This document defines health education and health promotion. Health education is defined as imparting information to motivate individuals to protect their own health. It has cognitive, affective, and behavioral objectives. Approaches include regulatory, administrative, educational, and primary healthcare. Models include medical, motivation, and social intervention. Principles include credibility, interest, participation, and reinforcement. Methods include individual, group, and mass approaches. Health promotion aims to enable individuals to increase control over their health and was defined by the Ottawa Charter. It focuses on building healthy public policy, supportive environments, community action, personal skills, and health service orientation.

3. INTRODUCTION

The process of imparting information about
health in such a way that the recipient is
motivated to use that information for the
protection or advancement of his own, his
family’s or his community’s health.

4. DEFINITION

“Health education or literacy represents the
cognitive and social skills which determine the
motivation and ability of individuals to gain access
to, understand and use information in ways which
promote and maintain good health.”
-WHO Health promotion Glossary, 1998

5. OBJECTIVES
Informing people (Cognitive objective)
Motivating people (Affective objective)
Guiding into action (Behavioral objective)
FINAL GOAL

6. APPROACHES
TO ACHIEVE HEALTH
1.
Regulatory or legal approach
2.
Administrative or service approach
3.
Educational approach
4.
Primary health care approach

7. MODELS
OF HEALTH EDUCATION

Medical model

Motivation model

Social intervention model

8. PRINCIPLES
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
OF HEALTH EDUCATION
Credibility
Interest
Participation
Motivation
Comprehension
Reinforcement
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Learning by doing
Known to unknown
Setting an example
Good human
relations
Feedback
Community leaders

9. STAGES
IN THE ADOPTION OF
NEW IDEAS AND PRACTICES
Trial
Evaluation
Interest
Awareness
Unawareness

10. HEALTH

COMMUNICATION
“a key strategy to inform the public about
health concerns and to maintain important health
issues on the public agenda. The use of the mass
and multimedia and other technological
innovations to disseminate useful health
information to the public, increases awareness of
specific aspects of individual and collective
health as well as importance of health in
development.”
-WHO Health promotion Glossary, 1998

11. EDUCATIONAL
AIDS USED
IN HEALTH EDUCATION

Main constituent of the armamentarium of the
health education process.

Auditory aids

Visual aids

A combination of audio-visual aids.

12. METHODS
OF HEALTH EDUCATION
1.
INDIVIDUAL APPROACH
2.
GROUP APPROACH
3.
MASS APPROACH

14. DEFINITION

“the process of enabling people to
increase control over, and to improve their
health”.
-Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion,
1st International Conference on
Health Promotion, Ottawa, 21-Nov-1986

15. Five priority action areas for health promotion:
1.
Building healthy public policy
2.
Creating supporting environments for health
3.
Strengthening community action for health
4.
Developing personal skills
5.
Re-orienting health services

16. APPROACHES
TO HEALTH PROMOTION
1.
Preventive
2.
Behavior change
3.
Educational
4.
Empowerment
5.
Social change

18. 


Makes use of law made by govt. to protect health of public
Examples :
 Epidemic Disease Act
 Pollution Act
 Food Adulteration act
 Environmental Act
Drawbacks :



Applicable only in limited situations
May not alter the behavior of the individual
These laws are not democratic since they
interfere with an individual’s personal
choices
--------------------------------------------

19. 

It intends to provide all the heath facilities to
the people with the hope that they will use it.
Drawbacks:
It becomes a failure if the service is not based
on the felt needs of the people.
--------------------------------------------

20. Most effective means for achievement of
changes in the health practices and life-styles of
the community.
 Learning new “facts”, “unlearning” wrong
information.
 Results may be slow, but they are permanent and
enduring.
 Sufficient time should be allowed.

--------------------------------------------

21. Involves full participation and active involvement
of the people.
 Based on the principles of primary health care
Community participation

--------------------------------------------

22. a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)

Megaphones
Public addressing systems or microphones
Gramophone records and discs
Tape recorders
Radios
Sound amplifiers
Can also be used for entertainment and mass
communication.
--------------------------------------------

23. b)
a)
Non-Projected
Projected aids: aids:
 Films or Cinemas
 Blackboard
 Film Strips
 Pictures, cartoons, photographs
 Slides posters
 Charts,
 Overhead Projectors /or Transparencies
 Flip charts, flashboards
 Bioscopes
 Flannel boards
 Video cassettes
 Printed materials
 Silent films
 Model, specimens
--------------------------------------------

24. Creates a better presentation….
 They include:
 Televisions
 Tape and slide combinations
 Video cassettes players
and recorders
 Motion pictures or cinemas
 Multimedia computers
 Also include traditional media
 Folk dances
 Folk songs
 Puppet shows
 Dramas

--------------------------------------------

25. Advantages:
 Can be done in a dentist’s consultation room.
 Discussion, argument and persuasion of an
individual to change his behavior is possible.
 There is opportunity for the individual for asking
Disadvantages:
questions and clearing doubts.
 Only a small no. can benefit
 Health education is given only to those who come
in contact with the dental surgeon or with public
health personnel
--------------------------------------------
----

26. a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
Chalk and talk (lectures)
Symposium
Group Discussions
Panel discussions
Workshop
Conferences or seminars
Role playing/socio dramas
Demonstrations
--------------------------------------------

27. a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
Television
Radio
Newspapers/press
Documentary films
Posters
Health exhibition
Health magazines
Information booklets
Internet
--------------------------------------------