This document discusses Oracle database backup and recovery. It covers the need for backups, different types of backups including full, incremental, physical and logical. It describes user-managed backups and RMAN-managed backups. For recovery, it discusses restoring from backups and applying redo logs to recover the database to a point in time. Flashback recovery is also mentioned.
What to Expect From Oracle database 19cMaria Colgan
The Oracle Database has recently switched to an annual release model. Oracle Database 19c is only the second release in this new model. So what can you expect from the latest version of the Oracle Database? This presentation explains how Oracle Database 19c is really 12.2.0.3 the terminal release of the 12.2 family and the new features you can find in this release.
Oracle Data Guard ensures high availability, disaster recovery and data protection for enterprise data. This enable production Oracle databases to survive disasters and data corruptions. Oracle 18c and 19c offers many new features it will bring many advantages to organization.
I will be sharing simple SQL queries that will help you manage Oracle database users.
Article full link is here: https://www.support.dbagenesis.com/post/oracle-user-management
This ppt helps people who would like to present their industrial training presentation on Oracle 11g DBA.
This one includes all the operations that dba has to be perform and some other internal concepts of Oracle.
This PPT is all about Fast Start Failover DataGuard and it will also helps you to easily understand basics of Fast Start Failover DataGuard in Oracle 12c.
in this PPT I have covered topics as below :
1.FSFO(Fast_Start Failover)
2.Dataguard
3.Types of Dataguard
4.Protection Modes
5.FSFO with physical Standby
6.Dataguard Broker
7.Observer Process.
Get answers to the real time Oracle Golden gate interview questions!
Here is the link for full article: https://www.support.dbagenesis.com/post/oracle-golden-gate-interview-questions
ORACLE 12C DATA GUARD: FAR SYNC, REAL-TIME CASCADE STANDBY AND OTHER GOODIESLudovico Caldara
The new release of Oracle Database has come with many new exciting enhancements for the High Availability.
This whitepaper introduces some new Data Guard features. Among various enhancements, special attention will be given to
the new Far Sync Instance and the Real-Time Cascade Standby.
Oracle RAC is an option to the Oracle Database Enterprise Edition. At least, this is what it is known for. This presentation shows the many ways in which the stack, which is known as Oracle RAC can be used in the most efficient way for various use cases.
What to Expect From Oracle database 19cMaria Colgan
The Oracle Database has recently switched to an annual release model. Oracle Database 19c is only the second release in this new model. So what can you expect from the latest version of the Oracle Database? This presentation explains how Oracle Database 19c is really 12.2.0.3 the terminal release of the 12.2 family and the new features you can find in this release.
Oracle Data Guard ensures high availability, disaster recovery and data protection for enterprise data. This enable production Oracle databases to survive disasters and data corruptions. Oracle 18c and 19c offers many new features it will bring many advantages to organization.
I will be sharing simple SQL queries that will help you manage Oracle database users.
Article full link is here: https://www.support.dbagenesis.com/post/oracle-user-management
This ppt helps people who would like to present their industrial training presentation on Oracle 11g DBA.
This one includes all the operations that dba has to be perform and some other internal concepts of Oracle.
This PPT is all about Fast Start Failover DataGuard and it will also helps you to easily understand basics of Fast Start Failover DataGuard in Oracle 12c.
in this PPT I have covered topics as below :
1.FSFO(Fast_Start Failover)
2.Dataguard
3.Types of Dataguard
4.Protection Modes
5.FSFO with physical Standby
6.Dataguard Broker
7.Observer Process.
Get answers to the real time Oracle Golden gate interview questions!
Here is the link for full article: https://www.support.dbagenesis.com/post/oracle-golden-gate-interview-questions
ORACLE 12C DATA GUARD: FAR SYNC, REAL-TIME CASCADE STANDBY AND OTHER GOODIESLudovico Caldara
The new release of Oracle Database has come with many new exciting enhancements for the High Availability.
This whitepaper introduces some new Data Guard features. Among various enhancements, special attention will be given to
the new Far Sync Instance and the Real-Time Cascade Standby.
Oracle RAC is an option to the Oracle Database Enterprise Edition. At least, this is what it is known for. This presentation shows the many ways in which the stack, which is known as Oracle RAC can be used in the most efficient way for various use cases.
Oracle Database Backup Recovery demystified. In this presentation I have given step by step Oracle database failures and there Recovery using user managed and RMAN backup.Please comment if you like it for the appreciation so that I can launch more.
La sauvegarde de vos données est essentielle à la pérennité de votre entreprise.
Le choix d'une infrastructure et une stratégie de sauvegarde sont essentiels pour garantir la pérennité et la récupération des données.
Track 2 - Atelier 1 - Big data analytics présenté avec IntelAmazon Web Services
En savoir plus sur les outils, techniques et technologies pour travailler de manière productive avec des données à n'importe quelle échelle. Vous découvrirez la gamme d'outils d'analyse des données disponible sur AWS et que vous pouvez utiliser pour collecter, stocker, analyser et partager vos données, pour des volumes allant du giga-octets au péta-octets (1024 tera-octets). Nous discuterons d’Amazon Elastic MapReduce, d’Hadoop, de données structurées et non structurées, et des types d'instances Amazon EC2 qui permettent des analyses hautes performances à coûts optimisés.
Le stockage à la mode cloud est partout. Quels en sont les principes ? Quelles sont les différentes techniques du stockage à la demande ? Comment optimiser ce stockage en cloud hybride ?
Speakers : François Tonic (Programmez! / cloudmagazine.fr ), Thomas Varlet (Microsoft), Philippe Berthot (Microsoft France)
Oracle database hot backup and recoveryArun Sharma
Oracle database hot backup and recovery process. Please note that this method is no longer used in real-time as RMAN does way better job at database backup & recovery.
This is just good to know activity but do not implement it in real time. Knowing how Oracle hot backup and recovery process works, it helps you understand Oracle RMAN better.
Here is the full link of article: https://www.support.dbagenesis.com/post/oracle-database-hot-backup-and-recovery
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
1. Oracle Backup and Recovery
Created By: Saurabh Kulkarni
www.yogijicreations.com
2. Index
Backup and Need of it
Different types of backup
Hot vs cold
Full vs incremental
Physical vs logical
User Managed backup
RMAN
Database recovery
User managed
RMAN based
Flashback Recovery
www.yogijicreations.com
3. Backup
What do we mean by database
backup ?
The process of periodically taking a copy of the database and
log file (and possibly programs) onto offline storage media.
A backup is a copy of data.
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4. Need of taking backup
Instance Failures
instance shuts down without synchronizing all the
database files to the same system change number (SCN)
A few causes for instance failure:
A power outage
A server hardware failure
Failure of an Oracle background process
Emergency shutdown procedures (intentional power outage
or SHUTDOWN ABORT)
Solution :STARTUP Database and let
Oracle automatically perform instance
recovery using the online redo logs and
undo data in the undo tablespace.
www.yogijicreations.com
5. Need of taking backup
User Error Failures
Inadvertently delete or modify data in
tables or drop an index.
the DROP TABLE command worked fine,
but you really didn’t want to drop that
table!
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6. Media Failures
The loss of one or more database files
(Datafiles, Control files, redo log files)
The database file can be lost or
corrupted for a number of reasons:
Failure of a disk drive
Failure of a disk controller
Inadvertent deletion or corruption of a
database file
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7. Different types of backup
techniques
Hot or On-line Backups
backup of one or more database files
while the database is open
Inconsistent !!!
Mismatch in SCN
SCN ( System change Number):
A stamp that defines a committed version of a database at a point
in time.
Oracle assigns every committed transaction a unique SCN.
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8. Different types of backup
techniques
In 24 X 7 environment
Database should be in ARCHIVELOG
mode
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9. Different types of backup
techniques
Cold /offline Backup
Backing up the database when it is
closed (shutdown state).
Consistent
No need of recovery because the data is
already consistent.
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10. Different types of backup
techniques
Whole database backups
Tablespace Backups
Datafile Backups
www.yogijicreations.com
11. Different types of backup
techniques
Full Backup
Incremental Backup
Differential Incremental Backup
Cumulative Incremental Backup
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14. User-Managed Backups
The basic user-managed backup strategy is to make periodic
backups of datafiles and archived logs with operating system
commands.
Logical or physical.
Physical: Backup of physical file structure (datafiles, control
files..)
Logical: backups of logical objects such as tables, views…
Export / Import utility is used to take logical backup and
restore it back.
www.yogijicreations.com
15. Basic Backup Methodology
Identify the datafiles, control files, and archived redo logs to be
backed up by querying dynamic performance views or data
dictionary tables
Use an operating system command such as the
UNIX cp command to back up datafiles and archived redo logs
Use a SQL statement to back up the control file
Use an operating system command such as the
UNIX cp command to back up configuration files
www.yogijicreations.com
18. The RMAN
Oracle provided utility for backing-up,
restoring and recovering Oracle Databases
Doesn't require a separate installation.
Off-line and on-line database backups.
Can not write directly to tape.
3rd-party tools (like Veritas, Omiback) can
integrate with RMAN to handle tape library
management.
Only compatible with Oracle release 8.0 or
higher
www.yogijicreations.com
20. RMAN features
Compress backups of datafiles so that only those data
blocks that have been written to are included in a
backup
Store frequently executed backup and recovery
operations in scripts.
Perform incremental backups
Create a duplicate production database for testing
purpose
printable message log of all backup and recovery
operations.
Recovery catalog automates both restore and
recovery operations
Perform crosschecks
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21. RMAN Backup Concepts
Server-managed backup
Can back up entire database, all
datafiles in a tablespace, selected
datafiles, control files, archived redo
log files
www.yogijicreations.com
23. RMAN: Backup techniques
Image File
Archived
Log file
Datafile
3
Copy of datafile 3
Copy of archived log
Datafile
3
Archived
Log file
Control
file
Control
file
Copy of control file
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24. RMAN: Backup techniques
Backup Set
Backup
set 1
Backup
set 2
Backup
set 3
Datafile
1
Datafile
2
Datafile
3
Datafile
4
Control
file
Datafile
4
Control
file
Datafile
1
Datafile
2
Datafile
3
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25. Backup Set
Usually contain more than one file.
Can be written to a disk or tape.
Required to extract files for restoration
Can be incremental or full.
Do not include never-used blocks.
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26. Backup Piece
A backup piece is a file in a backup set.
A backup piece can contain blocks from
more than one datafile.
Backup set 1 (Logical)
Piece 2 (file)Piece 1 (file)
Datafile
1
Datafile
4
Datafile
5
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27. RMAN commands
BACKUP Back up database files, archive logs,
backups, or copies.
CATALOG Add information about files to the
repository. (10g+)
CHANGE Update the status of a backup in the RMAN
repository.
CONFIGURE Persistent RMAN settings.
CONNECT Connect to a recovery catalog or auxiliary
database
CROSSCHECK Check whether backup items still exist.
DELETE Delete backups from disk or tape EXIT Exit
the RMAN console
LIST List backups and copies
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28. RMAN Commands
RECOVER Apply redo logs or incremental backups to a restored
backup set (or copy) in order to update it to a specified time.
REPORT Report backup status: database, files, backups
RESTORE Restore files from an RMAN backup (or copy)
RUN Some RMAN commands are only valid inside a RUN block.
SET Settings for the current RMAN session.
SHOW Display the current configuration
SHUTDOWN Shutdown the database SQL Execute a PL/SQL
procedure or SQL statement(not SELECT)
STARTUP Startup the database
ADVISE FAILURE Display repair options (11g Data Recovery
Advisor)
REPAIR FAILURE Repair database failures (11g Data Recovery
Advisor)
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29. Backing up database using RMAN
Command: Backup
During an RMAN backup, the Oracle
database server reads the datafiles, not an
operating system utility.
The server reads each block and
determines whether the block is
inconsistent.
If the block is inconsistent, then Oracle re-
reads the block until it gets a consistent
picture of the data.
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30. Backing up database using RMAN
Logical name assigned to a backup set or image copy
month_full_backup week_full_backup Wednesday_1_backup
Datafile
3
Datafile
4
Backup set
Datafiles
1,3
Datafiles
2,4
Backup set
Datafile
1
Backup set
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31. RMAN Control File Autobackups
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP
When enabled, RMAN automatically
performs a control file autobackup
after BACKUP or COPY commands
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32. Archived Redo Log Backups
Archived redo logs are essential for
recovering an inconsistent backup.
BACKUP ARCHIVELOG
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34. Database Recovery
Difference between restoring and
recovering?
Restoring: copying backup files from
secondary storage (backup media) to
disk.
Recovering: process of applying redo
logs to the database to roll it forward.
www.yogijicreations.com
36. Preparing to recover (user
managed recovery)
Remain calm and do not panic
Restore database files to their
respective locations
Recover the database to the point of
failure using Online redo log files.
(Roll forward)
Roll back to the last consistent state.
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37. Restoring Backups of the Damaged
or Missing Files
Determine which datafiles to recover
SELECT * FROM V$RECOVER_FILE;
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38. Restoring Backups of the Damaged
or Missing Files
Query V$DATAFILE and V$TABLESPACE to obtain filenames
and tablespace names for datafiles requiring recovery.
Incase of media failure, indicate the new locations of datafiles
files to the control file.
If the database is open, then take the tablespaces containing
the inaccessible datafiles offline.
ALTER TABLESPACE users OFFLINE IMMEDIATE;
Copy backups of the damaged datafiles to their default location
% cp /disk2/backup/tbs_24.bak /disk1/oracle/dbs/tbs_24.f
Recover the affected tablespace.
RECOVER TABLESPACE users
Bring the recovered tablespace online
ALTER TABLESPACE users ONLINE
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39. Re-Creating Datafiles When
Backups Are Unavailable
All archived log files written after the creation of the original
datafile must be available
The control file contains the name of the damaged file
Create a new, empty datafile to replace a damaged
datafile that has no corresponding backup.
ALTER DATABASE CREATE DATAFILE '/disk1/users1.f' AS
'/disk2/users1.f';
Perform media recovery on the empty datafile.
ALTER DATABASE CREATE DATAFILE '/disk1/users1.f' AS
'/disk2/users1.f';
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40. Recovery of Database when Control
files are lost
Find the location of the datafiles and log
files.
Create a new control file based on above
information
CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "ORCL10G" RESETLOGS
LOGFILE
GROUP 1 'K:ORCL10GLOGREDO01.LOG' SIZE 50M,
GROUP 2 'K:ORCL10GLOGREDO02.LOG' SIZE 50M,
DATAFILE
'K:ORCL10GDATASYSTEM01.DBF',
'K:ORCL10GDATAUNDOTBS01.DBF',
'K:ORCL10GDATASYSAUX01.DBF‘;
Open the database with resetlogs option.
alter database open resetlogs;
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41. RMAN Recovery Techniques
Enhanced RMAN Features
Automated File Creation During Recovery
Simplified Recovery Through Resetlogs
Change-Aware Incremental Backups
Automated Disk-Based Backup and
Recovery
RMAN Database Dropping and
Deregistration
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42. Automated File Creation During
Recovery
This feature enhances RMAN recovery
by automatically creating and
recovering datafiles that have never
been backed up.
Archive log files are still required
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43. Automated File Creation During
Recovery
data file
#1
data file
#2
Missing
data file
#3
Control fle
RMAN
Archive log files
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44. Importance of Redo log files
The online redo logs are a set of two or more files that record
all changes made to Oracle datafiles and control files.
Whenever a change is made to the database, the Oracle
database server writes the data and generates a redo record in
the redo buffer.
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45. Recovery using Flashback Functions
Flashback is an Oracle
database facility to quickly move an
entire database or a table back to a
prior state for recovery purposes.
Flashback was first introduced
with Oracle 9i with Oracle's Flashback
Query feature.
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46. FRA ( Flashback Recovery area)
storage area (directory on disk
or ASM diskgroup) that enables
database Flash Backup and Recovery
operations.
first introduced with Oracle 10g.
Related parameters:
db_recovery_file_dest
db_recovery_file_dest_size
db_flashback_retention_target
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47. Flashback Query ( 9i Feature)
Allows users to see a consistent view
of the database as it was at a point in
the past.
In Oracle 10g, we can now retrieve all versions of the rows
that exist or ever existed between the time the query was
issued and a point back in time.
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48. Flashback Database
Faster than traditional point-in-time recovery.
Traditional recovery method: Backups and Redo logs
Flashback Database is implemented using a new type
of log file called the Flashback Database log.
Oracle database server periodically logs before
images of data blocks in the Flashback Database logs.
The data block images are used to quickly back out
changes to the database during Flashback Database.
RVWR: similar to the LGWR (log writer) process.
writes Flashback Database data to the Flashback
Database logs.
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50. Enabling Flashback Database
Make sure the database is in archive mode.
Configure the recovery area by setting the two
parameters:
DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST_SIZE
Open the database in MOUNT EXCLUSIVE mode and
turn on the flashback feature:
SQL> STARTUP MOUNT EXCLUSIVE;
SQL> ALTER DATABASE FLASHBACK ON;
Set the Flashback Database retention target:
DB_FLASHBACK_RETENTION_TARGET
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51. Flashback Drop
DROP command permanently
removed objects from the database…
In Oracle 10g, a DROP command
places the object in the recycle bin.
You can restore the object from the
recycle bin at any time.
Flashback table emp to before drop;
drop table emp PURGE;
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52. Recycle Bin
A recycle bin contains all the dropped
database objects until,
Permanently drop them with the PURGE
command.
Recover the dropped objects with the
FLASHBACK TABLE command.
There is no room in the tablespace for
new rows or updates to existing rows.
The tablespace needs to be extended.
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53. Flashback Table
Flashback Table allows you to recover a
table or tables to a specific point in time
without restoring a backup.
When you use the Flashback Table feature
to restore a table to a specific point in time,
all associated objects, such as, indexes,
constraints, and triggers will be restored.
FLASHBACK TABLE emp TO SCN 76230;
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54. Flashback Transaction Query
It provides a way for you to view
changes made to the database at the
transaction level.
It allows you to diagnose problems in
your database and perform analysis
and audit transactions
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