Managerial concepts of organizational behaviorAshwath54
This document provides an overview of management concepts and organizational behavior as taught in an MBA program. It includes outlines of topics like the nature of management, levels of management, functions of management, and social responsibilities of business. Specifically, it discusses concepts like corporate social responsibility, business responsibilities toward shareholders, employees, customers, government, and community. It also addresses arguments that are sometimes made against requiring businesses to have social responsibilities.
The document discusses creating an entrepreneurial culture to support small and medium enterprises (SMEs). It defines entrepreneurial culture as a set of shared values and attitudes that view an entrepreneurial way of life as desirable. An entrepreneurial way of life involves greater freedom, responsibility, and uncertainty. Government and corporate cultures often conflict with small business realities through rigid rules and bureaucracies. Developing an entrepreneurial culture requires agencies to adopt entrepreneurial strategies like decentralized decision-making, partnerships, and a bottom-up approach to better understand and support entrepreneurs.
This document outlines Steiner's criteria for determining a business' social responsibilities and discusses a business' responsibilities to various stakeholders such as consumers, employees, investors, other businesses, the community, and the state. It provides guidelines for social responsibilities including producing quality goods that meet consumer needs, fair treatment of employees, ensuring safety of investments, developing cooperative relationships with other businesses, and supporting the community. Responsibilities also involve informing the community about company policies and programs and minimizing pollution.
Corporate social responsibility, Stakeholders,Bottom of the Pyramid Opportuni...Satish Bidgar
This document provides an overview of course material for a Managing for Sustainability MBA course. It covers topics such as the introduction and concepts of corporate social responsibility (CSR), the nature and forces driving CSR, relevance and critics of CSR, limits and enforcement of CSR, barriers to implementing CSR, corporate citizenship, formulating and implementing CSR policies, stakeholders and their interests, and opportunities at the bottom of the pyramid. The document contains definitions, principles, frameworks, and examples related to these CSR and sustainability topics.
Implementing, monitoring, and reporting CSR requires identifying a company's CSR level, key requirements like commitment and resources, and operational steps. CSR should be operationalized through forming a motivated core group to identify focus areas, design action plans, monitor impacts, and report initiatives. Measuring, monitoring, and reporting CSR ensures accountability, avoids risks, and improves reputation and performance. It involves using tools like ratings, principles, and indices to benchmark performance across areas like workplace, environment, and community initiatives. Reporting provides transparency and drives progress through methods like descriptive, quantitative, full cost, and triple bottom line reporting.
This document provides an overview of course material for a 3 credit course on Managing for Sustainability. It covers various topics related to corporate social responsibility (CSR) including: the introduction and concepts of CSR; nature, forces, relevance, and critics of CSR; limits, enforcing, and barriers to CSR; meaning and nature of corporate citizenship; formulating and implementing CSR policy; stakeholders and their interests; and bottom of the pyramid opportunities. The document contains definitions, explanations, examples, and frameworks related to these CSR topics through a series of headings and subheadings.
This document discusses business ethics, social responsibility, and environmental sustainability as it relates to strategic management. It provides examples of unethical business practices like misleading advertising and environmental harm. It emphasizes the importance of establishing a clear code of business ethics and developing an ethics culture within an organization. It also addresses issues like bribery, social responsibility, social policy, and policies around retirement as they relate to strategic management.
Managerial concepts of organizational behaviorAshwath54
This document provides an overview of management concepts and organizational behavior as taught in an MBA program. It includes outlines of topics like the nature of management, levels of management, functions of management, and social responsibilities of business. Specifically, it discusses concepts like corporate social responsibility, business responsibilities toward shareholders, employees, customers, government, and community. It also addresses arguments that are sometimes made against requiring businesses to have social responsibilities.
The document discusses creating an entrepreneurial culture to support small and medium enterprises (SMEs). It defines entrepreneurial culture as a set of shared values and attitudes that view an entrepreneurial way of life as desirable. An entrepreneurial way of life involves greater freedom, responsibility, and uncertainty. Government and corporate cultures often conflict with small business realities through rigid rules and bureaucracies. Developing an entrepreneurial culture requires agencies to adopt entrepreneurial strategies like decentralized decision-making, partnerships, and a bottom-up approach to better understand and support entrepreneurs.
This document outlines Steiner's criteria for determining a business' social responsibilities and discusses a business' responsibilities to various stakeholders such as consumers, employees, investors, other businesses, the community, and the state. It provides guidelines for social responsibilities including producing quality goods that meet consumer needs, fair treatment of employees, ensuring safety of investments, developing cooperative relationships with other businesses, and supporting the community. Responsibilities also involve informing the community about company policies and programs and minimizing pollution.
Corporate social responsibility, Stakeholders,Bottom of the Pyramid Opportuni...Satish Bidgar
This document provides an overview of course material for a Managing for Sustainability MBA course. It covers topics such as the introduction and concepts of corporate social responsibility (CSR), the nature and forces driving CSR, relevance and critics of CSR, limits and enforcement of CSR, barriers to implementing CSR, corporate citizenship, formulating and implementing CSR policies, stakeholders and their interests, and opportunities at the bottom of the pyramid. The document contains definitions, principles, frameworks, and examples related to these CSR and sustainability topics.
Implementing, monitoring, and reporting CSR requires identifying a company's CSR level, key requirements like commitment and resources, and operational steps. CSR should be operationalized through forming a motivated core group to identify focus areas, design action plans, monitor impacts, and report initiatives. Measuring, monitoring, and reporting CSR ensures accountability, avoids risks, and improves reputation and performance. It involves using tools like ratings, principles, and indices to benchmark performance across areas like workplace, environment, and community initiatives. Reporting provides transparency and drives progress through methods like descriptive, quantitative, full cost, and triple bottom line reporting.
This document provides an overview of course material for a 3 credit course on Managing for Sustainability. It covers various topics related to corporate social responsibility (CSR) including: the introduction and concepts of CSR; nature, forces, relevance, and critics of CSR; limits, enforcing, and barriers to CSR; meaning and nature of corporate citizenship; formulating and implementing CSR policy; stakeholders and their interests; and bottom of the pyramid opportunities. The document contains definitions, explanations, examples, and frameworks related to these CSR topics through a series of headings and subheadings.
This document discusses business ethics, social responsibility, and environmental sustainability as it relates to strategic management. It provides examples of unethical business practices like misleading advertising and environmental harm. It emphasizes the importance of establishing a clear code of business ethics and developing an ethics culture within an organization. It also addresses issues like bribery, social responsibility, social policy, and policies around retirement as they relate to strategic management.
This presentation summarizes the key concepts of business ethics and social responsibility. It discusses how ethics relates to character and doing what benefits business owners, society, and stakeholders. The presentation covers common ethical dilemmas in business, how organizations can promote ethical behavior through codes of conduct and training, and the responsibilities of businesses to the public, customers, employees, investors, and society. It provides examples of how companies like NABARD, Bank of India, and BPCL demonstrate social responsibility. The conclusion emphasizes that businesses must operate profitably while also increasing social wealth.
This document discusses corporate social responsibilities (CSR). It provides several definitions and explanations of CSR. CSR is defined as a process by which companies manage their relationships with stakeholders to have a positive social impact. It involves using business strategies and processes to integrate economic, environmental and social objectives. CSR goes beyond legal obligations and involves voluntarily improving communities and society. Companies are expected to consider how their actions affect others and the environment. The document outlines the various dimensions of CSR including economic, legal, ethical, philanthropic and environmental responsibilities. It discusses the role of CSR in India including relevant laws and examples of CSR programs implemented by major Indian companies.
This document discusses corporate social responsibility (CSR). It defines CSR as a voluntary business initiative to contribute to society and the environment. The document outlines the objectives of CSR, including understanding its principles and benefits. It discusses CSR definitions, myths, legislation, initiatives, case studies and measuring performance. CSR is presented as beneficial for businesses through improved reputation, attracting customers and talent, and cost savings. The case studies provide examples of successful CSR programs and their positive outcomes for small and large companies.
This document discusses corporate social responsibility (CSR). It defines CSR as a voluntary business initiative to contribute to society and the environment. The document outlines the objectives of CSR, including understanding its principles and benefits. It discusses CSR definitions, myths, legislation, initiatives, case studies and measuring performance. CSR is presented as beneficial for businesses through improved reputation, attracting customers and talent, and cost savings. The document aims to demonstrate how CSR can positively impact companies.
This PowerPoint presentation discusses the concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR). It defines CSR as the obligations of businesses to contribute resources to solving social problems and acting in a socially responsible manner. The presentation outlines the main constituents of CSR as contributing to sustainable economic development, social change, improving the social environment, and overall societal development. It identifies the types of CSR as responsibilities towards shareholders, employees, consumers, society, and the government. The presentation also categorizes CSR into economic, legal, ethical, and discretionary responsibilities and discusses arguments both for and against businesses taking on CSR.
This document discusses corporate culture and ethics in relation to strategic management. It begins by defining corporate culture as the shared beliefs, values and expectations within an organization that influence employee behavior. It then discusses the importance of business ethics and values, noting they are needed for an organization's survival, protection of consumer rights, and consideration of societal interests. The document also explores how personal values and business ethics impact corporate strategy formulation, with manager's own preferences and priorities potentially influencing strategic decisions and objectives.
Corporate social responsibility (CSR) refers to business practices that benefit society. CSR is becoming more mainstream as companies embed sustainability into their core operations to create shared value for business and society. There are four types of CSR responsibilities - economic, legal, ethical, and discretionary. Implementing CSR best practices such as stakeholder engagement, sustainability reporting, and branding can help companies increase profits, reputation, and appeal to investors while also benefiting the environment and society. The latest CSR trends include greater transparency, investing in green technologies and employees, and acting locally. An effective CSR strategy focuses efforts in key interaction areas and finds partners that mutually benefit business and social goals.
“Business Ethics and CSR education towards building a holistic Business education program. How education can help elevate the business ethics situation in Bangladesh.
5 mainstreaming csr group 5 setion_c (1)pg13tarun_g
Corporate social responsibility (CSR) can be defined in various ways, but generally refers to how companies manage their business processes to produce an overall positive impact on society. The document discusses three models for how companies approach CSR - the business case model, social values-led model, and syncretic stewardship model. The business case model views CSR primarily as a way to gain competitive advantages, the social values-led model makes social issues the main priority over economic goals, and the syncretic stewardship model seeks a balance between economic and social objectives. The document also examines how these models differ in their leadership philosophies, treatment of stakeholders, and organizational cultures related to uncertainty avoidance, assertiveness, and future orientation.
This document discusses strategies for small to medium enterprises (SMEs) to implement corporate social responsibility (CSR) planning. It identifies key stakeholders both internal and external and considers how to balance business goals with stakeholder needs. The document provides tools and guidance for SMEs on developing a CSR mission and messaging, implementing sustainable practices, engaging in multi-channel marketing and measuring the impact of CSR efforts. The overall aim is to help SMEs meet stakeholder needs while navigating CSR concepts.
The document provides an overview of Module 3 of a course on Technological Innovation Management and Entrepreneurship.
It discusses (1) the social responsibilities of business towards consumers, communities, employees, shareholders and the state, and the concept of social auditing. It also covers (2) the meaning and importance of entrepreneurship, characteristics of successful entrepreneurs, and the entrepreneurial development process. The module aims to educate students on social responsibilities of business and entrepreneurship.
Corporate social responsibility-Intro.pptxArshia81
The document discusses corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives by Nestle Pakistan and Coca-Cola in Pakistan. It defines CSR and discusses common CSR terms. It outlines Coca-Cola's sustainability commitments in areas like water, women, and well-being. It discusses CSR initiatives by other Pakistani brands and how consumers respond positively to companies that engage in CSR. The document explores reasons for companies to conduct CSR activities and considerations around prioritizing stakeholders and determining the nature and extent of corporate responsibility.
The document discusses business culture and corporate social responsibility. It defines business culture as the values, visions, working style, beliefs and habits that encompass an organization. It also discusses the meaning of culture, elements of culture like knowledge and beliefs, and how culture influences organizational behavior. The document then defines corporate social responsibility as companies integrating social and environmental concerns into their operations. It discusses the objectives, benefits, and limitations of CSR, as well as arguments for and against CSR. It outlines the four components of CSR as economic, legal, ethical and discretionary.
Business ethics is a branch of social science that deals with moral principles and values in business situations. It helps classify what is good and bad, and tells businesses to do good things and avoid harm. Business ethics provides a framework for conducting business within social, cultural, economic and legal limits. It is based on concepts like self-control, consumer protection, fair treatment, and not exploiting others. While business ethics should be voluntary, education and guidance are needed for its effective implementation.
The document discusses the social and cultural environment that businesses operate within. It defines the social environment as consisting of a society's beliefs, customs, and behaviors. The cultural environment refers to the prevailing norms and values that guide behavior. Businesses must understand and adapt to their external social and cultural environments in order to be successful. They must also carefully manage their internal social environments by building a positive organizational culture. The document outlines the various responsibilities businesses have towards shareholders, government, customers, employees, and society. It discusses the importance of ethics, social auditing, and corporate governance for businesses.
Challenges Of Corporate Social ResponsibilityElijah Ezendu
Issues in development of workable corporate social responsibility strategy and resolution of awe-inspiring stance for championing effective governance.
This document discusses business ethics and social responsibility. It defines business ethics as the standards governing conduct and decisions in the workplace. Factors that influence ethics include social responsibility, balancing profits with principles, and navigating unclear choices. Organizations shape ethics through codes of conduct, training, leadership, and culture. Businesses have social responsibilities to the public, customers, employees, and investors concerning issues like the environment, safety, diversity, and financial transparency.
This document discusses ethics and social responsibility in marketing. It outlines six ethical values that marketers are expected to uphold: honesty, responsibility, fairness, respect, transparency, and citizenship. It defines social responsibility as individuals being accountable for benefiting society. Socially responsible marketing strategies can include green branding or donating profits to charity. The document also notes that in India, the Companies Act mandates large companies to spend at least 2% of average net profits on CSR activities.
Canadian Archivists are not longer allowed to freely speak to the public unless their message is approved by the government. This presentation was sent to me in confidence by an archivist.
This document discusses different methods for collecting primary data, including observation, interviews, questionnaires, and schedules. It provides details on each method such as the steps involved, types or classifications, advantages, and disadvantages. The key methods covered are observation, where a researcher directly observes participants; interviews, which involve asking participants questions; questionnaires, which are forms mailed to participants to complete; and schedules, where an enumerator asks participants questions and records responses, similar to interviews.
This document discusses voltage sag mitigation using a static synchronous compensator (STATCOM). It begins with an introduction to power quality issues such as voltage sags and describes how STATCOM can improve power quality through shunt compensation. Various voltage sag mitigation techniques are reviewed, including ferroresonant transformers, dynamic voltage regulators, static VAR compensators, sag-proofing transformers, static transfer switches, and energy storage options. The document proposes implementing a STATCOM in an induction generator-driven wind farm to mitigate voltage sags caused by load conditions. Diagrams show the load voltage with and without sags, as well as models of the wind farm system both with and without the STATCOM.
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This presentation summarizes the key concepts of business ethics and social responsibility. It discusses how ethics relates to character and doing what benefits business owners, society, and stakeholders. The presentation covers common ethical dilemmas in business, how organizations can promote ethical behavior through codes of conduct and training, and the responsibilities of businesses to the public, customers, employees, investors, and society. It provides examples of how companies like NABARD, Bank of India, and BPCL demonstrate social responsibility. The conclusion emphasizes that businesses must operate profitably while also increasing social wealth.
This document discusses corporate social responsibilities (CSR). It provides several definitions and explanations of CSR. CSR is defined as a process by which companies manage their relationships with stakeholders to have a positive social impact. It involves using business strategies and processes to integrate economic, environmental and social objectives. CSR goes beyond legal obligations and involves voluntarily improving communities and society. Companies are expected to consider how their actions affect others and the environment. The document outlines the various dimensions of CSR including economic, legal, ethical, philanthropic and environmental responsibilities. It discusses the role of CSR in India including relevant laws and examples of CSR programs implemented by major Indian companies.
This document discusses corporate social responsibility (CSR). It defines CSR as a voluntary business initiative to contribute to society and the environment. The document outlines the objectives of CSR, including understanding its principles and benefits. It discusses CSR definitions, myths, legislation, initiatives, case studies and measuring performance. CSR is presented as beneficial for businesses through improved reputation, attracting customers and talent, and cost savings. The case studies provide examples of successful CSR programs and their positive outcomes for small and large companies.
This document discusses corporate social responsibility (CSR). It defines CSR as a voluntary business initiative to contribute to society and the environment. The document outlines the objectives of CSR, including understanding its principles and benefits. It discusses CSR definitions, myths, legislation, initiatives, case studies and measuring performance. CSR is presented as beneficial for businesses through improved reputation, attracting customers and talent, and cost savings. The document aims to demonstrate how CSR can positively impact companies.
This PowerPoint presentation discusses the concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR). It defines CSR as the obligations of businesses to contribute resources to solving social problems and acting in a socially responsible manner. The presentation outlines the main constituents of CSR as contributing to sustainable economic development, social change, improving the social environment, and overall societal development. It identifies the types of CSR as responsibilities towards shareholders, employees, consumers, society, and the government. The presentation also categorizes CSR into economic, legal, ethical, and discretionary responsibilities and discusses arguments both for and against businesses taking on CSR.
This document discusses corporate culture and ethics in relation to strategic management. It begins by defining corporate culture as the shared beliefs, values and expectations within an organization that influence employee behavior. It then discusses the importance of business ethics and values, noting they are needed for an organization's survival, protection of consumer rights, and consideration of societal interests. The document also explores how personal values and business ethics impact corporate strategy formulation, with manager's own preferences and priorities potentially influencing strategic decisions and objectives.
Corporate social responsibility (CSR) refers to business practices that benefit society. CSR is becoming more mainstream as companies embed sustainability into their core operations to create shared value for business and society. There are four types of CSR responsibilities - economic, legal, ethical, and discretionary. Implementing CSR best practices such as stakeholder engagement, sustainability reporting, and branding can help companies increase profits, reputation, and appeal to investors while also benefiting the environment and society. The latest CSR trends include greater transparency, investing in green technologies and employees, and acting locally. An effective CSR strategy focuses efforts in key interaction areas and finds partners that mutually benefit business and social goals.
“Business Ethics and CSR education towards building a holistic Business education program. How education can help elevate the business ethics situation in Bangladesh.
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Corporate social responsibility (CSR) can be defined in various ways, but generally refers to how companies manage their business processes to produce an overall positive impact on society. The document discusses three models for how companies approach CSR - the business case model, social values-led model, and syncretic stewardship model. The business case model views CSR primarily as a way to gain competitive advantages, the social values-led model makes social issues the main priority over economic goals, and the syncretic stewardship model seeks a balance between economic and social objectives. The document also examines how these models differ in their leadership philosophies, treatment of stakeholders, and organizational cultures related to uncertainty avoidance, assertiveness, and future orientation.
This document discusses strategies for small to medium enterprises (SMEs) to implement corporate social responsibility (CSR) planning. It identifies key stakeholders both internal and external and considers how to balance business goals with stakeholder needs. The document provides tools and guidance for SMEs on developing a CSR mission and messaging, implementing sustainable practices, engaging in multi-channel marketing and measuring the impact of CSR efforts. The overall aim is to help SMEs meet stakeholder needs while navigating CSR concepts.
The document provides an overview of Module 3 of a course on Technological Innovation Management and Entrepreneurship.
It discusses (1) the social responsibilities of business towards consumers, communities, employees, shareholders and the state, and the concept of social auditing. It also covers (2) the meaning and importance of entrepreneurship, characteristics of successful entrepreneurs, and the entrepreneurial development process. The module aims to educate students on social responsibilities of business and entrepreneurship.
Corporate social responsibility-Intro.pptxArshia81
The document discusses corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives by Nestle Pakistan and Coca-Cola in Pakistan. It defines CSR and discusses common CSR terms. It outlines Coca-Cola's sustainability commitments in areas like water, women, and well-being. It discusses CSR initiatives by other Pakistani brands and how consumers respond positively to companies that engage in CSR. The document explores reasons for companies to conduct CSR activities and considerations around prioritizing stakeholders and determining the nature and extent of corporate responsibility.
The document discusses business culture and corporate social responsibility. It defines business culture as the values, visions, working style, beliefs and habits that encompass an organization. It also discusses the meaning of culture, elements of culture like knowledge and beliefs, and how culture influences organizational behavior. The document then defines corporate social responsibility as companies integrating social and environmental concerns into their operations. It discusses the objectives, benefits, and limitations of CSR, as well as arguments for and against CSR. It outlines the four components of CSR as economic, legal, ethical and discretionary.
Business ethics is a branch of social science that deals with moral principles and values in business situations. It helps classify what is good and bad, and tells businesses to do good things and avoid harm. Business ethics provides a framework for conducting business within social, cultural, economic and legal limits. It is based on concepts like self-control, consumer protection, fair treatment, and not exploiting others. While business ethics should be voluntary, education and guidance are needed for its effective implementation.
The document discusses the social and cultural environment that businesses operate within. It defines the social environment as consisting of a society's beliefs, customs, and behaviors. The cultural environment refers to the prevailing norms and values that guide behavior. Businesses must understand and adapt to their external social and cultural environments in order to be successful. They must also carefully manage their internal social environments by building a positive organizational culture. The document outlines the various responsibilities businesses have towards shareholders, government, customers, employees, and society. It discusses the importance of ethics, social auditing, and corporate governance for businesses.
Challenges Of Corporate Social ResponsibilityElijah Ezendu
Issues in development of workable corporate social responsibility strategy and resolution of awe-inspiring stance for championing effective governance.
This document discusses business ethics and social responsibility. It defines business ethics as the standards governing conduct and decisions in the workplace. Factors that influence ethics include social responsibility, balancing profits with principles, and navigating unclear choices. Organizations shape ethics through codes of conduct, training, leadership, and culture. Businesses have social responsibilities to the public, customers, employees, and investors concerning issues like the environment, safety, diversity, and financial transparency.
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Canadian Archivists are not longer allowed to freely speak to the public unless their message is approved by the government. This presentation was sent to me in confidence by an archivist.
Similar to Organizational behaviour 1st sem notes for MBA (20)
This document discusses different methods for collecting primary data, including observation, interviews, questionnaires, and schedules. It provides details on each method such as the steps involved, types or classifications, advantages, and disadvantages. The key methods covered are observation, where a researcher directly observes participants; interviews, which involve asking participants questions; questionnaires, which are forms mailed to participants to complete; and schedules, where an enumerator asks participants questions and records responses, similar to interviews.
This document discusses voltage sag mitigation using a static synchronous compensator (STATCOM). It begins with an introduction to power quality issues such as voltage sags and describes how STATCOM can improve power quality through shunt compensation. Various voltage sag mitigation techniques are reviewed, including ferroresonant transformers, dynamic voltage regulators, static VAR compensators, sag-proofing transformers, static transfer switches, and energy storage options. The document proposes implementing a STATCOM in an induction generator-driven wind farm to mitigate voltage sags caused by load conditions. Diagrams show the load voltage with and without sags, as well as models of the wind farm system both with and without the STATCOM.
Working capital refers to funds used for day-to-day operations of a business. It includes current assets like inventory, receivables, cash, and prepaid expenses. Effective working capital management involves determining the appropriate level of current assets and arranging sources of short-term financing. Key aspects of working capital management include accounts receivable management through techniques like factoring, inventory management using methods such as determining economic order quantity and reorder levels, and evaluating sources of working capital.
The document discusses fundamental analysis for evaluating investment opportunities. It covers analyzing the economy, industries, and individual companies. For economic analysis, it examines factors like GDP, inflation, and interest rates. Industry analysis focuses on growth stage, competition level, and government policies. Company analysis evaluates management, financial statements, earnings forecasts, and financial/non-financial indicators. The goal is to identify sound investments with a reasonable expected return by studying the fundamentals.
This document provides information on technical analysis and its key concepts. It defines technical analysis as using past and current price and volume movements to predict future market direction. It discusses the assumptions of technical analysis and compares it to fundamental analysis. It then describes various charting methods used in technical analysis like bar charts, line charts, point and figure charts, and Japanese candlestick charts. It also covers chart patterns, efficient market theory, Dow theory, and random walk theory as related concepts in technical analysis.
This document defines key concepts related to portfolio management including portfolio, portfolio analysis, construction, and evaluation. A portfolio is a combination of different financial securities like stocks, bonds, and cash held by investors. Portfolio management involves identifying objectives, developing strategies, monitoring performance, and evaluating results. Portfolio analysis assesses the risks of an entity's business areas. Construction requires determining objectives and formulating investment strategies. Evaluation models like Sharpe ratio, Treynor ratio, and Jensen measure are used to assess risk-adjusted performance.
The document discusses capital budgeting, which refers to the planning process used to determine whether long-term investments are worth funding with cash. It defines capital budgeting, outlines its key characteristics and process, and describes various techniques used, including payback period, accounting rate of return, net present value, internal rate of return, and profitability index. It also discusses determining relevant cash flows, the cost of capital, and calculating the weighted average cost of capital.
Working capital refers to the capital required to meet the day-to-day operational expenses of a business like wages, raw materials, utilities etc. It consists of current assets like inventory, receivables, cash etc. Proper management of working capital involves determining the optimal level of current assets and liabilities and arranging sources to finance them. The key components of working capital to be managed are inventory, receivables and cash. Firms use various short-term financing options like bank finance, trade credit, commercial paper etc. to manage their working capital requirements.
The document discusses various concepts related to leverage, dividends, and dividend policy. It defines leverage as using assets and funds with fixed costs to increase shareholder returns. It also defines different types of leverage including operating, financial, and combined leverage and provides formulas to calculate them. The document also defines dividends and lists various sources and forms of dividends. Finally, it discusses dividend policy, factors affecting policy, and theories related to dividends proposed by Modigliani-Miller, Walter, and Gordon.
The document provides information on various aspects of the Indian capital market, including definitions of key terms like capital market, primary market, secondary market, and sources of long-term financing. It also discusses various capital market instruments like shares, debentures, term loans, leasing, hire purchase, venture capital, and private equity - outlining their meaning, types, advantages and disadvantages. The primary and secondary segments of the Indian capital market are described along with new issue market and stock market.
The document discusses key concepts in investment analysis including:
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2) Definitions of return, risk, systematic and unsystematic risk, beta which measures sensitivity to market returns, and alpha which measures performance independent of market returns.
3) The meanings of speculation which involves taking business risks for short term gains, and gambling which involves wagering without understanding the risks.
1. Substations receive power transmitted at high voltages from generating stations and transform the voltage to appropriate levels for local use while providing facilities for switching.
2. Typical components of a power plant substation include busbars, disconnectors, circuit breakers, current transformers, voltage transformers, earthing switches, and surge arrestors.
3. Substations are classified based on their function and location as generating, grid, secondary, distribution, and special purpose substations and based on physical features as indoor, outdoor, pole mounted, and underground substations.
The document presents a STATCOM control scheme for improving power quality in a grid-connected wind energy generation system. A battery energy storage system is integrated with the STATCOM to help stabilize the grid during fluctuations in wind power. The control scheme is simulated in MATLAB/Simulink. Results show the STATCOM is able to maintain unity power factor at the point of common coupling, reducing harmonics to below 0.01% and frequency oscillations to less than 1%. This allows the system to meet power quality standards while supporting the wind generator and loads on the grid.
This document discusses different types of substation bus schemes, including single bus, double bus with double or single breakers, main and transfer bus, ring bus, breaker-and-a-half with two main buses, and double bus-bar with bypass isolators. The choice of bus scheme depends on factors like safety, reliability, voltage level, simplicity of relaying, flexibility of operation, cost, maintenance needs, available land, and the location and provision of connecting lines and expansion. Seven common bus scheme types are described but not explained in detail.
1) Sub-stations are facilities that change characteristics of electric power such as voltage, frequency, and power factor. They receive power at one voltage and deliver it at another.
2) Sub-stations are classified based on their function (e.g. transformer, switching) and construction (e.g. indoor, outdoor). Transformer sub-stations change voltage levels while switching sub-stations perform switching without changing voltage.
3) Key equipment in sub-stations include transformers, circuit breakers, buses, insulators, and instrumentation transformers which step voltages/currents down for metering and protection. Proper layout and equipment are needed for safe and reliable power distribution.
1) Sub-stations are facilities that change characteristics of electric power supply like voltage, frequency, and current. They receive power at one voltage and deliver at another.
2) Sub-stations are classified by their service (e.g. transformer, switching) and construction (e.g. indoor, outdoor). Transformer sub-stations are the most common and change the voltage level.
3) Key equipment in sub-stations includes transformers, busbars, insulators, circuit breakers, and protection devices that allow safe transmission of power from high voltage lines to distribution networks.
The document provides information about transmission and distribution of electric power. It discusses key topics like:
- The historical development of AC and DC transmission systems.
- The basic structure of an electric power system including generation, transmission, and distribution.
- Different types of transmission lines like overhead lines and underground cables, and their characteristics.
- Components of transmission and distribution systems like towers, conductors, transformers and substations.
- High voltage direct current transmission including different technologies and applications.
- Mechanical design aspects of transmission lines including line supports, sag and tension calculations, and effects of wind and ice loading.
The document presents a wind-solar hybrid power generation system that aims to harness both wind and solar power, store the generated power in batteries, and design a charger for the batteries. The major advantage of the hybrid system is its enhanced reliability from combining solar and wind sources. It has low operating costs and high power quality. The block diagram shows the system design and it has applications for powering cell towers, rural areas, homes, and street lighting.
This document describes the design of a micro solar inverter. It begins with an abstract that outlines how the micro inverter converts DC power from a solar panel to AC power and is mounted directly behind the panel for simplified installation. It then provides details on solar power generation, characteristics of solar panels, and compares centralized string inverters to the proposed micro inverter system. The document concludes that micro inverters have been successful for residential use where space is limited, as they can produce AC power directly at the back of each panel.
Perception is how individuals interpret and organize their sensory impressions to make sense of their environment, but what we perceive can differ from objective reality. Managers need to understand how perception affects various aspects of managing employees. Perception influences motivation, as employees who are experiencing money troubles may perceive compensation issues differently. It also impacts hiring, as contrasts between job applicants can affect hiring decisions based on perceptions. Performance appraisals are highly dependent on the accuracy of a manager's perceptions of a subordinate's work.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
Physiology and chemistry of skin and pigmentation, hairs, scalp, lips and nail, Cleansing cream, Lotions, Face powders, Face packs, Lipsticks, Bath products, soaps and baby product,
Preparation and standardization of the following : Tonic, Bleaches, Dentifrices and Mouth washes & Tooth Pastes, Cosmetics for Nails.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)
Organizational behaviour 1st sem notes for MBA
1. MBA – 1st Semester
Management Concepts and Organisational Behaviour
Dr.P.G.Arul
Professor
Department of International Business
Pondicherry Univesity
Puducherry - 605014
Pondicherry University
Directorate of Distance Education
2. Unit: I
• Syllabus:
• Nature of Management - Social Responsibilities of
Business - Manager and Environment Levels
• in Management - Managerial Skills - Planning - Steps in
Planning Process - Scope and
• Limitations - Short Range and Long Range Planning -
Flexibility in Planning Characteristics of a
• sound Plan - Management by Objectives (MBO) -
Policies and Strategies - Scope and
• Formulation - Decision Making - Techniques and
Processes
15. Presentation – 2
Social Responsibilities of Business
Dr.P.G.Arul
Professor
Department of International
Business
Pondicherry University
Puducherry - 605014
18. Definition of Social Responsibilities of
Business
“Social Responsibilities refer to the obligation (of
Businessmen) to pursue those policies, to make
those decisions, or to follow those lines of
action which are desirable in terms of objectives
and values of our society”-Bowen
19. Growing Concern for Social Responsibilities
Social
Responsibilities
Public
Opinion
Trade Union
Movement
Consumerism
Education
Public
Relation
Managerial
Revolution
20. Rationale of Social Responsibility
Objectives of
Social
Responsibilit
y of Business
To Safeguard
Long-term
Interest
To Respond to
Social
Demands
To Avoid
Government
Intervention
To Improve
Public Image
To Recognise
Socio-cultural
norms
To Respect
Social
Conscious
22. Business Responsibilities towards
Shareholders (Owners)
• Fair return on Investment
▪ Safety of Investment
▪ Steady appreciation of investment
▪ Sharing of information about the
progress of business
23. Business Responsibilities towards
Employees
• ir wages and salaries
▪ Good and safe working condition
▪ Adequate service benefits
▪ Recognition of workers rights,
formation of trade union, collective
bargaining etc.,
▪ Opportunities for training and
promotion
▪ Workers participation in decision-
making
24. Business Responsibilities towards
Customers
▪ Regular supply of right quality goods at right time
and place
▪ Charge reasonable prices
▪ Supply goods that meet the needs of different
classes and tastes with different purchase power
▪ Prompt, adequate and continuous service
▪ Prompt redressal of customers grievances
▪ True and fair information through advertisements
▪ Avoid unfair and unethical practices like adulteration,
hoarding and black-marketing
25. Business Responsibilities towards Government
▪ To abide by the laws of the land
▪ To pay taxes honestly and in time
▪ To avoid corrupting public servants
▪ To encourage fair trade practices
▪ To avoid monopoly and concentration of
economic power
26. Business Responsibilities towards Community
▪ To make the best possible or efficient use of the
society’s resources
▪ To provide maximum possible employment
opportunities
▪ To keep the environment healthy and free from all
types of pollution
▪ To contribute to the up liftment of the weaker
sections of society
▪ To refrain from indulging in anti-social and unethical
practices
▪ To improve public health, education and cultural life
of the community
27. Arguments against Social
Responsibilities?
Arguments
Against Social
Responsibilities
of Business
Dilution of Profit
Maximisation
Loss of Incentives
Lack of Yardstick
Business Lacks
Social Skills
Power without
Accountability
Burden on
Consumers
Distortion of
Market Mechanism
29. How does the act define “CSR”?
The act defines CSR as activities that promote
poverty reduction, education, health,
environmental sustainability, gender equality,
and vocational skills development. Companies
can choose which area to invest in, or
contribute the amount to central or state
government funds earmarked for
socioeconomic development. While this
definition of CSR is broad and open to
interpretation, it clearly emphasizes corporate
philanthropy rather than strategic CSR. The act
does, however, specify that companies “shall
give preference to the local area and areas
around where it operates.”
30. Major CSR Activities of Companies in India
Sl.No. CSR Activities
1 Tree plantation drives
2 Sponsorship of sport events
3 Cleanliness campaigns
4 Health awareness campaigns
5 Employee training programs
6 Consumer awareness campaigns
7 Recycling of waste products
8 Quality control measures
9 Ethical business practices
10 Social audit
11 Preserving natural resources
12 Pollution control
13 Generation of employment for disabled
14 Scholarships for students
15 Social infrastructure
16 Computer education
17 Women empowerment
18 Help to victims of natural calamities
