This document discusses key topics in organization theory, including challenges faced by large corporations like Xerox, IBM, and Microsoft. It covers issues such as responding to external stakeholders, coping with size and bureaucracy, power and politics, and managing innovation and change. Other topics include globalization, ethics, the impact of new technologies like e-commerce, and changing demographics in the workforce. The document establishes that organizations are social systems designed to achieve goals, and examines their technical core and various support functions. It also discusses open vs closed systems and different approaches to organization theory over time.

1. Ch -1
Organizations and Organization Theory
By
Kaleem A.Barlas

2. Xerox Corporation
IBM Corporation
Microsoft
Apple Computers

3. •Response to control;
•Competitors
•Creditors
•External environment
•Ability to implement strategic and structural changes Attain
effectiveness
•Ethical Lapses
•Coping with size and bureaucracy
•Power and politics
•Innovation and change

4. •Globalization
•Ethics and responsibility
•Enron inflated earnings and hid debts
•Executives profited handsomely co collapsed
•Speed of Responsiveness
•To environmental changes
•Organizational crises
•Shifting customers expectations
•Crisis management consequent upon terrorism
•Tough economy
•
•

5. •ICT
•E-commerce
•M-Commerce
•Virtual Net-works
•B2B
•B2C
•Dell customized services and products
Mercedes personalized sales
•Harvard University says business either “ Dell or Be
Delled”

6. •Global playing-field
•Work-force and customer base changing drastically
•Organizations have international face
•Today's average work-force is older with more women
•People of different color, creed, religion n culture
•Immigrants population increasing in developed
countries
•By 2050 85% of work-force will be women and people
of color
•Managing diversity , conflict, will be a challenge

7. •Organizations are ;
1 social entities that
2 Are goal oriented
3 Designed, structured and coordinated activity
systems
4 Are linked to the external environment
The key element of org. is not
Building
Policies
Procedures but people and their relationships n interaction

8. •Large
•Small
•Medium
•Manufacturing products like computers automobiles
•Providing services such as legal, banking, insurance
•Profit business direct efforts towards money making
•Non-profit business direct efforts towards social
impact

9. •Bring together resources to achieve desired goals and
outcomes
•Produce goods and services efficiently
•Facilitate innovation
•Use modern manufacturing n information technology
•Adapt to and influence a changing environment
•Create value for owners, customers and employees
•Accommodate on going challenges of diversity, ethics,
and the motivation n coordination of employees
•

10. Open system
•Interact with environment
•Consumes resources and export resources to the environment
•It is complex proactive
•Closed system
•Does not depend on environment
•It is re-active
•It is enclosed
•Sealed off from the out side world
•It focuses on internal systems, scientific management, leadership style,
and internal design

11. •Technical Core; people who do the basic work of the
organization
•Technical support; engineers, researchers, for
innovation, for change and adaptation
•Administrative support; includes HRM n HRD
•Managerial support; for organizing, implementing,
controlling, evaluating , rewarding and punishing

12. •Formulation ;
•Specialization ;
•Hierarchy ;
•Centralization ;
•Professionalization ;
•Personalization
•Personnel

13. •Size
•Organizational technology
•The environment
•Goals and strategy
•Culture

14. •Designed to achieve high performance
•Processes n standards
•Transform input to output n provide value
•Efficiency refers to amount of resources used to
achieve org. goals
•Effectiveness is the degree to which an organizations
achieves goals
•Ultimate performance depends on customer
satisfaction and cost of operations

15. •Historical perspective
•Efficiency is every thing
•How to get organized
•What about people

16. •Hierarchical approach
•Globalization approach
•Diversity
•Ethical concerns
•Rapid advances in technology
•E-business
•Knowledge management
•ICT management
•Brain HQ to Heart Centre

17. •From vertical to horizontal structure
•From routine tasks to empowered roles
•From controlled systems to shared information
•From competitive to collaborative strategy
•From rigid to adaptive culture

18. Discuss Structural Dimensions of Organization Design
Due Date Third Week