1) The document proposes a theory of fundamental constants (F.C.) to explain the origin and evolution of the universe without violating conservation of mass-energy.
2) It suggests the universe began as a critical mass in 0D space and 1D imaginary time, which then evolved into higher dimensions governed by the factor Ω.
3) The theory links various F.C. like the Planck length, charge, and mass of particles. It argues this explains phenomena like the curvature and acceleration of the universe without need for concepts like inflation or dark energy.
Lecture by prof. dr Neven Bilic from the Ruđer Bošković Institute (Zagreb, Croatia) at the Faculty of Science and Mathematics (Niš, Serbia) on October 29, 2014.
The visit took place in the frame of the ICTP – SEENET-MTP project PRJ-09 “Cosmology and Strings”.
D. Mladenov - On Integrable Systems in CosmologySEENET-MTP
Lecture by Prof. Dr. Dimitar Mladenov (Theoretical Physics Department, Faculty of Physics, Sofia University, Bulgaria) on December 7, 2011 at the Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Nis, Serbia.
Lecture by prof. dr Neven Bilic from the Ruđer Bošković Institute (Zagreb, Croatia) at the Faculty of Science and Mathematics (Niš, Serbia) on October 29, 2014.
The visit took place in the frame of the ICTP – SEENET-MTP project PRJ-09 “Cosmology and Strings”.
D. Mladenov - On Integrable Systems in CosmologySEENET-MTP
Lecture by Prof. Dr. Dimitar Mladenov (Theoretical Physics Department, Faculty of Physics, Sofia University, Bulgaria) on December 7, 2011 at the Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Nis, Serbia.
Putter King Education - Physics (Level 2)putterking
Here you can learn all about the physics concepts that are hidden in miniature golf. Visit www.putterking.com for more info.
Level 2 - Princess
Area of focus: force and motion
Topics covered:
> Force
> Gravity
> Law of Universal Gravitation
> Mass vs. weight
> Newton’s First Law of Motion
> Newton’s Second Law of Motion
> Newton’s Third Law of Motion
While most of the singularities of General Relativity are expected to be safely hidden behind event horizons by the cosmic censorship conjecture, we happen to live in the causal future of the classical big bang singularity, whose resolution constitutes the active field of early universe cosmology...
Localized Electrons with Wien2k
LDA+U, EECE, MLWF, DMFT
Elias Assmann
Vienna University of Technology, Institute for Solid State Physics
WIEN2013@PSU, Aug 14
http://odzyskajpodatek.pl/blog/zwrot-podatku-z-irlandii?utm_source=slide&utm_medium=PPTvideo&utm_campaign=Ireland
Jeśli pracowałeś poza Polską, prawdopodobnie należy Ci się zwrot podatku. Jeżeli masz jakieś zapytania lub problemy, skorzystaj z naszego bezpłatnego PRZEWODNIKA, gdzie odpowiadamy na pytania wielokrotnie przedstawiane przez naszych Klientów. Nasza znajomość tematu oraz długoletnie doświadczenie pomogą wyjaśnić niezrozumiałe kwestie.
Putter King Education - Physics (Level 2)putterking
Here you can learn all about the physics concepts that are hidden in miniature golf. Visit www.putterking.com for more info.
Level 2 - Princess
Area of focus: force and motion
Topics covered:
> Force
> Gravity
> Law of Universal Gravitation
> Mass vs. weight
> Newton’s First Law of Motion
> Newton’s Second Law of Motion
> Newton’s Third Law of Motion
While most of the singularities of General Relativity are expected to be safely hidden behind event horizons by the cosmic censorship conjecture, we happen to live in the causal future of the classical big bang singularity, whose resolution constitutes the active field of early universe cosmology...
Localized Electrons with Wien2k
LDA+U, EECE, MLWF, DMFT
Elias Assmann
Vienna University of Technology, Institute for Solid State Physics
WIEN2013@PSU, Aug 14
http://odzyskajpodatek.pl/blog/zwrot-podatku-z-irlandii?utm_source=slide&utm_medium=PPTvideo&utm_campaign=Ireland
Jeśli pracowałeś poza Polską, prawdopodobnie należy Ci się zwrot podatku. Jeżeli masz jakieś zapytania lub problemy, skorzystaj z naszego bezpłatnego PRZEWODNIKA, gdzie odpowiadamy na pytania wielokrotnie przedstawiane przez naszych Klientów. Nasza znajomość tematu oraz długoletnie doświadczenie pomogą wyjaśnić niezrozumiałe kwestie.
The resistivity of a host metal, such as Cu with trace amounts of magnetic impurities, typically Fe, reaches a minimum and then increases as -ln T as the temperature subsequently decreases. A resistivity minimum and subsequent logarithmic-temperature dependence are in stark contrast to the resistivity of the pure metal that tends to zero monotonically as the temperature decreases. An additional surprise is that the -ln T dependence of the resistivity does not continue indefinitely to low temperature, but rather, below a characteristic temperature, the Kondo temperature, it phases out. At this temperature the impurity and conduction electron spins begin to condense into singlet states and this condensation is complete at T=0 K. Perturbation theory breaks down at this temperature and then the magnetic properties of the system change. Here we have explained how resistivity minimum and logarithmic-temperature dependence arises if we take the interaction between the spin of conduction electrons of host metal and the spin of impurity as a perturbation.
La razón principal para el estudio de atmósferas planetarias es tratar de entender el origen y evolución de la atmósfera de la tierra. Por supuesto, en el intento de comprender el funcionamiento de nuestro sistema solar o incluso la evolución de la Tierra como un organismo, la atmósfera de la tierra es esencialmente irrelevante, ya que su masa es despreciable.
Why Does the Atmosphere Rotate? Trajectory of a desorbed moleculeJames Smith
As a step toward understanding why the Earth's atmosphere "rotates" with the Earth, we use using Geometric (Clifford) Algebra to investigate the trajectory of a single molecule that desorbs vertically upward from the Equator, then falls back to Earth without colliding with any other molecules. Sample calculations are presented for a molecule whose vertical velocity is equal to the surface velocity of the Earth at the Equator (463 m/s) and for one with a vertical velocity three times as high. The latter velocity is sufficient for the molecule to reach the Kármán Line (100,000 m). We find that both molecules fall to Earth behind the point from which they desorbed: by 0.25 degrees of latitude for the higher vertical velocity, but by only 0.001 degrees for the lower.
I use this ppt. to teach Universal Gravitation to mt high school Physics classes. It's a real time saver, and I think it covers the topic well. Of course I add/augment a lot of stuff as I go along.
Gravitation, one of the fundamental forces governing the universe, holds profound significance in the realm of physics. It elucidates the captivating dance of celestial bodies, the gentle sway of tides, and the stability of planetary orbits. At the core of gravitation lies Sir Isaac Newton's revolutionary insights, encapsulated in his Law of Universal Gravitation. This law elegantly describes how every particle in the cosmos attracts every other particle with a force directly proportional to their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. Through the study of gravitation, Class 11 physics students embark on a journey to comprehend the intricate interplay of masses, distances, and forces that shape the cosmos. From unraveling the mysteries of planetary motion to delving into the concept of escape velocity, the exploration of gravitation unveils the underlying principles governing the harmony of celestial bodies. As students delve deeper, they encounter Kepler's Laws, which offer profound insights into the motion of planets around the Sun, and delve into gravitational potential, energy, and fields, paving the way for a comprehensive understanding of gravitational phenomena. Thus, in the vast expanse of the universe, gravitation stands as a cornerstone of physical understanding, beckoning curious minds to unravel its mysteries and explore the cosmos. Gravitation is the force of attraction that exists between any two masses.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
2. The Beginning …
Once Upon a time, there was nothing; no space-
time, no mass-energy.
God asked Himself a Question –
“Nothingness, for how long time?”
“Biggest Blunder of His Life”
Hence, Quanta of Imaginary Time, iTq (which
Coordinate is Periodic; 2π) in 0-D space was
created for Critical Mass (Mc = Constant) with no
violation of “Law of Conservation of Mass-energy”.
Quanta of i-Space-Time = Fundamental Constant
3. Universe in 0-D Space and 1-D i-
Time
( iq)2 = ( iHq/2π)2 = ( G0) * ( Mc)
(Hq/2π)2 = G0 * Mc
Where, Hq= 1/Tq and G0 = Gravitational Parameter in
0-D Space = 1. Above equation converts “i-Time” into
“Real Time” and –Ve Mass into +Ve Mass.
0-D Space
- Mc; + G0 + Mc; - G0
Ec = Mc * c2 and Gravity Effect
Imaginary Quanta of
in Each Universe = Mc * {1+ (3P/)}
Space = iq= c*(iTq)
= 2 * Mc; (3P/) = 1
4. Evolution of Universe and
During Birth of Universe, there was only one
Fundamental Force i.e. “Gravity”.
Evolution of Universe into Higher Dimension was
governed by factor “”.
= t /c
Where, t = Total Density of Each Universe, and
c = Critical Density of Each Universe
For (>1), k = 1 ; Collapsed Universe
For (=1), k = 0 ; Flat Universe
For (<1), k = -1; Expanded Universe
(k = Space Curvature Constant)
5. N Space-Time and
N Space-Time t = Total Density of c = Critical Density = (t / c )
Each Universe of Each Universe
N=1; 0-D Space Mc * {1+ (3P/)} = 2* Mc Mc 2
N=2; 1-D Space 2* Mc / (π*q) Mc / (2*q) 4/ π = 1.273
N=3; 2-D Space 2* Mc / {2*π*(q)2} Mc / {π*(q)2} 1
N=4; 3-D Space 2* Mc / {π2*(q)3} Mc / {4*π*(q)3/3} 8/(3*π)= 0.848
6. Why 3-D Space and 1-D Time ?
Quanta of i-Space-Time = F. C.
Saved Universe from “Singularity” in 0-D to 2-D Space.
Projected Universe into next Higher Dimension
because of instability between gravity effect of 1
and Resistance given by “Quanta of i-Space-Time”.
For e.g.
1-D Real Space
0-D Space
=2 = 1.273
7. Variable G Theory
N Space-Time Equation Gravitational
Parameter (G)
N=1; 0-D Space (Hq /2π)2 = G0 * Mc G0 = 1
N=2; 1-D Space (Hq /2π)2 = G1 * Mc / q G1 = q
N=3; 2-D Space (Hq /2π)2 = G2 * Mc / (q)2 G2 = (q)2
N=4; 3-D Space H2 = 2 * G3 * Mc / ()3 G3 = 2 * π2 * G2 *
(Expansion of Universe) = 4 * π2 * G2 * Mc / ()2 = 2 * π2 * (q)2 *
G3 = G ; c2/ = G*(2*Mc)/ 2
Rotation of Universe (Machian
8. iq Q (Charge) F. C.
From Current Cosmological Observations –
k=0; T0 = Current Age of the Universe = 13.9 Gyr
0 = Current Size of the Observable Universe c*T0
1.32 * 1026 m --- (c = 3 * 108 m/s)
And, t c 9.7 * 10-27 Kg/m3.
Mc {c * 4 * * 03 / 3} 8.9 * 1052 Kg
Hq = Sqrt(4 * 2 * G0 * Mc) 1.873 * 1027 s-1
Or, iq i * c / Hq 1.602 * 10-19 im Q (Charge)
And, G = Gravitational Parameter = 2* 2 * (q)2 * 0
6.68 * 10-11 m3/Kg.s2 Constant
Quanta of i-Space = Charge = F. C.
9. Why God had chosen iq Q ?
It was not chosen, but “Q” itself is combination of
other F. Cs like h, c and k.
Possible combination :-
Q = h/ (c * k) = 1.602 * 10-19 im
Where, h = 6.6262 * 10-34 J.s; k = 1.380 * 10-23
J/0K and c = 2.997 * 108 m/s; Unit of k Kg
Other Interesting Combinations :-
Me = 2 * π2 * h/ (c2 * Q) = 9.09 * 10-31 Kg
∵ Frequency of Electron , e 1/Q
MP = π * h/ (c2 * k) = 1.673 * 10-27 Kg
∵ Frequency of Proton , e 1/k
10. Initial Condition of Universe
From Friedmann Equations :
H2 = (å/ a)2 = (8*π*G/3)* - (k * c2/a2)
ä/ a = -(4*π*G/3)**{1+(3P/e)}
For = 0.848, k = -1. G a and a-4;
(å)2 = c2 * {(b2/a) + 1} --- {b2 = Constant}
And, ä = - {b2*c2/(2*a2)} < 0
Integrating above first equation gives,
a * (b2+a) - b2 * ln{a + (b2+a)} = ct
for (b2 << a); a – b2 ln{2 * a} = ct a ct
Initial Size of Universe in 3-D Space = R= {2**Mc/k}1/3 *
q = 5.5 * 106 m with time (T) equal to (Tq). Where, Mc=
11. Advantages of F.C. Theory
This Unique Theory defines origin of “Big Bang” with explanation of “Why 3-D
Space and 1-D Time ?” without violation of Law of “Conservation of Mass-
Energy”.
Defines Curvature of Space during Birth of Universe i.e. (k=-1). Not possible
with any other theory.
Finds relation between “F.Cs” and also, their relation with contents of the
Universe like, Q (Charge) Quanta of Space; k/(23) 125 Gev Mass
(Higg’s Boson Mass?); c Time; h Energy. {Q = h/ (c*k)}
With increase in size of the Universe “a”, (∵ b2 << a). From equations, å c; ä
0 and a c * t, i.e. k 0 (No need of Fine Tuning).
Solves “Flatness”, “Horizon” and “CMB Fluctuations” problem with no need of
“Exponential Inflation”.
For Flat (k=0) and Matter dominated Universe (a-3) with Variable G (G a);
å = c; ä = 0. It shows that Phase change (from radiation to matter) occurred
when Universe turned from k=-1 to k=0. Further deep study at particle
physics is required.
Empty Space (Vacuum) is not empty, but rather filled with non interacting and
expanding matter such that its Local Density (TU)-3 ; TU = Local Universal
Time depends upon gravity effect of mass-energy in given region.
H2 = (TU)-2 = (8/3)*G* = (8/3)*{22* (q)2} *c*TU*
12. Dark Energy Vs Baryonic matter
Baryonic matter (High Density Stuffs) makes Size of
Universe less than Actual Size based upon (a = ct).
High
Density
Stuffs
Volume = VA Volume = VB < VA
Voids creates “Concave Shape; k = -1” “Dark
Energy” and B.M. makes “Convex Shape; k= +1”
“Dark Matter” with respect to Hubble’s Line.
Hubble’s Line; V= H0*r Space-Time Curvature
k = +1
Time k = +1
Galaxy “B”
Galaxy “A” Void; k = -1
TGalaxy < THubble < TVoids < TActual
13. CDM Model ?
Hubble’s Reference Line solves both problem of “D.M.” and
“D.E.” with no need of “Ugly Stuff” like Cosmological Constant
(P = - ; Repulsive G. Force).
Escapes easily from “Cosmic Coincidence” problem.
No Danger of “Big Rip” or to remain alone in Universe.
“Acceleration of Universe” is Illusion; ä 0.
Changed of “Curvature of Space : k” from “-1” to current value of
“0” during evolution of Universe suggests “Fate of Universe
Collapsed State” by increased in value of “k” to “+1” with
increase in value of “G a”. Universe should be Periodic (i-
Time).
CDM Model can not explain “Pioneer’s Anomaly” (ä -
c*H0). While in this theory, for (k=0; G a) and Matter
dominated Twin Universe (P=0), ä = - {4*2*(q)2*(2*Mc)}/(2*a)=
- c2/a - c*H0, Gives, s = - ä * (Tyear)2 = 345 Km
14. iq Q (Charge) Pressure
In Fluid Dynamics, Pressure (P) d (Depth of Fluid)
Surface of Fluid Pressure = 0
Quanta of i-Space Depth of Each Universe P
For Fermions, P d Q; and
For Fermi-Bosons, P /3 d/3 Q/3 (Quarks)
3-D Space
+ 2Q/3 +Q
(Surface of Fluid)
Time + Q + Q/3
0
-Q - Q/3
Bosons - 2Q/3 -Q
Fermions Fermi-Bosons
15. Q (Charge) and Particles
Q
Time
Proton Meson
0
Neutron
Electron
Photon 3-D Space of Each Universe
Time
Photon Forward Direction of Time = Reversed Direction of Time; Net Time = 0
Particles with Charge (-2Q and -2Q/3) are Impossible.
This Particles should convert into Anti-Particles.
8 Gluon Glue Ball = 4-D Quanta Particle
16. Anti-Matter Vs Matter
Anti–Matter : Mass remains Constant, but Sign of
Charge (Q) is Reversed.
To annihilate Anti-Matter with Matter and to Convert
into Photons
(Forward Direction of Time) Matter = (Reversed Direction of Time) Anti-Matter
Matter in One Universe Acts like Anti-Matter in its Twin Universe
Flat Twin Universes;
Thickness of Each
Universe = iQ
Electron in Top Universe Behaves Like Positron (Anti-Matter) in its
Bottom Universe When Both Universe Merged at that Point
17. Neutron Star Meson Star
Neutron Star Chandrasekhar's Limit (MN 1.4 * MSUN)
Neutron Quark Confinement Color Charge S.N.F.
S.N.F. Strong Low Energy; Weak Higher Energy
Neutron Neutron
Meson R
R R R
Ř
G B G B G B
No Gluons Between Quarks; (S.N.F. = Weak Higher Energy in S.G.F.)
Meson
R G R G
G B R B G B
Ğ
18. Meson Star Black Hole
Meson Star Net Time = 0
Annihilation of Up, Anti-Up Quark Pairs into Photons.
converts Meson Star Photon Star (Black Hole)
Black Hole is a “Photon Star” which Merged Twin
Universes into Single Universe up to its “Event Horizon”
(Gravity)Mass-Energy of B.H. = (Pressure)Photons
G * MB * MB * {1+(3P/)}/ r2 = ( * c2/ 3) * 4 * * r2
r = Rs = (2 * G * MB/ c2)
19. Black Hole in Twin Universe
Massive Black Holes Because
Time of Feeding From Both Universe Black Hole Gravitates
Both Universe
RS
Time
3-D Space of Both Universes
Separated By Twice Quanta
of Space
3-D Space of Both Universes Merged at Event Horizon of Black Hole. Pair
Creation of Particle & Anti-Particle; both having +Ve Mass in their
Universe. Hence, Black Hole can radiate without Loss of Informations.