This document discusses the concepts of organizational behavior and management, defining key terms such as organization, management, and managerial roles. It highlights the importance of various managerial skills and addresses contemporary challenges such as utilizing information technology, managing diverse workforces, and developing organizational ethics. Additionally, it explores strategies for enhancing performance through reengineering, restructuring, and outsourcing.

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ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR
AND MANAGEMENT
By Mostafa Ewees (PhD)
Stanford University

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What is an Organization?
An organization is a
collection of people
who work together
to achieve
individual and
organizational goals.

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CHAPTER 1 Organizational Behavior and Management
What is Organizational Behavior?
Organizational
behavior (OB) is the
study of factors that
affect how individuals
and groups act in
organizations and how
organizations manage
their environments.
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What is Management?
Management is the
process of planning,
organizing, leading,
and controlling an
organization’s human,
financial, material, and
other resources to
increase its
effectiveness.

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Managerial Roles
• Manager: Any person who supervises one or
more subordinates.
• Role: A set of behaviors or tasks a person is
expected to perform because of the position he or
she holds in a group or organization.
• Managerial roles identified by Mintzberg (see
Table 1.1):
Figurehead Leader
Liaison Monitor
Disseminator Spokesperson
Entrepreneur Disturbance handler
Resource allocator Negotiator

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Managerial Skills
• Conceptual Skills: The
ability to analyze and
diagnose a situation and
distinguish between cause
and effect.
• Human Skills: The ability to
understand, work with, lead,
and control the behavior of
other people and groups.
• Technical Skills: Job-specific
knowledge and
techniques.

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Challenges for Organizational Behavior
and Management
Using new information technology to enhance
creativity and organizational learning.
Managing human resources to increase
competitive advantage.
Developing organizational ethics and well-being.
Managing a diverse work force.
Managing the global environment.

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Challenge 1:
Using New Information Technology to
Enhance Creativity and Organizational Learning
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• Information technology: The
computer systems and software
that organizations use to speed
the flow of information around
an organization and to better link
people and subunits within it.
• Creativity: The decision-making
process that produces novel and
useful ideas that lead to new or
improved goods and services or
to improvements in the way they
are produced.

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New Ways to Increase Performance
• Reengineering: A complete rethinking and
redesign of business processes to increase
efficiency, quality, innovation, or responsiveness
to customers.
• Restructuring: Altering an organization’s
structure (e.g., by eliminating a department) to
streamline the organization’s operations and
reduce costs.
• Outsourcing: Acquiring goods or services from
sources outside the organization.
• Freelancers: Independent individuals who
contract with an organization to perform specific
services.

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Challenge 3
Developing Organizational Ethics and Well-Being
• Ethics: Rules, beliefs, and values that outline the
ways in which managers and workers should
behave when confronted with a situation in which
their actions may help or harm other people inside
of or outside an organization.
• Well-being: The condition of being happy,
healthy, and prosperous.
• Social responsibility: An organization’s moral
responsibility toward individuals or groups
outside the organization that are affected by its
actions.

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Diversity Challenges
Decision Making
and
Performance
Flexibility
Fairness
and
Justice