Yuri is called to audit RMAN backup scripts on regular basis for several years now as part of his Day to Day duties. He see the same errors in scripts that Oracle DBAs using to backup critical databases over and over again. Those errors may play a significant role in a recovery process when you working under stress. During that presentation you will be introduced to typical issues and hints how to address those.
Yuri is called to audit RMAN backup scripts on regular basis for several years now as part of his Day to Day duties. He see the same errors in scripts that Oracle DBAs using to backup critical databases over and over again. Those errors may play a significant role in a recovery process when you working under stress. During that presentation you will be introduced to typical issues and hints how to address those.
Presentación dada en el primer Webcast en español del Oracle RACSIG - http://oracleracsig.org/
Esta es una versión actualizada con funcionalidades de las últimas versiones (11g/12c) a la presentación que dí durante el OTN Tour 2011 en Montevideo, Oracle RAC sin sorpresas, donde se repasa lo que implica usar Oracle RAC, los desafíos y recomendaciones de cómo sacarle mejor provecho.
Este enfoque introductorio intenta facilitar el camino a los técnicos que están evaluando o comenzado a utilizar Oracle RAC, tarea que tiene una larga curva de aprendizaje.
My Experience Using Oracle SQL Plan Baselines 11g/12cNelson Calero
This presentation shows how to use the Oracle database functionality SQL Plan Baselines, with examples from real life usage on production (mostly 11gR2) and how to troubleshoot it.
SQL Plan Baselines is a feature introduced on 11g to manage SQL execution plans to prevent performance regressions. The concepts will be presented, along with examples, and some edge cases.
Presentación dada en el primer Webcast en español del Oracle RACSIG - http://oracleracsig.org/
Esta es una versión actualizada con funcionalidades de las últimas versiones (11g/12c) a la presentación que dí durante el OTN Tour 2011 en Montevideo, Oracle RAC sin sorpresas, donde se repasa lo que implica usar Oracle RAC, los desafíos y recomendaciones de cómo sacarle mejor provecho.
Este enfoque introductorio intenta facilitar el camino a los técnicos que están evaluando o comenzado a utilizar Oracle RAC, tarea que tiene una larga curva de aprendizaje.
My Experience Using Oracle SQL Plan Baselines 11g/12cNelson Calero
This presentation shows how to use the Oracle database functionality SQL Plan Baselines, with examples from real life usage on production (mostly 11gR2) and how to troubleshoot it.
SQL Plan Baselines is a feature introduced on 11g to manage SQL execution plans to prevent performance regressions. The concepts will be presented, along with examples, and some edge cases.
On version 12c Oracle introduced new features to allow Adaptive optimizations: Adaptive Plans and Adaptive Statistics. After a quick presentation of concepts, this session will explore the interaction of these features with other performance management techniques using examples, like SPM and SQL profiles. Attendees will get an updated picture of tools available to troubleshoot performance issues, and how to get the most of these new features.
Protect Sensitive Data: Implementing Fine-Grained Access Control in OracleNelson Calero
Using Oracle Enterprise Edition we can restrict the access to data from different users implementing security at row-level.
This presentation will walk through the implementation of a virtual private database evaluating different aspects of its usage, reviewing the changes introduced on different Oracle versions from its original 8i implementation to 12c.
First delivered on Kscope16 conference in Chicago, including scripts to illustrate each of the alternatives.
Comparative analysis on E-Gov web sitesAndrea Tino
Project assignment at University. Analyzing the most important web sites about e-government and providing a description about how efficiently their design allow users to navigate and use services on-line.
Notes de cours portant sur la recherche dans Internet. Principaux annuaires et moteurs, méta-moteurs, opérateurs. Accès au Web profond. Mise à jour: octobre 2010
Ajax is a method of employing JavaScript, DHTML, and the XMLHttp behaviour in the
browser to provide truly dynamic content on a Web page without a page refresh. There are
quantifiable benefits to be realized for end users and businesses, which include improved
usability and faster applications. In this tutorial I will look at a simple example using Ajax4JSF
with JSF, Facelets, Maven2 and Eclipse.
Oracle Recovery Manager (Oracle RMAN) has evolved since being released in version 8i. With the newest version of Oracle 12c , RMAN has great new features that will allow you to reduce your down time in case of a disaster. In this session you will learn about the new features that were introduced in Oracle 12c and how can you take advantage of them from the first day you upgrade to this version.
Oracle Database 12c offers new enhancements and additions in Recovery Manager (RMAN). The features listed in this article will help you transport data across platforms and reduce downtime by 8x versus tradition migration approach, recover table and table partitions to point-in-time without affecting other objects in the database, and audit RMAN-related events using unified auditing. Take advantage of these new features for efficient backup and recovery.
Oracle Recovery Manager (Oracle RMAN) has evolved since being released in version 8i. With the newest version of Oracle 12c , RMAN has great new features that will allow you to reduce your down time in case of a disaster. In this session you will learn about the new features that were introduced in Oracle 12c and how can you take advantage of them from the first day you upgrade to this version.
Database automation guide - Oracle Community Tour LATAM 2023Nelson Calero
The tasks of the DBA role are in permanent evolution. There are new and changed functionalities in database versions, cloud services, integrations, and new tools. Automation has been always a big portion of the DBA work, and is constantly challenging our processes. This presentation explore these automation changes using examples from experience of supporting hundreds of Oracle installations of varying size and complexity, including the process of choosing the right tool for the task, implementation, and subsequent maintenance, mainly using Ansible.
Terraform is a popular tool to handle your infrastructure as code. It is really simple to use, and there are plenty of examples and tutorials. What about when you need to use it for several months daily? In this session, I share my learnings after using it for almost a year to maintain databases in the cloud (OCI and AWS), highlighting the concepts and issues you need to get familiar with to speed up the learning curve, become more productive, and avoid common mistakes.
With the recent apparition of Kubernetes operators for Oracle, you have now the possibility to easily deploy and handle an Oracle database on a Kubernetes cluster.
Why you could want this? How do you do it? Which features those operators provide? Is it portable between the native Kubernetes cloud services offered by OCI, GCP, and AWS, and on-premises deployments?.
In this session, we will explore the basics of Kubernetes, the implications of running an Oracle database on it, and test the Google ElCarro and Oracle operators for Kubernetes in GCP, AWS, and OCI.
Automate Oracle database patches and upgrades using Fleet Provisioning and Pa...Nelson Calero
Each new version of the Oracle database includes improvements in the upgrade and patching utilities, forcing us to update our procedures to incorporate these changes.
The Fleet Provisioning & Patching (FPP, formerly RHP) utility, together with the change in its licensing announced at OOW 2019 that makes it free in RAC, now makes it possible to centrally manage the software life cycle.
This presentation shows examples of how to use FPP and different configuration options.
Presentation delivered at Oracle Open World 2019 (San Francisco, California)
Abstract: This session walks through everything you need to know to move your databases to Oracle Cloud, based on the speakers’ own experience in doing it, focused on Oracle Exadata cloud services. The speakers review the configuration required, common problems they had to resolve in the process of having several TB databases running in Oracle Cloud, and operational tasks after they were running there.
Automate your oracle cloud infrastructure operations v2.0 - OOW19Nelson Calero
Updated version for Oracle Open World 2019 of the same presentation done at Collaborate 2019
Abstract:
Oracle Cloud provides APIs and command-line utilities for handling your infrastructure in the cloud without using the web console. In addition, there are orchestration tools such as Terraform for building, changing, and versioning your infrastructure, enabling automation and configuration management. This session introduces Oracle Cloud Infrastructure services and APIs through examples from a DBA perspective: looking to minimize manual interventions when creating instances and containers, deploying a cluster with the Terraform Kubernetes installer, and backing up your databases. This presentation is an updated version of last year’s, including Oracle Cloud Infrastructure new-generation services and tools.
Automate the operation of your Oracle Cloud infrastructure v2.0Nelson Calero
Presentation delivered in Collaborate 19 conference in April 2019 in San Antonio
Abstract: The Oracle Cloud provides APIs and command line utilities to handle your infrastructure in the cloud without using the web console. In addition, there are orchestration tools such as Terraform to build, change and version your infrastructure, allowing automation and configuration management.
This session introduces to OCI services and APIs through examples from a DBA perspective, looking to minimize manual interventions when creating instances and containers, deploying a cluster using the project terraform-kubernetes-installer, and backing up your databases.
This is an updated version of a similar session a did last year, now focused on OCI new generation services and tools.
SSL certificates in the Oracle Database without surprisesNelson Calero
Presentation delivered on UKOUG conference in December 2019.
Abstract: Nowadays database installations are required to use secure connections to communicate with clients, from connecting to the database listener to interact with external services (for example to send emails from the database).
Also since a couple of years ago, it has been required to use stronger protocols like TLS 1.2 (SHA2 algorithm), which requires extra configuration in older database releases.
This presentation shows how SSL certificates work from a DBA perspective, which tools are available and examples of configuring and troubleshooting their usage from the Oracle database. It also explores the implications and how to implement TLS 1.2 and common errors found in real life usage.
Practical guide to Oracle Virtual environmentsNelson Calero
Virtualization and containers are the technologies that enable isolation of environments running on the same hardware, and can be used in some of the cloud offerings as well as in your local hardware.
This session will introduce you to Vagrant, Ansible, and Docker with examples, showing step by step guides to automatically create and provision virtual Oracle environments using different solutions (no need to code, just to configure existing code).
Automate your Oracle Cloud Infrastructure operationNelson Calero
The Oracle Cloud provides APIs and CLI utilities to handle your infrastructure in the cloud without using the web console. In addition, there are orchestration tools such as Terraform to build, change and version your infrastructure.
This presentation introduces to the topic through examples, minimizing manual interventions: creating instances and containers, using the REST api and opc tool, deploying a cluster using the project terraform-kubernetes-installer, and backing up your databases.
This is an overview of the cloud offering from key players, focused on Oracle Cloud (also Google and AWS), including costs, changes in architecture and operations, and the new role of the DBA with the outline of the migration procedure, backups and DR in this new world.
Redefining tables online without surprisesNelson Calero
The Oracle database includes several features to allow moving data online, ie: without preventing users to access it when it is being moved (DML operation are not blocked).
One of those features is to change a table definition, using the package DBMS_REDEFINITION.
While moving a table is an online operation since version 12.2, redefinition is still needed for some changes. Also is needed in older versions.
In this session best practices will be shown based on experience of using it with big tablespaces, with examples covering all the steps needed to use DBMS_REDEFINITION under different scenarios, including the problems you can find, how to resolve them and how this process is different in version 11.2 and 12.
Todo lo que se necesita saber para usar Pacemaker como solución de alta disponibilidad en bases de datos.
Presentación dada en la conferencia MySQL NoSQL & Cloud Latin America en Buenos Aires el 15/10/2013.
AROUG BIDAY 2013 - Automatizar procesos de ETL con PL/SQLNelson Calero
Presentación dada en BI DAY 2013 organizado por el grupo de usuarios Oracle de Argentina (AROUG) el 12 de junio de 2013.
Difusión del evento: http://aroug.org/2013/05/bi-day-reserva-tu-lugar/
MariaDB y FOSS en infraestructura de salud y estándaresNelson Calero
Introducción a estándares en sistemas de salud, ejemplo de una institución y planes con tecnología FOSS.
Presentación dada en la primer "MySQL / NoSQL & Cloud Latin American Conference" en Buenos Aires, Argentina el 27 de junio de 2012.
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
2. High Availability Boot Camp:
RMAN - Eliminate the Mystery
Eng. Nelson Calero, OCP
UYOUG
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3. High Availability Boot Camp:
RMAN - Eliminate the Mystery
About me:
http://www.linkedin.com/in/ncalero
Working with Oracle tools and Linux environments since 1996
DBA Oracle (since 2001) & MySQL (since 2005)
Oracle University Instructor since 2011
Co-founder and President of the Oracle user Group of Uruguay
(UYOUG) since 2009
Computer Engineer. OCP DBA 10g
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6. What is RMAN?
Utility with many features to use in backup and recovery tasks.
Included for free with Oracle database installation ($ORACLE_HOME/bin)
Command line interface.
some functionality available inside Enterprise Manager
Written in Pro * C, executes PL / SQL
Since Oracle 8 – 1997
Documented bugs in all versions: less than 1283, more than 170.
Known RMAN Performance Problems (MOS note 247611.1)
32 bugs, all fixed by 11g (some even before)
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7. Best practices of backup & recovery Today?
Some. Those using RMAN
More technology is needed apart from RMAN in a DR/HA policy:
• Datapump
• Flashback
• Secure backup
• ….
RMAN is one solution among 20 from Oracle for unplanned downtime, used
for site and storage failures, and data corruption
http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/server.112/e17157/planned.htm#CIHDCJCE
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8. Backups without Rman (user managed)
Consistent (cold):
cp path/* dest-bkp
Inconsistent (hot):
alter tablespace nnn begin backup;
cp path/datafile.dbf destbkp
alter tablespace nnn end backup;
cp /archivelogs-path/* dest-bkp
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10. RMAN Backup - files
• Which files were generated by a backup?
– list backup;
• Which files are copied?
– datafiles
– controlfiles
– archived logs
– spfile
• Which files are not copied?
– temporary files (tempfiles) and online redo logs (not needed for recovery)
– files from external tabes or bfiles
– database binary files
– database network configuration files
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11. RMAN backups
Differences between RMAN and user-managed backups:
– RMAN sets the rules, but is flexible
– RMAN commands implement sophisticated tasks, which lead to less
code to be written to perform the same tasks, when possible.
– RMAN has many functionalities
– RMAN requires training to use effectively
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14. RMAN Configuration
Per target (in controlfile or Catalog):
Device
Parallelism
Retention Policy
Backup optimization
Encryption
If using Fast Recovery Area, database parameters:
DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST_SIZE ( DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST is set)
If not using a recovery Catalog, set according to your policy
CONTROL_FILE_RECORD_KEEP_TIME
NOTE: Since 11.2.0.3 destination can be ASM Cluster File System (ACFS)
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15. Back to RMAN Backups
See what has been backed up:
oracle@oraculo:~> rman
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.2.0 - Production on Fri Feb 17 11:00:13 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
RMAN> connect target
connected to target database: ENT11G (DBID=410442782)
RMAN> list backup summary;
List of Backups
===============
Key TY LV S Device Type Completion Time #Pieces #Copies Compressed Tag
------- -- -- - ----------- --------------- ------- ------- ---------- ---
1 B F A DISK 13-FEB-12 1 1 NO TAG20120213T122058
2 B F A DISK 13-FEB-12 1 1 NO TAG20120213T122238
3 B F A DISK 13-FEB-12 1 1 NO TAG20120213T122421
4 B F A DISK 13-FEB-12 1 1 NO TAG20120213T122440
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17. RMAN Backups
TIP - change date format inside RMAN
[oracle@oraculo ~]$ export NLS_DATE_FORMAT='DD/MON/YYYY HH24:MI:SS'
[oracle@oraculo ~]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.3.0 - Production on Wed Dec 21 20:31:46 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: Ent11g (DBID=943234298)
RMAN> list backup summary tag bkp_prod_121511060003;
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
List of Backups
===============
Key TY LV S Device Type Completion Time #Pieces #Copies Compressed Tag
------- -- -- - ----------- -------------------- ------- ------- ---------- ---
1 B F A DISK 13/FEB/2012 03:21:03 1 1 NO TAG20120213T122058
2 B F A DISK 13/FEB/2012 03:25:42 1 1 NO TAG20120213T122238
3 B F A DISK 13/FEB/2012 03:29:28 1 1 NO TAG20120213T122421
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19. RMAN backups - Incremental
Differential: copy only the changes since the last incremental backup
Cumulative: copy all changes from the last full backup.
Incremental backups are differential by default
To restore a database one of this is needed:
all differential backups since the last full backup, or
last cumulative backup following the last full backup
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20. RMAN incremental backups
Examples
First incremental backup must be complete, and is identified with the level 0.
backup incremental level 0 tablespace users;
Next is level 1. If no level 0 backup exists,it creates a level 0 backup:
backup incremental level 1 tablespace users;
Cumulative backup:
backup incremental level 1 cumulative tablespace users;
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21. RMAN incremental backups
(more)
Incremental updated Backups (or merged)
apply an incremental backup to the last full backup to get a new full backup
run {
backup incremental level 1 for recover of copy with tag 'BKP_L0' database;
recover copy of database with tag 'BKP_L0';
}
requires more disk space
to have more than redundancy 1, add UNTIL TIME – MOS note 745798.1
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22. RMAN space usage
Built in functionality, no need to enable
NULL BLOCK COMPRESSION (8i) - does not copy empty blocks never used
(ie: unformatted above High Water Mark (HWM))
UNUSED BLOCK COMPRESSION (10.2) - does not copy unused blocks
(ie: empty under HWM)
UNDO OPTIMIZATION (11.1) – does not copy undo segments not needed
Must be explicitly enabled
– BINARY COMPRESSION (10g)
Compress data before sending it to the destination. Supports incremental backups.
Algorithm can be changed using the Advanced compression option (11.2)
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23. NULL COMPRESSION in action
oracle@oraculo:~> du -hs oradata/XE
1.5G .oradata/XE
oracle@oraculo:~> ls -lrt $ORACLE_BASE/flash_recovery_area/XE/backupset/2010_06_03/
total 1176688
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 1203748864 2010-06-03 00:57 o1_mf_nnndf_TAG.._60g9xpkz_.bkp
Free space on the database:
01:41:16 XE> select sum(bytes)/1024/1024 mb from dba_free_space;
MB
----------
135.8125
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24. RMAN COMPRESSION
Two ways to enable:
backup as compressed backupset ...
CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK BACKUP TYPE TO COMPRESSED BACKUPSET;
Files generated:
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 1203986432 2010-06-03 01:31 o1_mf_nnndf_TAG.._60gcywnl_.bkp
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 235642880 2010-06-03 01:38 o1_mf_nnndf_TAG.._60gdd066_.bkp
Almost 1GB saved and more CPU used
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25. RMAN COMPRESSION – XE
Can we configure compression as the default backup method?
rman target /
CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK BACKUP TYPE TO BACKUPSET;
exit;
./backup.sh
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 1203748864 o1_mf_nnndf_TAG.._60g9xpkz_.bkp
rman target /
CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK BACKUP TYPE TO COMPRESSED BACKUPSET;
exit
./backup.sh
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 120398643 o1_mf_nnndf_TAG.._60gcywnl_.bkp
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26. RMAN COMPRESSION – XE
backup.sh code:
echo "Backup in progress..."
rman target / >> $rman_backup << EOF
set echo on;
shutdown immediate;
startup mount;
configure retention policy to redundancy 2;
configure controlfile autobackup format for device type disk clear;
configure controlfile autobackup on;
sql "create pfile=''$rman_spfile2init'' from spfile";
backup as backupset device type disk database;
configure controlfile autobackup off;
alter database open;
delete noprompt obsolete;
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27. RMAN COMPRESSION – XE
backup.sh needs to be modified to enable compression:
echo "Backup in progress..."
rman target / >> $rman_backup << EOF
set echo on;
shutdown immediate;
startup mount;
configure retention policy to redundancy 2;
configure controlfile autobackup format for device type disk clear;
configure controlfile autobackup on;
sql "create pfile=''$rman_spfile2init'' from spfile";
backup as compressed backupset device type disk database;
configure controlfile autobackup off;
alter database open;
delete noprompt obsolete;
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28. RMAN COMPRESSION – XE
Really necessary?
– maximum amount of user data is 11G in XE 11.2 (was 4Gb in 10.2)
– backup.sh uses redundancy 2
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29. Corruption detection
Backup validates block checksum when writing (physical) by default
To detect logical corruption while taking the backup:
– backup blocks all check logical database;
To validate already taken backups, and their availability for the restore operation
– restore validate database;
– restore validate controlfile to 'c:tempcontrol01.ctl';
– restore validate archivelog from sequence N1 until sequence N2;
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30. Validation – integrity and corruption
VALIDATE command (11.1) – independent of backup/recovery
validate database;
VALIDATE BACKUPSET 5;
validate datafile 3;
validate datafile 3 BLOCK 5 TO 20;
If some detected, see which ones:
select * from V$DATABASE_BLOCK_CORRUPTION;
NOTE: This view is also populated by other Oracle process (11.2)
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31. Corruption prevention
To prevent and detect corruption, these initialization parameters must be used:
– DB_BLOCK_CHECKING – in memory checks. Overhead up to 10%.
OFF / LOW / MEDIUM / FULL
– DB_BLOCK_CHECKSUM – calculated and stored checksum of data and logs.
Overhead up to 5%. OFF / TYPICAL / FULL
– DB_LOST_WRITE_PROTECT – detect lost writes on standby.
NONE / TYPICAL / FULL
– DB_ULTRA_SAFE: set the proper combination of the previous three.
• NONE: no changes are made
• DATA_ONLY: MEDIUM / FULL / TYPICAL
• DATA_AND_INDEX: FULL / FULL / TYPICAL
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32. Recovery scenarios
basic – 2:
– complete and tablespace
advanced – 12:
– Recovering After the Loss of Datafiles: Scenarios
– Recovering Through an Added Datafile with a Backup Control File: Scenario
– Re-Creating Datafiles When Backups Are Unavailable: Scenario
– Recovering Through RESETLOGS with Created Control File: Scenario
– Recovering NOLOGGING Tables and Indexes: Scenario
– Recovering Read-Only Tablespaces with a Backup Control File: Scenario
– Recovering Transportable Tablespaces: Scenario
– Recovering After the Loss of Online Redo Log Files: Scenarios
– Recovering After the Loss of Archived Redo Log Files: Scenario
– Recovering from a Dropped Table: Scenario
– Performing Media Recovery in a Distributed Environment: Scenario
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33. Basic recovery examples
Recover the last full backup, using the existing controlfile
RMAN> STARTUP MOUNT;
RMAN> RESTORE DATABASE;
RMAN> RECOVER DATABASE;
RMAN> ALTER DATABASE OPEN;
Recover only one tablespace in an open instance
RMAN> SQL 'ALTER TABLESPACE mytbs OFFLINE IMMEDIATE';
RMAN> RESTORE TABLESPACE mytbs;
RMAN> RECOVER TABLESPACE mytbs;
RMAN> SQL 'ALTER TABLESPACE mytbs ONLINE';
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34. Summary of RMAN benefits
– Incremental backups
– automated recovery
• block media recovery
– compression
• skipping blocks and binary
– encryption
– backup history and catalog
– logical and physical corruption detection
– backup optimization
– improved and new features in new releases
• 11 in version 11.2, 21 in version 11.1 (from Backup and Recovery User's
Guide, “What's New in Backup and Recovery?”)
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35. using RMAN for the first time
– Learn RMAN functionality and usage
– Practice recovery scenarios
NOTE: RMAN generated files are not portable between platforms.
– Intel 32-bit (x86) backup cannot be restored on Intel 64-bit (x86_64).
– CONVERT DATABASE command can be used over platforms which share
endian format.
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36. using RMAN for the first time
Define the backup policy
– acceptable level of service
• time frame for implementation and execution
• disk consumption and CPU usage to define using of compression
– retention
– destination
– file names, size limits
– parallelism
– use of encryption
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37. using RMAN for the first time
Create complete scripts
– Configuration can be used to recreate the database
– Delete obsolete backups
– List catalog (documentation)
– Validate logical integrity
– Detect errors in the execution of the script and notify operators
Test recovery periodically
– automated to validate health of backup media
– manually to practice different recovery scenarios
• one team to break, one to recover
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38. Monitoring RMAN operations
Running tasks: V$SESSION_LONGOPS
SELECT SID, SERIAL#, CONTEXT, SOFAR, TOTALWORK,
ROUND(SOFAR/TOTALWORK*100,2) "%_COMPLETE"
FROM V$SESSION_LONGOPS
WHERE OPNAME LIKE 'RMAN%'
AND OPNAME NOT LIKE '%aggregate%'
AND TOTALWORK != 0
AND SOFAR <> TOTALWORK;
History:
– V$BACKUP_*
– V$RMAN*
If using catalog:
– RC_*
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39. Maintenance
CrossCheck
Delete obsolete
If using standby
Above 11.1:
ARCHIVELOG DELETION POLICY TO APPLIED ON STANDBY
Older versions:
Split backup from delete obsolete tasks
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40. Features not available in Standard Edition:
– allocate disk parallel channels
– block change tracking
– encryption -- Advanced Security option (disk) or Oracle Secure Backup
license (tape)
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41. When errors
• Manuals: http://otn.oracle.com
• Support: http://support.oracle.com
• Debug:
rman target / log rman.log trace rman.trc
run{
allocate channel t1 type sbt………trace=2;
allocate channel t2 type sbt………trace=2;
allocate channel t3 type sbt………trace=2;
debug on;
restore database;
debug off;
}
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42. When errors
Media manager libraries (MML) are from third parties
Trace generates sbtio.log file
Simulate and compare:
run {
allocate channel t1 type sbt parms
'SBT_LIBRARY=oracle.disksbt,ENV=(BACK
UP_DIR=d:temp)' trace=2;
backup database;
}
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43. Optimizing backup operations
mainly I/O activity
detailed process architecture: MOS note 360443.1
use async I/O (O.S. Configuration)
channels adequate to the hardware in use
performance of the MML
comparing the time of "backup validate" (read-only operation) with the time of backup.
enable block change tracking for incremental backups (Enterprise Edition)
use standby database if Active DataGuard is available.
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44. Optimizing Recovery
• Scripts commands are executed serially
• This does not work in parallel:
run {
allocate channel t1 type sbt....;
allocate channel t2 type sbt....;
allocate channel t3 type sbt....;
restore datafile 2;
restore datafile 3;
restore datafile 5;
restore datafile 7;
restore datafile 11; }
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45. Optimizing Recovery
• This works:
run {
allocate channel t1 type sbt....;
allocate channel t2 type sbt....;
allocate channel t3 type sbt....;
restore datafile 2,3,5,7,11; }
• For big datafiles, from 11.1, use SECTION SIZE:
CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE sbt PARALLELISM 3;
CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO sbt;
RUN {
BACKUP SECTION SIZE 300M TABLESPACE prueba; }
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46. Next steps?
– Exercise recovery scenarios
– Use Enterprise Manager whenever possible
– Use Data Recovery Advisor
– Incorporate the use of Dataguard and Flashback
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48. Some time for examples?
– Instance cloning
• Classic (10g)
• From active instance (11.1)
• RAC
– Using Data Recovery Advisor – only on the white paper
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49. Instance cloning
Classic (10g) using pre-existing backups
1) Set destination database environment: parameter file, password file and directories
– db_file_name_convert y log_file_name_convert if using different directory structure
2) Reboot the destination database in nomount mode
3) Get the SCN to which you want to restore from source. There are several ways to do it. One is:
select next_change#
from v$archived_log
where recid = (select max(recid) from v$archived_log
where backup_count>0);
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50. Instance cloning
Classic (10g) using pre-existing backups
4) execute the duplication on destination server :
rman catalog rman/clave@rman target sys/clave@origen
connect auxiliary /
run {
allocate auxiliary channel dupdb1 type disk;
set until scn $MAX_SCN;
duplicate target database to COPIA NOFILENAMECHECK;
}
5) disable archivelog on the cloned database
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51. Instance cloning
From active instance (11.1)
Same steps 1 and 2, then 4th is:
rman nocatalog target sys/clave@origen
connect AUXILIARY sys/clave@copia
run {
DUPLICATE TARGET DATABASE TO 'COPIA'
FROM ACTIVE DATABASE;
}
exit;
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52. Instance cloning
RAC databases
MOS notes 452868.1 and 461479.1
changes to single instance duplication:
destination database configured as single instance (removing RAC configuration)
clone the same way as single instance
pfile parameters are adjusted, adding RAC settings removed before:
correct names for control files and the new database.
restart the database to use the new parameters
configure the new database in all the remaining RAC nodes:
pfile, pwfile, tnsnames.ora
register the new database in CRS
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