Here are the 3 priorities for assessment of this patient:
1. Pain level - As an open fracture, this injury is undoubtedly very painful. Establishing the patient's baseline pain level and intervening appropriately is the highest priority.
2. Bleeding/wound status - As an open fracture, controlling any bleeding from the wound and assessing the extent of the injury is the second priority.
3. Neurovascular status - Assessing circulation, sensation and motor function below the injury is third to identify any potential complications requiring urgent intervention.
The rational for this order is: 1) addressing the patient's severe pain, 2) controlling any active bleeding/assessing the wound, then 3) identifying neurovascular compromise which,
This document describes fractures, including their classification, healing process, treatment methods, and potential complications. Fractures are breaks in bone continuity that can be open or closed. Treatment involves reduction, immobilization with casts or devices, and monitoring for complications like infection, compartment syndrome, blood clots, and fat embolism syndrome. Fracture healing is a multi-stage process of hematoma formation, new tissue growth, callus formation, bone consolidation and remodeling over several weeks or months.
This document discusses fractures, including their signs, risk factors, diagnostic tests, and treatment methods. It provides information on:
1. The signs and symptoms of fractures such as pain, swelling, deformity, and loss of movement near the injury site.
2. Risk factors for fractures like age, smoking, malnutrition, and lack of exercise.
3. Diagnostic tests used to identify and characterize fractures, including x-rays, CT/MRI scans, and blood tests.
4. Treatment approaches like closed reduction, traction, casting, internal/external fixation, and exercise/bracing. Post-treatment nursing responsibilities like wound care, pain management, and rehabilitation are also addressed.
This slide includes general principles of fracture management. This is just a basic idea. I have tried to include figures as well as videos. But unfortunately videos wont play here.
The document provides information about a seminar on fractures presented by Ms. Durga Joshi. It defines a fracture as a break in the bone's continuity. It then lists the objectives of the seminar which are to define fracture, discuss causes and types, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and medical and nursing management. It proceeds to define types of fractures such as complete, incomplete, closed, and open fractures. It also discusses classification, causes, and complications of fractures as well as diagnosis, management including splinting and traction, and nursing care of patients with fractures.
1) Bones provide structure and protection for the body while allowing movement at joints.
2) Fractures can be caused by direct or indirect forces and result in complete or incomplete breaks in the bone.
3) Clinical features of a fracture include pain, deformity, loss of function, and crepitus while diagnostic measures include x-rays.
management priorities in high energy trauma
Define the terms of fracture, dislocation and Subluxation
Identify the clinical and radiological pictures of fractures
Classify the different types of fractures
general principles of fracture management
Principles of open fracture management
This document provides guidelines for nursing staff on the care of patients using traction. It defines traction and its various types and purposes. The guidelines outline responsibilities and provide direction on pain management, risk assessment and prevention of complications like skin breakdown, infection and deep vein thrombosis. Nursing interventions are focused on patient education, monitoring traction equipment, pin site care, pressure area prevention and exercise/mobility encouragement.
This document describes fractures, including their classification, healing process, treatment methods, and potential complications. Fractures are breaks in bone continuity that can be open or closed. Treatment involves reduction, immobilization with casts or devices, and monitoring for complications like infection, compartment syndrome, blood clots, and fat embolism syndrome. Fracture healing is a multi-stage process of hematoma formation, new tissue growth, callus formation, bone consolidation and remodeling over several weeks or months.
This document discusses fractures, including their signs, risk factors, diagnostic tests, and treatment methods. It provides information on:
1. The signs and symptoms of fractures such as pain, swelling, deformity, and loss of movement near the injury site.
2. Risk factors for fractures like age, smoking, malnutrition, and lack of exercise.
3. Diagnostic tests used to identify and characterize fractures, including x-rays, CT/MRI scans, and blood tests.
4. Treatment approaches like closed reduction, traction, casting, internal/external fixation, and exercise/bracing. Post-treatment nursing responsibilities like wound care, pain management, and rehabilitation are also addressed.
This slide includes general principles of fracture management. This is just a basic idea. I have tried to include figures as well as videos. But unfortunately videos wont play here.
The document provides information about a seminar on fractures presented by Ms. Durga Joshi. It defines a fracture as a break in the bone's continuity. It then lists the objectives of the seminar which are to define fracture, discuss causes and types, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and medical and nursing management. It proceeds to define types of fractures such as complete, incomplete, closed, and open fractures. It also discusses classification, causes, and complications of fractures as well as diagnosis, management including splinting and traction, and nursing care of patients with fractures.
1) Bones provide structure and protection for the body while allowing movement at joints.
2) Fractures can be caused by direct or indirect forces and result in complete or incomplete breaks in the bone.
3) Clinical features of a fracture include pain, deformity, loss of function, and crepitus while diagnostic measures include x-rays.
management priorities in high energy trauma
Define the terms of fracture, dislocation and Subluxation
Identify the clinical and radiological pictures of fractures
Classify the different types of fractures
general principles of fracture management
Principles of open fracture management
This document provides guidelines for nursing staff on the care of patients using traction. It defines traction and its various types and purposes. The guidelines outline responsibilities and provide direction on pain management, risk assessment and prevention of complications like skin breakdown, infection and deep vein thrombosis. Nursing interventions are focused on patient education, monitoring traction equipment, pin site care, pressure area prevention and exercise/mobility encouragement.
Contusions, strains, and sprains are soft tissue injuries caused by blunt force, overuse, or twisting motions. Contusions involve bleeding into the injured tissue from ruptured blood vessels. Strains are microscopic muscle tears, while sprains damage ligaments around a joint. Symptoms include pain, swelling, bruising, and limited range of motion. Treatment focuses on RICE - rest, ice, compression, and elevation to reduce swelling along with analgesics and immobilization if severe. Patients are educated on proper care, gradual return to activity, and avoiding reinjury.
A fracture is a break or disruption in the continuity of bone caused by trauma or disease. Fractures are classified based on type, communication with the external environment, and anatomic location. Treatment involves emergency care like splinting, definitive care like closed or open reduction and immobilization with casting or internal fixation, and rehabilitation. Complications can be systemic like shock or local like injury to surrounding tissues or joints. Proper management of fractures aims to restore function and alignment of the injured bone.
Principles and conservative treatment of fractures.2560Ukris Ortho
This document provides information about fracture classification and treatment. It discusses describing fractures based on anatomy seen on radiographs. Key details include location of the fracture line, bone condition, and deformities. Treatment may involve conservative methods like traction, casting, or bracing to immobilize the fracture for healing. The goal is healing the fracture in proper anatomical position while allowing function.
This document provides information on fractures, including definitions, types, patterns, causes, clinical manifestations, diagnostic evaluation, management, and nursing care. It defines a fracture as a break in the continuity of bone. The objectives are to introduce fractures, explain causes such as direct blows or muscle contractions, and describe types including complete, incomplete, closed and open. Patterns like transverse, oblique, and comminuted are also outlined. Clinical signs involve pain, swelling and deformity. Management includes reduction, immobilization with casting or fixation devices, and exercises. Complications can be early like fat embolism or delayed like nonunion. Nursing care focuses on pain management, range of motion, hygiene, nutrition, and mobility assistance
This seminar discusses fractures, including their definition, causes, classification, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, complications, and medical and nursing management. Fractures are breaks in bone continuity and can be caused by direct blows, twisting motions, or muscle contractions. They are classified based on their relationship to the environment (closed vs open), degree of displacement, fracture pattern (transverse, oblique, etc.), and etiology (traumatic vs pathological). Treatment involves reduction, immobilization using devices like casts, splints, or traction, and restoring function through exercises. Nursing care focuses on pain management, preventing complications like infection or neurovascular issues, and promoting mobility and independence.
At the end of this session the students will be able to:
define fracture
classify fracture
list out the causes of fracture
explain the clinical features of fracture
specify the diagnostic studies for identification of fracture
elaborate the process of fracture healing
explain the management of fracture
describe various approaches of treatment of fracture
discuss the nursing management for fracture
enlist the complications
Orthopedic surgery involves various procedures to repair bones and joints, from open reduction of fractures to joint replacement and amputation. Preoperative management focuses on optimizing patient health through nutrition, hydration, and infection control. Postoperative care monitors for complications like bleeding and swelling while preventing issues from immobility through careful nursing interventions.
This document discusses the management of fractures. It covers the RICE principle for initial treatment, diagnostic studies used to evaluate fractures, and nursing responsibilities. Surgical and non-surgical treatment options are outlined, including closed and open reduction, traction, casting, bracing, and internal or external fixation. Complications of fractures like infection, non-union, and implant failure are also reviewed. The management of open fractures, including irrigation, debridement, wound closure, stabilization, and aftercare is described. General complications and nursing responsibilities in fracture care are mentioned.
A fracture is a disruption or discontinuity in bone. Fractures can be classified based on type, communication with the external environment, and anatomic location. Common types include avulsion fractures caused by pulling of tendons/ligaments, comminuted fractures with multiple fragments, displaced fractures with overriding fragments, and greenstick fractures with incomplete bending of one bone side. Clinical manifestations include pain, tenderness, decreased function, swelling, deformity, and loss of function. Fracture healing involves hematoma formation, granulation tissue growth, callus formation, ossification, consolidation, and remodeling. Diagnostic evaluation includes history, physical exam, x-rays, CT scans, and MRIs. Treatment involves closed or open
Unfortunately I do not have enough context to answer your questions. The document provided is an outline on the treatment of closed and open fractures. It does not contain information to answer the specific questions you have listed.
The document discusses fractures, including their definition, incidence, risk factors, pathophysiology, healing process, clinical manifestations, classification, diagnostic evaluation, and management. Fractures are breaks in bone continuity that can be caused by trauma or weakened bone. Evaluation involves history, exam, and imaging like x-rays. Treatment focuses on reduction, immobilization, and rehabilitation to heal the fracture and restore function.
Fractures are breaks in the continuity of bone that are usually caused by trauma. They are described and classified based on their type, communication with the external environment, and anatomic location. The goals of treatment are to realign bone fragments through reduction, immobilize the bones to maintain alignment through fixation methods like casting, and restore normal function. Complications can include infection, compartment syndrome, venous thrombosis, fat embolism syndrome, malunion, non-union, osteomyelitis, avascular necrosis, and shortening.
The document provides an overview of fractures including:
1. It defines fractures, lists common causes like direct blows or twisting motions, and describes types such as open, closed, linear or oblique fractures.
2. The pathophysiology of fractures is discussed, including destruction of blood vessels and tissues, bleeding, hematoma formation, and the inflammatory response.
3. Clinical manifestations like swelling, discoloration, pain, and loss of function are outlined. Medical and nursing management including reduction, immobilization, pain management, and monitoring for complications is also covered.
Chapter 14 Bone, Joint, and Muscle Injuriesjgmedina1
Bone, joint, and muscle injuries are common. There are several types of bone fractures including closed (intact skin) and open (broken skin). Joint injuries include dislocations where the bone ends are no longer in contact. Muscle injuries include strains from overstretching and contusions from blows. For all injuries, circulation, sensation, and movement should be checked. RICE procedures (rest, ice, compression, and elevation) and splinting injured areas can help reduce pain and swelling while seeking medical care.
This document discusses muscle strains and ligament sprains. It describes the different types and grades of muscle strains, from minor strains involving a small number of fibers to complete tears of the muscle. The healing process for muscle injuries is described in two phases - initial destruction and injury followed by repair and regeneration. Treatment recommendations include RICE initially, followed by early mobilization and exercise like isometrics and stretching within the limits of pain.
The document discusses different types and grades of sprains and strains. A sprain is a ligament injury caused by stretching or tearing from abnormal joint position. Ankle sprains are most common. Strains injure muscles or tendons. Back strains are most common. Grades range from minor fiber damage (Grade I) to complete rupture (Grade III). Treatment follows the PRICE protocol with rest, ice, compression and elevation. A three-stage recovery process focuses on PRICE, exercises and sports reintroduction. Recovery time depends on severity, from 3-6 weeks for mild to 8-12 months for severe injuries.
1) A fracture is a break in the continuity of bone caused by stress greater than the bone can withstand. This can damage surrounding soft tissues and organs.
2) Fractures are caused by direct blows, crushing forces, twisting motions, or muscle contractions. Types include simple, compound, impacted, and stress fractures.
3) Treatment involves reducing the fracture by aligning bone fragments, immobilizing the area, and rehabilitation to regain function and strength. Complications can include infection, delayed healing, or nonunion if not properly treated.
If you are a Nurse and are thinking of coming to the United Kingdom to work in the private&public sector,care homes, nursing homes, private hospitals, public hospitals, NHS, and start a career, we help you to relocate to UK.
A sign is an objective indicator of disease that can be observed by others, while a symptom is subjective and can only be observed by the patient. Diagnosis is identifying the disease, while acute diseases have a rapid onset and short duration and chronic diseases have a slow onset and long duration. A syndrome describes a set of signs and symptoms that occur together, and prognosis predicts the likely course and outcome of a disorder.
Contusions, strains, and sprains are soft tissue injuries caused by blunt force, overuse, or twisting motions. Contusions involve bleeding into the injured tissue from ruptured blood vessels. Strains are microscopic muscle tears, while sprains damage ligaments around a joint. Symptoms include pain, swelling, bruising, and limited range of motion. Treatment focuses on RICE - rest, ice, compression, and elevation to reduce swelling along with analgesics and immobilization if severe. Patients are educated on proper care, gradual return to activity, and avoiding reinjury.
A fracture is a break or disruption in the continuity of bone caused by trauma or disease. Fractures are classified based on type, communication with the external environment, and anatomic location. Treatment involves emergency care like splinting, definitive care like closed or open reduction and immobilization with casting or internal fixation, and rehabilitation. Complications can be systemic like shock or local like injury to surrounding tissues or joints. Proper management of fractures aims to restore function and alignment of the injured bone.
Principles and conservative treatment of fractures.2560Ukris Ortho
This document provides information about fracture classification and treatment. It discusses describing fractures based on anatomy seen on radiographs. Key details include location of the fracture line, bone condition, and deformities. Treatment may involve conservative methods like traction, casting, or bracing to immobilize the fracture for healing. The goal is healing the fracture in proper anatomical position while allowing function.
This document provides information on fractures, including definitions, types, patterns, causes, clinical manifestations, diagnostic evaluation, management, and nursing care. It defines a fracture as a break in the continuity of bone. The objectives are to introduce fractures, explain causes such as direct blows or muscle contractions, and describe types including complete, incomplete, closed and open. Patterns like transverse, oblique, and comminuted are also outlined. Clinical signs involve pain, swelling and deformity. Management includes reduction, immobilization with casting or fixation devices, and exercises. Complications can be early like fat embolism or delayed like nonunion. Nursing care focuses on pain management, range of motion, hygiene, nutrition, and mobility assistance
This seminar discusses fractures, including their definition, causes, classification, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, complications, and medical and nursing management. Fractures are breaks in bone continuity and can be caused by direct blows, twisting motions, or muscle contractions. They are classified based on their relationship to the environment (closed vs open), degree of displacement, fracture pattern (transverse, oblique, etc.), and etiology (traumatic vs pathological). Treatment involves reduction, immobilization using devices like casts, splints, or traction, and restoring function through exercises. Nursing care focuses on pain management, preventing complications like infection or neurovascular issues, and promoting mobility and independence.
At the end of this session the students will be able to:
define fracture
classify fracture
list out the causes of fracture
explain the clinical features of fracture
specify the diagnostic studies for identification of fracture
elaborate the process of fracture healing
explain the management of fracture
describe various approaches of treatment of fracture
discuss the nursing management for fracture
enlist the complications
Orthopedic surgery involves various procedures to repair bones and joints, from open reduction of fractures to joint replacement and amputation. Preoperative management focuses on optimizing patient health through nutrition, hydration, and infection control. Postoperative care monitors for complications like bleeding and swelling while preventing issues from immobility through careful nursing interventions.
This document discusses the management of fractures. It covers the RICE principle for initial treatment, diagnostic studies used to evaluate fractures, and nursing responsibilities. Surgical and non-surgical treatment options are outlined, including closed and open reduction, traction, casting, bracing, and internal or external fixation. Complications of fractures like infection, non-union, and implant failure are also reviewed. The management of open fractures, including irrigation, debridement, wound closure, stabilization, and aftercare is described. General complications and nursing responsibilities in fracture care are mentioned.
A fracture is a disruption or discontinuity in bone. Fractures can be classified based on type, communication with the external environment, and anatomic location. Common types include avulsion fractures caused by pulling of tendons/ligaments, comminuted fractures with multiple fragments, displaced fractures with overriding fragments, and greenstick fractures with incomplete bending of one bone side. Clinical manifestations include pain, tenderness, decreased function, swelling, deformity, and loss of function. Fracture healing involves hematoma formation, granulation tissue growth, callus formation, ossification, consolidation, and remodeling. Diagnostic evaluation includes history, physical exam, x-rays, CT scans, and MRIs. Treatment involves closed or open
Unfortunately I do not have enough context to answer your questions. The document provided is an outline on the treatment of closed and open fractures. It does not contain information to answer the specific questions you have listed.
The document discusses fractures, including their definition, incidence, risk factors, pathophysiology, healing process, clinical manifestations, classification, diagnostic evaluation, and management. Fractures are breaks in bone continuity that can be caused by trauma or weakened bone. Evaluation involves history, exam, and imaging like x-rays. Treatment focuses on reduction, immobilization, and rehabilitation to heal the fracture and restore function.
Fractures are breaks in the continuity of bone that are usually caused by trauma. They are described and classified based on their type, communication with the external environment, and anatomic location. The goals of treatment are to realign bone fragments through reduction, immobilize the bones to maintain alignment through fixation methods like casting, and restore normal function. Complications can include infection, compartment syndrome, venous thrombosis, fat embolism syndrome, malunion, non-union, osteomyelitis, avascular necrosis, and shortening.
The document provides an overview of fractures including:
1. It defines fractures, lists common causes like direct blows or twisting motions, and describes types such as open, closed, linear or oblique fractures.
2. The pathophysiology of fractures is discussed, including destruction of blood vessels and tissues, bleeding, hematoma formation, and the inflammatory response.
3. Clinical manifestations like swelling, discoloration, pain, and loss of function are outlined. Medical and nursing management including reduction, immobilization, pain management, and monitoring for complications is also covered.
Chapter 14 Bone, Joint, and Muscle Injuriesjgmedina1
Bone, joint, and muscle injuries are common. There are several types of bone fractures including closed (intact skin) and open (broken skin). Joint injuries include dislocations where the bone ends are no longer in contact. Muscle injuries include strains from overstretching and contusions from blows. For all injuries, circulation, sensation, and movement should be checked. RICE procedures (rest, ice, compression, and elevation) and splinting injured areas can help reduce pain and swelling while seeking medical care.
This document discusses muscle strains and ligament sprains. It describes the different types and grades of muscle strains, from minor strains involving a small number of fibers to complete tears of the muscle. The healing process for muscle injuries is described in two phases - initial destruction and injury followed by repair and regeneration. Treatment recommendations include RICE initially, followed by early mobilization and exercise like isometrics and stretching within the limits of pain.
The document discusses different types and grades of sprains and strains. A sprain is a ligament injury caused by stretching or tearing from abnormal joint position. Ankle sprains are most common. Strains injure muscles or tendons. Back strains are most common. Grades range from minor fiber damage (Grade I) to complete rupture (Grade III). Treatment follows the PRICE protocol with rest, ice, compression and elevation. A three-stage recovery process focuses on PRICE, exercises and sports reintroduction. Recovery time depends on severity, from 3-6 weeks for mild to 8-12 months for severe injuries.
1) A fracture is a break in the continuity of bone caused by stress greater than the bone can withstand. This can damage surrounding soft tissues and organs.
2) Fractures are caused by direct blows, crushing forces, twisting motions, or muscle contractions. Types include simple, compound, impacted, and stress fractures.
3) Treatment involves reducing the fracture by aligning bone fragments, immobilizing the area, and rehabilitation to regain function and strength. Complications can include infection, delayed healing, or nonunion if not properly treated.
If you are a Nurse and are thinking of coming to the United Kingdom to work in the private&public sector,care homes, nursing homes, private hospitals, public hospitals, NHS, and start a career, we help you to relocate to UK.
A sign is an objective indicator of disease that can be observed by others, while a symptom is subjective and can only be observed by the patient. Diagnosis is identifying the disease, while acute diseases have a rapid onset and short duration and chronic diseases have a slow onset and long duration. A syndrome describes a set of signs and symptoms that occur together, and prognosis predicts the likely course and outcome of a disorder.
This document summarizes information from an Irish Hip Fracture Database (IHFD) audit report. It notes that over 50% of major traumas in Ireland result from falls under 2 meters. The elderly population is increasing significantly, putting more at risk for falls and fractures. The IHFD aims to optimize care for hip fracture patients through audits of hospitals. The 2015 audit found improvements were needed in meeting blue book standards for surgery time, assessments, and post-fracture care. Overall, the audit identified opportunities to strengthen fall prevention programs and bone health services to reduce fractures and improve outcomes for elderly patients.
1) About one-fifth of Janet Dupree's monthly Social Security payment was being withheld to repay her $15,000 in outstanding student loans from the 1970s.
2) An estimated 2 million Americans age 60 and older have unpaid student loan debt, which has tripled since 2005 to $43 billion currently. Money is being deducted from Social Security payments for around 140,000 individuals to pay down student loans.
3) Older Americans with student loan debt can struggle financially due to fixed incomes and ballooning debt from interest. Senator Bill Nelson said defaults can leave seniors with incomes below the poverty line.
The document provides an overview of creative briefs and the briefing process. It discusses what a brief is, including that it is a distillation of key information that serves as a roadmap for creative teams. The document outlines components of an effective brief, including providing direction with a single compelling message about the brand in a concrete yet inspiring way. It also cautions against common pitfalls that can undermine briefs.
This document provides context and details about Jose Rizal's novel Noli Me Tangere. It summarizes that 1886 was a painful but joyful time for Rizal as he was sick in Berlin but his novel was published in 1887. It inspired by Uncle Tom's Cabin, Rizal began writing Noli Me Tangere in 1884 to depict the suffering of Filipinos under Spanish rule. The document lists locations and time periods when he wrote parts of the novel and individuals who helped publish it. It provides an overview of characters in Noli Me Tangere and notes some are based on real people from Rizal's life.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
Polytec Packins India Pvt. Ltd. is a printing solutions company established in 1992 that provides large format printing, screen printing, offset printing, and digital printing services on various substrates up to 48,000sqt per day. It serves customers in industries like beverages, food, telecom, and IT. The company aims for high quality and lower costs to achieve customer satisfaction and sustainable profits. It offers products and services including vinyl cut products, displays, labels, indoor and outdoor graphics, and design, printing, finishing, and distribution capabilities.
This document discusses a proposal for LG to partner with Epic Eye to create an unparalleled 4K/1080p content solution to showcase at InfoComm 2013 where LG will be a sponsor. Epic Eye proposes developing a grand vision for the content that will generate revenue streams for LG's commercial and residential display solutions by expanding their reach in various industries. Epic Eye wants to integrate LG's marketing expertise with their artistic and technical skills to successfully execute and promote this joint content solution. They would grant LG access to their Moving Murals gallery for marketing purposes. The partnership is positioned to deliver the premium 4K in-home and business solution.
Surfaces India is a company that specializes in shot blasted interlock pavers. It offers project management, material supply, execution of services. The company has experience with various clients such as Vishranthi Homes, Mega Mart, Vijay Eye Hospital, Music Academy, and Zylog Systems. It has completed multiple projects of different sizes and designs.
A colonoscopy is a procedure where a flexible fiberscope is passed through the anus and rectum to examine the colon and remove polyps or growths. Lavage involves using a nasogastric tube to wash out the stomach, such as after ingesting dangerous substances. Extraction is the removal or pulling of teeth. Cachexia refers to weight loss and wasting of the body during a chronic disease.
1) The document discusses lumbar and cervical disc prolapses, with a focus on the anatomy, clinical presentation, examination, investigations, and treatment options.
2) It notes that 90% of lumbar disc prolapses occur at the L4/L5 and L5/S1 levels, while cervical disc prolapses usually occur in a posterolateral direction due to the strong posterior longitudinal ligament.
3) Conservative treatment is effective for many cases, while indications for surgery include incapacitating pain, neurological deficits, or motor/sphincter issues. Surgical options include discectomy with minimal bone removal or laminectomy.
The document provides definitions and explanations for 5 medical abbreviations related to the urinary system:
1. ARF stands for acute renal failure, which is the rapid breakdown of kidney function that occurs when toxins accumulate due to the kidneys' inability to excrete waste.
2. Cath refers to catheterization, where a tube is inserted into the bladder through the urethra to drain urine or deliver treatments.
3. Cysto is short for cystoscopy, an procedure where a thin camera is inserted into the urethra and bladder to examine the lower urinary tract.
4. BUN measures the level of urea nitrogen in the blood, which indicates how well the
This document discusses different types of traction used in orthopedics. It defines traction as applying a stretching force to parts of the body. Traction is used to reduce fractures and dislocations, immobilize painful joints, prevent deformity, and correct soft tissue contractures. The document describes different methods of skin traction including Buck's traction and Bryant's traction, as well as skeletal traction using pins in the femur, tibia, or calcaneus. Complications of traction include infection, nerve injury, and distraction at the fracture site.
Splints are devices that immobilize and protect injured limbs. They are used for fractures, sprains, dislocations and other injuries. Common splinting materials include plaster, fiberglass, pre-fabricated splints and air splints. Traction involves applying a pulling force to the skeletal system using weights, ropes and pulleys. The objectives are to reduce fractures and dislocations, relieve pain, and prevent deformities. Common types are skin traction, which applies force through the skin, and skeletal traction, which attaches directly to bone. Complications can include infection, pressure sores, and effects of prolonged immobilization.
This document discusses different types of splints and traction used for immobilizing fractures. It describes ladder splints, Thomas splints, and Bohler's modification of the Braun splint. Thomas splints consist of a ring, medial bar, and lateral bar and are used to immobilize the lower limb. Bohler's modification uses pulleys to allow changing the angle of traction without adjusting the traction arrangement. The document also covers skin traction versus skeletal traction, application sites for each, and risks associated with traction use.
This document discusses different types of traction used in medical treatment, including skin traction methods like Buck's extension, Russell's traction, and Bryant's traction that use belts and harnesses on the body. It also covers skeletal traction techniques such as overhead arm traction, balanced suspension traction, skeletal tongs, and halo traction that apply traction directly to the bones. Halo traction, in particular, uses a ring placed around the head to immobilize the skull and neck.
The document discusses the musculo-skeletal system including its main components and functions. It describes the three types of muscles, tendons, ligaments, bones, joints, and cartilages. It then discusses the assessment of the musculo-skeletal system including history taking, physical examination, common tests like bone marrow aspiration and arthroscopy, and common musculoskeletal problems and their nursing management.
This document discusses various methods of fracture treatment including traction, splinting, and plaster of Paris. It provides details on skin traction and skeletal traction, including indications, application techniques, and complications. It also outlines different types of splints and how to properly apply and care for plaster of Paris casts. The goal of these treatments is to reduce fractures, maintain alignment, and allow rehabilitation through immobilization and gradual reduction of muscular forces.
1. The document discusses various musculoskeletal modalities including casts, splints, braces, traction, and external fixators. It describes their uses, types, and nursing management.
2. Specific types of casts, splints and braces are defined along with general nursing care such as circulation checks, pain management, and education.
3. Traction is described as applying a pulling force to immobilize or position body parts, and different types include skin, skeletal, and balanced suspension traction.
This document discusses traction, which uses weights and pulleys to gently pull broken or dislocated body parts back into position. It defines traction, outlines its purposes and principles, and describes types like skin and skeletal traction. Potential complications are noted. Nursing management focuses on skin integrity, traction care, observations, pain management, and activity as tolerated.
The document provides information on the musculoskeletal system including bones, muscles, ligaments, tendons and cartilage. It discusses bone cells and growth, tendons, ligaments, joints, and types of joints. Diagnostic tests, nursing assessment, and management of injuries like fractures, dislocations, strains and sprains are covered. Casting, traction, and surgery are described as common treatments. Potential complications and their management are also summarized.
Hip fractures are common injuries in older adults that require hospitalization. They can lead to complications like deep vein thrombosis, fat embolism, infection, delayed or non-union, complex regional pain syndrome, and compartment syndrome if not properly managed. Treatment involves medications, traction, surgery, early mobilization, and prevention of complications. Nursing focuses on pain management, risk reduction, and ensuring proper healing of the injury through exercise and health teaching.
Rehabilitation of dominant upper limb amputationJoe Antony
This document provides an overview of the rehabilitation process for individuals who have undergone an amputation of their dominant upper limb. It discusses evaluating patients' medical history and functional abilities, managing pain and edema, preventing contractures, and beginning pre-prosthetic training. The document outlines different levels of prosthetic training, including teaching patients to use, care for, don/doff their prosthesis and initiate control training. The goal is to help patients regain independence through rehabilitation and proper prosthetic fitting.
nursing intervention for patients with musculoskeletal system disorders by Mulugeta Emiru (MSc in Adult health Nursing): Mizan Tepi university. 2017/2018.
The document provides information on the musculoskeletal system including:
1. It describes the key components of the musculoskeletal system including bones, muscles, ligaments, tendons and cartilage.
2. It discusses bone cells and their functions in bone formation and resorption.
3. Common musculoskeletal injuries and disorders like strains, sprains, fractures and dislocations are described along with their signs, symptoms and management.
4. Diagnostic tests and nursing management of musculoskeletal conditions including casting, traction and surgery are summarized.
Traction is a physical force which brings about separation of the joint through the bone along its long axis. This can be done manually or mechanically and provides several beneficial effects.
This document discusses various types of amputations and their management. It covers:
1. Definitions of different types of amputations including closed/open, levels of amputation for upper and lower limbs.
2. Guidelines for post-operative management and bandaging of the amputated limb to shape the stump and prevent complications.
3. Common issues after amputation like pain management, skin disorders, and the psychological impact of losing a limb.
FRACTURE PPT (ORTHOPAEDIC) ALL BASIC INFORMATIONBhumikaThakor1
1. A fracture is a disruption of bone continuity that can be complete or incomplete. It is defined by its type and extent.
2. Fractures are commonly caused by trauma or injury to the bone from falls, impacts, or stresses. They are diagnosed through history, physical exam, x-rays, CT scans, or MRI scans.
3. Treatment involves reduction to realign the bone fragments followed by immobilization using casts, splints, traction, or internal/external fixation. Nursing care focuses on pain management, preventing complications, and maintaining function and mobility.
Pressure ulcers develop as a result of pressure or pressure combined with shear forces over bony prominences. Elderly individuals, those who are immobile or have poor nutrition are most at risk. Venous ulcers are caused by chronic venous disease and reflux and typically occur on the lower leg. Both require reducing pressure, treating infections if present, optimizing nutrition, and using dressings and compression therapy to promote healing. While local wound care is important, addressing underlying risk factors and providing patient education on prevention are essential for management.
REHABILITATION OF THE BURN PATIENT by Neenu.pptxNEENUVARGHESE8
This document discusses the stages and aspects of burn rehabilitation. It begins by introducing burn rehabilitation as addressing physical, psychological, and social needs following a burn injury. It then outlines the early and later stages of rehabilitation. The early stages involve critical care, managing psychological impact, anti-contracture positioning, splinting, stretching, and education. The later stages focus on ongoing scar management, which incorporates positioning, splinting, exercise, massage, and social rehabilitation. Rehabilitation is presented as a long-term process beginning at admission and continuing over months or years to address all impacts of a burn injury.
- Inguinal hernias occur when abdominal tissue protrudes through the groin area due to weakness in the abdominal wall. Hernia repair surgery closes this weakness using mesh or stitches. Potential side effects include pain, swelling, and bruising that usually clear within a week. Complications are rare but can include infection, bleeding, or nerve pain. Physical therapy focuses on regaining strength in the abdominal and hip muscles.
- Appendectomy is the surgical removal of the appendix, usually to treat appendicitis. The standard incision is gridiron (McBurney) which splits abdominal muscles. Patients are encouraged to change positions and perform light exercises after a few days to prevent complications like muscle weakness or respiratory issues
- Skin traction involves applying traction directly to the skin to immobilize a body part. It can be used for short or extended periods using adhesive or non-adhesive devices.
- The purposes of skin traction include reducing fractures and dislocations, maintaining skeletal alignment, relieving muscle spasms, and immobilizing injured areas.
- Common types of skin traction include Buck's traction for femoral fractures, forearm skin traction, and head halter traction for neck injuries. Close monitoring is needed to prevent complications like skin breakdown, neurological issues, and deep vein thrombosis.
Fracture care involves reducing the fracture to realign bone fragments, immobilizing the area to promote healing, and rehabilitation. Nursing focuses on pain management, preventing complications like infection, maintaining mobility and nutrition, and educating patients. For closed fractures, nurses instruct on edema control and exercises. Open fractures require antibiotics and wound care. Nurses assess neurovascular status, position limbs properly, and monitor for issues like compartment syndrome that could impact healing.
post operative complications MEDICAL.pptxasispodar
The document discusses postoperative complications, their prevention and management. Some key points:
- Surgical patients are at risk of complications during and after surgery, ranging from minor to serious. The risk depends on the surgery, patient health, and care. Complications increase costs, length of stay, and suffering.
- Prevention techniques include pre-assessment, managing pre-existing conditions, proper antibiotics and analgesia, early mobilization, and maintaining asepsis during surgery.
- Management of complications involves respiratory care like deep breathing exercises; circulatory care like ambulation; pain control; fluid and electrolyte monitoring; encouraging activity; and wound care like inspection and dressing.
1. Prepared By
Hala Mohamed Abd El Hamed
Assistant lecturer of Adult nursing
Faculty of Nursing
Mansoura University
2. Fracture
• A fracture is a complete or incomplete
disruption in the continuity of bone structure and
is defined according to its type and extent.
• Fractures occur when the bone is subjected to
stress greater than it can absorb.
• Fractures may be caused by direct blows,
crushing forces, sudden twisting motions, and
extreme muscle contractions.
6. Closed Reduction
is accomplished by:
• Bringing the bone fragments into anatomic
alignment through manipulation and manual
traction.
• The extremity is held in the aligned position
while the physician applies a cast, splint, or other
device.
7. Open Reduction
• Through a surgical approach, the fracture
fragments are anatomically aligned.
• Internal fixation devices (metallic pins, wires,
screws, plates, nails, or rods) may be used to
hold the bone fragments in position until solid
bone healing occurs.
8. Nursing Management
Patients With Closed Fractures
The nurse instructs the patient regarding the proper
methods to control edema and pain.
elevate extremity to heart level; take analgesics as
prescribed.
Consume diet to promote bone healing.
Use mobility aids and assistive devices safely.
Avoid excessive use of injured extremity; observe
prescribed weight-bearing limits.
State indicators of complications to report promptly to
physician (eg, uncontrolled swelling and pain; cool, pale
fingers or toes; paresthesia; paralysis; signs of local and
systemic infection; signs of venous thromboembolism;
problems with immobilization device).
9. Fracture of the clavicle. Immobilization is accomplished with a
typical displacement in clavicular strap.
midclavicular fracture.
13. Casts
• Rigid device that immobilizes the affected
body part while allowing other body parts
to move
• Cast materials—plaster, fiberglass,
polyester-cotton
• Types of casts for various parts of the
body—arm, leg, brace, body
19. • Traction is the application of a pulling
force to a part of the body.
• Traction must be applied in the correct
direction and magnitude to obtain its
therapeutic effects.
20. • Indications:
Traction is used to
– To minimize muscle spasm.
– To reduce align, and immobilize fractures
– To reduce deformity .
25. Classification of Traction :
• Skin Traction : is maintained by direct
application of a pulling force on the client’s
skin . It is generally used as a temporary
measure.
– To reduce muscle spasms
– To maintain immobilization before surgery.
• Skeletal Traction : is attaches directly to bone
, providing a strong steady, continuous pull, and
can be used for prolonged periods .
26. Classification of Traction :
• The amount of weight used depends on
the injury, pathologic condition, body
size, and degree of muscle spasm.
• Manual Traction :
is applied with hands to temporarily
immobilize an injured part. A firm, smooth,
steady pull is maintained . Manual Traction
is used during casting, reduction of a
fracture or dislocated joint.
27. complications:
• potential complications that may develop
include the following:
– Neurovascular compromise.
– Inadequate fracture alignment..
– Skin breakdown .
– Soft tissue injury.
28. complications:
potential complications that may develop
include the following:
– Pin tract infection .
– Osteomyelitis can occur with skeletal
traction.
– In additional, complications from immobility
can be encountered , especially with long
term traction and in older adult.
29. • The nurse must be consider the psychological
and physiological impact of the musculoskeletal
problem, traction device, and immobility.
• The nurse must assess and monitor the
patient’s anxiety level and psychological
responses to traction.
30. • It is important to evaluate the body part to
be placed in traction and its neurovascular
status and compare it to the unaffected
extremity.
• As long as the client is in traction, skin
integrity must be assessed and
documented, examining especially for
redness, bruises, and lacerations.
31. • Radiological Evaluation while the client is
in traction determines the extent of injury,
maintenance of bony alignment, and the
progress of healing.
32. • Additional principles to follow
when caring for the patient in
traction:
1. Traction must be continuous to be effective
in reducing and immobilizing fractures.
2. Skeletal traction is never interrupted.
3. weights are not removed unless intermittent
traction is prescribed.
4. Any factor that might reduce the effective pull
or alter its resultant line of pull must be
33. 4. The factor that might reduce the
effective pull or alter its resultant line of
pull must be eliminated:
1. The patient must be in good alignment in the center
of the bed when traction is applied.
2. Ropes must be unobstructed.
3. Weights must hang free and not rest on the bed or
floor .
4. Knots in the rope or the footplate must not touch the
pulley or the foot of the bed.
34. Nursing Management:
Alteration in Peripheral Tissue Perfusion:
Circulatory Care: tissue perfusion is enhanced
by client exercises within the limitations of the
traction.
Exercises, regular deep breathing and
coughing, adequate fluids, and elastic
stocking work together to prevent deep
venous thrombosis.
Teaching the client about anti-coagulant is
essential.
35. Nursing Interventions:
High risk for peripheral neurovascular dysfunction:
Peripheral sensation management :
Accurate assessment of neurovascular status
includes evaluating the client’s pain, sensation,
active and passive ROM, color, temperature,
capillary refill time, and pulses.
Neurologic impairment specific to the location
of the traction should be assessed.
The client must be instructed to report changes
in sensation.
Taught the client about the appropriate
exercises.
36. • Providing pin site care:
The wound at the pin insertion site requires
attention .
• The goals to avoid infection and development
of osteomyelitis.
Initially :
1. the site is covered with sterile dressing.
2. the nurse must keep the area clean.
3. Slight serous oozing at the pin site is
expected.
4. the nurse assess the pin site and drainage
for signs of infection.
37. Attaining maximum mobility with traction:
During traction therapy:
1. The nurse encourage the patient to exercise
muscles and joints that are not in traction to
guard against their deterioration.
During the patient exercises :
1. The nurse ensures that traction forces are
maintained and that the patient is properly
positioned to prevent complications resulting
from poor alignment.
38. Maintaining the positioning :
1. The nurse must maintain alignment of the
patient’s body in traction as prescribed to
promote an effective line of pull.
2. The nurse positions the patient’s foot to
avoid foot drop , inward rotation, and outward
rotation.
3. The patient’s foot may be supported in a
neutral position by orthopedics devices.
39. • Monitoring and managing potential
complications:
Pressure Ulcers
• The nurse examines the patient’s skin frequently for
evidence of pressure or friction.
• It is helpful to reposition the patient frequently and to
use protective devices to relieve pressure.
• If the risk of skin breakdown is high, as in a patient
with multiple trauma or a debilitated elderly patient, use
of a specialized bed is considered to prevent skin
breakdown.
• If a pressure ulcer develops, the nurse consults with
the physician and the wound care nurse specialist.
40. Monitoring and managing potential
complications:
Pneumonia
• The nurse auscultate the patient’s lungs every 4 to 8
hours to determine respiratory status and teaches the
patient deep-breathing and coughing exercises to aid in
fully expanding the lungs and moving pulmonary
secretions.
• If the patient history and baseline assessment indicate
that the patient is at high risk for development of
respiratory complications, specific therapies may be
indicated.
• If a respiratory problem develops, prompt institution of
prescribed therapy is needed.
41. Venous Stasis and Deep Vein
Thrombosis
• Venous stasis occurs with immobility.
• The nurse teaches the patient to perform ankle
and foot exercises within the limits of the traction
therapy every 1 to 2 hours when awake to prevent
DVT, which may result from venous stasis.
• The patient is encouraged to drink fluids to
prevent dehydration.
• The nurse monitors the patient for signs of DVT,
including calf tenderness, warmth, redness,
swelling (increased calf circumference).
42.
43.
44. • You are a staff nurse in the emergency
department,
and a patient is brought in with an open tibia/fibula
fracture.
• He is not in respiratory distress, with an SaO2 of
99%, and is communicating appropriately with
you, but complains of pain.
• What assessments will you gather first, second,
and third on this patient? Explain your rationale
for the priority order of your assessments.