This document summarizes Asa Sproul's MSEE defense that took place on April 3rd, 2015. It introduces the advisory committee and provides background on wave energy technology and the research purpose. It then describes the testing methodology including the wave tank setup, power take-off system, and control methods. The results analyzed different capture widths and system losses. It concludes that the prototype demonstrated the control theory basis but that efficiency needs improvement for economic viability.
Wind Power History
Advantages & Disadvantages
Wind Turbine & Components
Power From Wind Mill
Swept area Of Wind Mill Rotor
Wind Speed Variation with Height
Density & Temperature Variation with Height
Global Wind Patterns
Wind Speed Measurements
Wind Speed Distribution
Weibull Probability Distributions
Wind Power History
Advantages & Disadvantages
Wind Turbine & Components
Power From Wind Mill
Swept area Of Wind Mill Rotor
Wind Speed Variation with Height
Density & Temperature Variation with Height
Global Wind Patterns
Wind Speed Measurements
Wind Speed Distribution
Weibull Probability Distributions
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Design & Analysis of a Helical Cross Flow TurbineAnish Anand
We investigate the flow past a cross flow hydrokinetic turbine (CFHT)in which a helical blade turns around a shaft perpendicular to the free stream under the hydrodynamic forces exerted by the flow. The ability of a cross flow turbine to rotate in the same direction independent of the water flow direction gives an advantage for hydrokinetic applications.
This type of turbine, while very different from the classical horizontal axis turbine commonly used in the wind energy field, presents advantages in the context of hydro kinetic energy harvesting, such as independence from current direction, including reversibility, stacking, and self-starting without complex pitch mechanisms.
In this presentation a brief introduction is given on parts of wind turbine, classification of wind turbines, importance of wind turbines, current status like installed capacity (annual and cumulative) . Then there is a explanation on theory behind the design of wind turbine blades i.e, AERODYNAMICS OF WIND TURBINES which includes explanation about shape of an aerofoil, its different parameters, lift force, drag force, different equations about lift drag force, NACA profiles, Blade Element Momentum Theory, etc.
Airfoil linear wind generator (alwg) as a novel wind energy extraction approachijmech
Linear wind generator (LWG) is a sufficient way of wind energy harnessing process. However, complicated
LWG energy extraction mechanism such as complex system for transferring linear motion to rotational
motion and problems related to changing the angle of attack is resulted to energy dissipation. In the other
hand the linear generator that delivers ocean wave energy to electricity has been developed as a new renewable energy extraction method. Some of the problems associated with this technology are corrosion,
high cost of manufacturing, high requirement for installation and construction, economical consideration,etc. In the most recent works, low dissipation energy in mechanism, low cost, simplicity and high performance are highly regarded as environmentally friendly methods for wind energy extraction mechanisms. In the current study, we would like to introduce a new and efficient method to extract wind energy using airfoil linear wind generator(ALWG). ALWG is a new method that produces liner reciprocating motion via attached airfoils to a mover in a magnetic field in order to generate electricity.The most important advantage of ALWG is its simplicity and its compatibility to all wind situations that can be more controllable relative to ocean-based and also relative to LWG that become challengeable problem.
An Overview of Wind Power Generation and Design Aspects in Indiaijiert bestjournal
There is huge activity in wind power,pan-India with the instal led capacity increasing to 10,000MW. India today has the fifth largest installed capacity of wind power in the world w ith 11087MW installed capacity and potential for on-shore capabilities of 65000MW. However the plant load factor (PLF) in wi nd power generation is very low,often in the single digits. The increase in interest in wind energy is due to inves tment subsidies,tax holidays,and government action towards renewable energy playing a big part in nation�s energy system. T here is a need to generate environment friendly power that not only raises energy efficiency and is sustainable too. The time has come for moving to generation based subsidies and understanding the drawbacks associated with wind power in India. The capital cost of wind power is third higher than Conventional thermal power;further electrical problems like v oltage flicker and variable frequency affect the implementation of wind farm. However advances in technologies such as offshore construction of wind turbines,advanced control methodologies,and simulation of wind energy affecting over all grid performance are making a case for wind energy.
This project of Maglev windmill on the implementation of an alternate configuration of a wind turbine for power generation purposes. Using the effects of magnetic repulsion, spiral shaped wind turbine blades will be fitted on a rod for stability during rotation and suspended on magnets as a replacement for ball bearings which are normally used on conventional wind turbines. Power will then be generated with an axial flux generator, which incorporates the use of permanent magnets and a set of coils.
Subscribe My Youtube Channel For More Support....
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCjI2ahxNNvYRc1X5hQIE78A
Algeria engages with determination on the path renewable energies to bring global and long-lasting
solutions to the environmental challenges and to the problems of conservation of the energy resources of
fossil origin. Our study is interested on the wind spinneret which seems one of the most promising with a
very high global growth rate. The object of this article is to estimate the wind deposit of the region of Oran
(Es Senia), important stage in any planning and realization of wind plant. In our work, we began with the
processing of schedules data relative to the wind collected over a period of more than 50 years, to evaluate
the wind potential while determining its frequencies. Then, we calculated the total electrical energy
produced at various heights with three types of wind turbines.The analysis of the results shows that the
wind turbines of major powers allow producing important quantities of energy when we increase the height
of their hubs to take advantage of stronger speeds of wind.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Design & Analysis of a Helical Cross Flow TurbineAnish Anand
We investigate the flow past a cross flow hydrokinetic turbine (CFHT)in which a helical blade turns around a shaft perpendicular to the free stream under the hydrodynamic forces exerted by the flow. The ability of a cross flow turbine to rotate in the same direction independent of the water flow direction gives an advantage for hydrokinetic applications.
This type of turbine, while very different from the classical horizontal axis turbine commonly used in the wind energy field, presents advantages in the context of hydro kinetic energy harvesting, such as independence from current direction, including reversibility, stacking, and self-starting without complex pitch mechanisms.
In this presentation a brief introduction is given on parts of wind turbine, classification of wind turbines, importance of wind turbines, current status like installed capacity (annual and cumulative) . Then there is a explanation on theory behind the design of wind turbine blades i.e, AERODYNAMICS OF WIND TURBINES which includes explanation about shape of an aerofoil, its different parameters, lift force, drag force, different equations about lift drag force, NACA profiles, Blade Element Momentum Theory, etc.
Airfoil linear wind generator (alwg) as a novel wind energy extraction approachijmech
Linear wind generator (LWG) is a sufficient way of wind energy harnessing process. However, complicated
LWG energy extraction mechanism such as complex system for transferring linear motion to rotational
motion and problems related to changing the angle of attack is resulted to energy dissipation. In the other
hand the linear generator that delivers ocean wave energy to electricity has been developed as a new renewable energy extraction method. Some of the problems associated with this technology are corrosion,
high cost of manufacturing, high requirement for installation and construction, economical consideration,etc. In the most recent works, low dissipation energy in mechanism, low cost, simplicity and high performance are highly regarded as environmentally friendly methods for wind energy extraction mechanisms. In the current study, we would like to introduce a new and efficient method to extract wind energy using airfoil linear wind generator(ALWG). ALWG is a new method that produces liner reciprocating motion via attached airfoils to a mover in a magnetic field in order to generate electricity.The most important advantage of ALWG is its simplicity and its compatibility to all wind situations that can be more controllable relative to ocean-based and also relative to LWG that become challengeable problem.
An Overview of Wind Power Generation and Design Aspects in Indiaijiert bestjournal
There is huge activity in wind power,pan-India with the instal led capacity increasing to 10,000MW. India today has the fifth largest installed capacity of wind power in the world w ith 11087MW installed capacity and potential for on-shore capabilities of 65000MW. However the plant load factor (PLF) in wi nd power generation is very low,often in the single digits. The increase in interest in wind energy is due to inves tment subsidies,tax holidays,and government action towards renewable energy playing a big part in nation�s energy system. T here is a need to generate environment friendly power that not only raises energy efficiency and is sustainable too. The time has come for moving to generation based subsidies and understanding the drawbacks associated with wind power in India. The capital cost of wind power is third higher than Conventional thermal power;further electrical problems like v oltage flicker and variable frequency affect the implementation of wind farm. However advances in technologies such as offshore construction of wind turbines,advanced control methodologies,and simulation of wind energy affecting over all grid performance are making a case for wind energy.
This project of Maglev windmill on the implementation of an alternate configuration of a wind turbine for power generation purposes. Using the effects of magnetic repulsion, spiral shaped wind turbine blades will be fitted on a rod for stability during rotation and suspended on magnets as a replacement for ball bearings which are normally used on conventional wind turbines. Power will then be generated with an axial flux generator, which incorporates the use of permanent magnets and a set of coils.
Subscribe My Youtube Channel For More Support....
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCjI2ahxNNvYRc1X5hQIE78A
Algeria engages with determination on the path renewable energies to bring global and long-lasting
solutions to the environmental challenges and to the problems of conservation of the energy resources of
fossil origin. Our study is interested on the wind spinneret which seems one of the most promising with a
very high global growth rate. The object of this article is to estimate the wind deposit of the region of Oran
(Es Senia), important stage in any planning and realization of wind plant. In our work, we began with the
processing of schedules data relative to the wind collected over a period of more than 50 years, to evaluate
the wind potential while determining its frequencies. Then, we calculated the total electrical energy
produced at various heights with three types of wind turbines.The analysis of the results shows that the
wind turbines of major powers allow producing important quantities of energy when we increase the height
of their hubs to take advantage of stronger speeds of wind.
Emerging trends in Renewable Energy SourcesShrutikaHajare
Renewable Energy Sources are becoming the great source of energy for each and every sector. It's number of advantages has made it, a great alternative over conventional energy sources. Therefore, the great demand of renewable energy sources signifies it's importance and necessity.
Crossflow turbine design specifications for hhaynu micro-hydropower plant, Mb...dngoma
Micro-hydropower plants are very applicable in rural and off-grid areas where water resources become available. This is because they can be installed with fraction of the cost as compared to large hydropower plants or even grid extension. Also in rural and off-grid areas, the population density is small and very sparsely distributed which makes it un-economical for the development of large electricity supply projects. In this case
the mini and micro energy projects are the suitable technology to be used to supply power to the consumer load demand in the rural and off-grid areas. One of the sustainable ways to do is to use the available water resources like small rivers to develop micro-hydropower plants. The effective use of water from local rivers to develop micro-hydropower plants have proven to be sustainable way of electricity generation. But despite all these positive outcomes, studies have shown that many of the available rural areas micro-hydropower potential sites are facing reduced water volumetric flow due to irrigation activities and also lack high site heads due to the nature of the landscape. In this case, the development of a micro-hydropower for electricity generation is limited to specific type of hydro turbine technology called crossflow turbine. This is because this type turbine technology can accommodate wider range of flow discharge and head values in the micro and mini scale of hydropower technology range. The crossflow turbines can also be manufactured locally and adapted to the local rural environments and also have been proven to be very robust with less operational and maintenance costs. Thus why there is a need to customize this technology in the local rural area in terms of turbine design in order to standardize the local manufacturing and this is the main motivation that this design study have been addressing.
Crossflow turbine design specifications for hhaynu micro hydropower plant, mb...dngoma
Micro-hydropower plants are very applicable in rural and off-grid areas where water resources become
available. This is because they can be installed with fraction of the cost as compared to large hydropower
plants or even grid extension. Also in rural and off-grid areas, the population density is small and very sparsely
distributed which makes it un-economical for the development of large electricity supply projects. In this case
the mini and micro energy projects are the suitable technology to be used to supply power to the consumer
load demand in the rural and off-grid areas. One of the sustainable ways to do is to use the available water
resources like small rivers to develop micro-hydropower plants. The effective use of water from local rivers to
develop micro-hydropower plants have proven to be sustainable way of electricity generation. But despite all
these positive outcomes, studies have shown that many of the available rural areas micro-hydropower potential
sites are facing reduced water volumetric flow due to irrigation activities and also lack high site heads due to
the nature of the landscape. In this case, the development of a micro-hydropower for electricity generation is
limited to specific type of hydro turbine technology called crossflow turbine. This is because this type turbine
technology can accommodate wider range of flow discharge and head values in the micro and mini scale of
hydropower technology range. The crossflow turbines can also be manufactured locally and adapted to the local
rural environments and also have been proven to be very robust with less operational and maintenance costs.
Thus why there is a need to customize this technology in the local rural area in terms of turbine design in order to
standardize the local manufacturing and this is the main motivation that this design study have been addressing.
Crossflow turbine design specifications for hhaynu micro-hydropower plant, Mb...Daniel Ngoma
Micro-hydropower plants are very applicable in rural and off-grid areas where water resources become available. This is because they can be installed with fraction of the cost as compared to large hydropower plants or even grid extension. Also in rural and off-grid areas, the population density is small and very sparsely distributed which makes it un-economical for the development of large electricity supply projects. In this case the mini and micro energy projects are the suitable technology to be used to supply power to the consumer load demand in the rural and off-grid areas. One of the sustainable ways to do is to use the available water resources like small rivers to develop micro-hydropower plants. The effective use of water from local rivers to develop micro-hydropower plants have proven to be sustainable way of electricity generation. But despite all these positive outcomes, studies have shown that many of the available rural areas micro-hydropower potential sites are facing reduced water volumetric flow due to irrigation activities and also lack high site heads due to the nature of the landscape. In this case, the development of a micro-hydropower for electricity generation is limited to specific type of hydro turbine technology called crossflow turbine. This is because this type turbine technology can accommodate wider range of flow discharge and head values in the micro and mini scale of hydropower technology range. The crossflow turbines can also be manufactured locally and adapted to the local rural environments and also have been proven to be very robust with less operational and maintenance costs. Thus why there is a need to customize this technology in the local rural area in terms of turbine design in order to standardize the local manufacturing and this is the main motivation that this design study have been addressing.
Power Generation Using Piezoelectric TransducerIJERA Editor
The most basic need of today’s world is energy which is non-renewable source of energy available on earth. The
need is increasing day by day, to overcome this there is requirement of energy harvesting. This paper attempts
to show how man has been utilizing and optimizing kinetic energy. Current work also illustrates the working
principle of piezoelectric crystal and various sources of vibration for the crystal. “The idea of energy harvesting
is applicable to sensors as well as transducers that are placed and operated on some entities for a long time to
replace the sensor module batteries. Such sensors are commonly called self-powered sensors.” Embarked
piezoelectric transducer, which is an electromechanical converter, undergoes mechanical vibrations therefore
produce electricity. This power source has many applications as in agriculture, home application and street
lighting and as energy source for sensors in remote locations
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Created by Mohan K M, Ganesh C, Yerriswamy
Technology used: Microsoft power point, Excel, Multisim, Proteus, AutoCAD, Solid edge, Arduino.
As a final year project in PESIT Bangalore
DESIGN & ANALYSIS OF MAGNETIC REPULSION VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINEPresentation7709437978
FINAL YEAR ENGINEERING. PROJECT ON DESIGN & ANALYSIS OF MAGNETIC REPULSION VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINE.
We intend to use the cheapest available sources as raw material for constructing a power generation VAWT’s unit which can be used as a source of electricity for Powering so as to make it cost-effective. Analysis of VAWT includes
DESIGN & ANALYSIS OF MAGNETIC REPULSION VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINEPresentation
Oral Presentation
1. Asa Sproul
MSEE Defense
April 3rd, 2015
Advisory Committee:
Duane C. Hanselman, Associate Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Advisor
Bruce E. Segee, Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Nathan D. Weise , Assistant Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Marquette University
4. • Ocean wave energy is highly underutilized
• 15-20x more available energy/m2 than wind or solar
• Estimated 8000-80,000 TWh/yr available throughout ocean
• Economical viability for capture not yet achieved
April 3rd, 2015 Asa Sproul 4
Background
5. • WEC: Wave Energy Converter
• Mechanical structures absorb wave power
• Power capturing structure coupled with generator
• Maximum capture through mechanical resonance
• Can operate in various water depths
April 3rd, 2015 Asa Sproul 5
What is a WEC?
7. • Wave Dragon:
• PowerBuoy:
April 3rd, 2015 Asa Sproul 7
Technology Under Development con’t
8. • No universal design converged upon
• Find viable control method of novel prototype
• Maximize mechanical efficiency
• Provide groundwork for large-scale device
April 3rd, 2015 Asa Sproul 8
Research Purpose
10. • 𝐹 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑅𝑥 + 𝑆𝑥
• Can be compared with power
absorbing structure of WEC
• Provides basis for control
• 𝐹 = 𝐹𝑤𝑎𝑣𝑒
April 3rd, 2015 Asa Sproul 10
Linearized Wave Equation
11. • 𝐹𝑔𝑒𝑛 = 𝑚 𝑔𝑒𝑛 𝑥 + 𝑅 𝑔𝑒𝑛 𝑥 + 𝑆 𝑔𝑒𝑛 𝑥
• 𝐹𝑔𝑒𝑛 ∝ 𝑇𝑔𝑒𝑛 ∝ 𝐼𝑔𝑒𝑛
• Current controller may be used
• Controller input based on acceleration, speed, and position
April 3rd, 2015 Asa Sproul 11
Assisted Movement
14. • Typically expressed as available power per meter crest length
• 𝑃 𝑤𝑎𝑣𝑒,𝑚𝑐𝑙 =
1
8
𝜌𝑔𝐻2 𝑐 𝑔
• Equation takes 3 forms
1. Shallow
2. Intermediate
3. Deep
• Equation form depends on water depth and wavelength
April 3rd, 2015 Asa Sproul 14
Wave Power
𝜌 = mass density of liquid
𝑔 = acceleration due to gravity
𝐻 = peak-to-trough wave height
𝑐 𝑔 = wave’s group velocity
15. • Means of measuring efficiency and economic viability
• Defined as “The width of the wavefront (assuming uni-
directional waves) that contain the same amount of power as
that absorbed by the WEC.” Price et al., 2009
• 𝐶𝑊 =
𝑃 𝑎𝑏𝑠𝑜𝑟𝑏𝑒𝑑
𝑃 𝑤𝑎𝑣𝑒,𝑚𝑐𝑙
April 3rd, 2015 Asa Sproul 15
Capture Width
17. • 120’ long, 12’ wide, 8’ deep
• Programmable wave maker
• Wave Staff
April 3rd, 2015 Asa Sproul 17
UNH Chase Laboratory Wave Tank
18. • Mounted frame
• Vessel facing
wave maker
• Wave attenuator
at far end
April 3rd, 2015 Asa Sproul 18
Device Setup
19. • Motor/generator
• Brushed DC
• Coupled with gearbox
• Controlled from control
platform
April 3rd, 2015 Asa Sproul 19
Power Take Off
20. • CUSP Educational Lab Inverter
• MATLAB, Simulink, dSPACE
April 3rd, 2015 Asa Sproul 20
Hardware and Software
21. • Determine optimal control technique
• Validate wave front parallel configuration
• Operate device as intended for structural considerations
• Analyze system losses
• Provide groundwork for ongoing development
April 3rd, 2015 Asa Sproul 21
Objectives
22. • Wave height and wave period
• Control methods
– Damping control
– Damping + inertial control
• Added mass
• Plate angle
• Frictional correction
April 3rd, 2015 Asa Sproul 22
Test Variables
26. • Stationary frame will be floating at full scale
• Capture width needs further improvement
• Prototype should be optimized to panchromatic conditions
• Other control strategies should be tested
April 3rd, 2015 Asa Sproul 26
Things to Consider
27. • Direct drive would eliminate frictional losses due to gearbox
• Generator optimized for low speed
• Generator optimized for high torque
• Brushless DC would provide better efficiency than brushed
April 3rd, 2015 Asa Sproul 27
Power Take Off Improvements
31. • RTI F2 tested
• Efficiency maximized through control
• Linear wave theory basis of control theory
• Sufficient test data captured for analysis and
improvements
April 3rd, 2015 Asa Sproul 31
Overview
32. • RTI working on next set of prototypes
• RTI F2S and RTI F2DS
• Utilize swingarm and dual swingarm configurations
• Better economic feasibility
• Stronger structures
April 3rd, 2015 Asa Sproul 32
Future Models
33. • Nathan Weise
• Duane Hanselman
• Bruce Segee
• John Rohrer
• Sean Lewis
• Matt Rowell
• Matt Hall
• Lance Doiron
• Arjun Prabu
• Adam Nickerson
• Lonnie Labonte
• Sara Lemik
April 3rd, 2015 Asa Sproul 33
Special Thanks
35. • J. Vining and A. Muetze, “Economic factors and incentives for ocean wave energy conversion,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 45, pp. 547–
554, March 2009. Slide 4
• http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/26/Maine_Black_Bears_Logo.svg/1280px-Maine_Black_Bears_Logo.svg.png Black
Bear image on section headers
• N. Ahmed and M. Mueller, “Impact of airflow impingment on heat transfer from induction generators in oscillating water columns,” in Proc.
International Conference on Power Electronics, Machines and Drives (PEMD), pp. 1–6, March 2012. LIMPET picture
• N. Muller, S. Kouro, J. Glaria, and M. Malinowski, “Medium-voltage power converter interface for wave dragon wave energy conversion
system,” in Proc. IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), pp. 352–358, Sept 2013. Wave Dragon picture
• R. Yemm, D. Pizer, C. Retzler, and R. Henderson, “Pelamis: experience from concept to connection,” Philosophical Transactions of the
Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, vol. 370, no. 1959, pp. 365–380, 2012. Pelamis picture
• A. F. de O. Falco, “Wave energy utilization: A review of the technologies,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 14, no. 3, pp.
899 – 918, 2010. Power Buoy picture
• J. Falnes, Ocean Waves and Oscillating Systems. Cambridge University Press, 2002. Mass Spring Damper picture
April 3rd, 2015 Asa Sproul 35
References