strong, leak-proof joints.
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