This document provides an overview of a lecture series on education, markets, and globalization. It outlines the schedule, assignment details, and topics to be covered in each of the 10 lectures. The lectures will analyze the impacts and key aspects of globalization, including the threats and opportunities it presents, the major players involved, and its effects on issues like women's rights and workers' rights. The document provides a detailed agenda and content for each lecture.
Globalization is a process of increasing integration and interaction between people, companies, and governments around the world. It is driven by international trade and investment and aided by information technology. This process affects many aspects of society including economics, politics, culture, and the environment. Some key aspects of globalization include the liberalization and integration of markets on a global scale, as well as the blending of cultures through increased travel, trade, and information sharing across borders.
Africa Progress Report 2013: Equity in Extractives Stewarding Africa's Natura...Dr Lendy Spires
This document is the Africa Progress Report 2013 published by the Africa Progress Panel. It examines issues related to natural resource extraction in Africa, including:
- While Africa has seen strong economic growth in the past decade, this growth has not sufficiently reduced poverty and improved human development. Resource-rich countries in particular are seeing a divergence between wealth growth and human well-being.
- Africa's natural resources, including oil, gas and minerals, present both an opportunity for powering economic growth as well as challenges around managing revenue flows, ensuring fair taxation, addressing environmental and social impacts, and building transparency and accountability.
- Recommendations focus on governments capturing more value from resources through fair taxation and equitable spending, companies supporting transparency,
2012 Africa Progress Panel report: Jobs, Justices and EquityDr Lendy Spires
This document provides an overview and summary of the 2012 Africa Progress Report. It discusses the mixed progress Africa has made, with some countries and people rising economically while others have not shared in the benefits. It notes the growing demand for greater equity and justice. The report examines trends shaping Africa related to demography, urbanization, global food security, economic and political shifts with emerging powers, technology and innovation, and rising citizen action. It provides recommendations on governance, education, financing development, and mobilizing domestic resources.
The document provides an introduction to concepts related to globalization and conditions in developing countries. It discusses how globalization refers to international integration of commodity, capital and labor markets. It also examines key events in recent rounds of globalization such as increased trade in services and foreign direct investment. Challenges faced by developing countries are also summarized, including winners and losers of trade liberalization as well as human rights and environmental concerns.
Globalization refers to the increasing integration and interdependence of economies, societies, and cultures around the world through reduced trade barriers and improved communication technologies. While globalization has increased prosperity in many ways, it has also contributed to economic inequality, environmental degradation, and a loss of culture and community in some areas. There are reasonable arguments on both sides of the debate around how to balance the opportunities and risks of an increasingly globalized world.
The document discusses the effects of globalization on communication and youth. It notes that while globalization has connected the world and increased opportunities, it has also negatively impacted many youth by failing to provide economic opportunities. Specifically, it has changed the job market in ways that have displaced many low-skilled jobs. It has also led to increased migration among youth both within and between countries in search of opportunities. Additionally, globalization has spread Western media and consumerism among youth globally but some youth have been unable to attain raised expectations. It concludes by arguing ways to address youth unemployment and migration through developing opportunities in home countries.
The document discusses different types and levels of immigrant entrepreneurship, including self-employment, small businesses, and growth businesses. It notes key differences between them in terms of ownership structure, employment and revenue size, capital structure, financial structure, management structure, required skill sets, and use of technology. Self-employed businesses tend to be sole proprietorships with low revenue, capital, and ability to leverage funds, while requiring hands-on work. Small businesses have more complex legal structures, bank financing, and management across functions. Growth businesses are larger still with external financing, professional management, and board oversight.
This document presents three scenarios for the future of innovation and creativity in Africa created by the Open A.I.R. network. The scenarios are: Wireless Engagement, where interconnectedness drives new economic opportunities; Informal - The New Normal, where the informal sector becomes more prominent; and Sincerely Africa, where traditional knowledge and practices make a comeback. The scenarios were constructed through extensive research and stakeholder consultation to provide plausible visions of how driving forces may shape the future, while stimulating discussion on African innovation.
Globalization is a process of increasing integration and interaction between people, companies, and governments around the world. It is driven by international trade and investment and aided by information technology. This process affects many aspects of society including economics, politics, culture, and the environment. Some key aspects of globalization include the liberalization and integration of markets on a global scale, as well as the blending of cultures through increased travel, trade, and information sharing across borders.
Africa Progress Report 2013: Equity in Extractives Stewarding Africa's Natura...Dr Lendy Spires
This document is the Africa Progress Report 2013 published by the Africa Progress Panel. It examines issues related to natural resource extraction in Africa, including:
- While Africa has seen strong economic growth in the past decade, this growth has not sufficiently reduced poverty and improved human development. Resource-rich countries in particular are seeing a divergence between wealth growth and human well-being.
- Africa's natural resources, including oil, gas and minerals, present both an opportunity for powering economic growth as well as challenges around managing revenue flows, ensuring fair taxation, addressing environmental and social impacts, and building transparency and accountability.
- Recommendations focus on governments capturing more value from resources through fair taxation and equitable spending, companies supporting transparency,
2012 Africa Progress Panel report: Jobs, Justices and EquityDr Lendy Spires
This document provides an overview and summary of the 2012 Africa Progress Report. It discusses the mixed progress Africa has made, with some countries and people rising economically while others have not shared in the benefits. It notes the growing demand for greater equity and justice. The report examines trends shaping Africa related to demography, urbanization, global food security, economic and political shifts with emerging powers, technology and innovation, and rising citizen action. It provides recommendations on governance, education, financing development, and mobilizing domestic resources.
The document provides an introduction to concepts related to globalization and conditions in developing countries. It discusses how globalization refers to international integration of commodity, capital and labor markets. It also examines key events in recent rounds of globalization such as increased trade in services and foreign direct investment. Challenges faced by developing countries are also summarized, including winners and losers of trade liberalization as well as human rights and environmental concerns.
Globalization refers to the increasing integration and interdependence of economies, societies, and cultures around the world through reduced trade barriers and improved communication technologies. While globalization has increased prosperity in many ways, it has also contributed to economic inequality, environmental degradation, and a loss of culture and community in some areas. There are reasonable arguments on both sides of the debate around how to balance the opportunities and risks of an increasingly globalized world.
The document discusses the effects of globalization on communication and youth. It notes that while globalization has connected the world and increased opportunities, it has also negatively impacted many youth by failing to provide economic opportunities. Specifically, it has changed the job market in ways that have displaced many low-skilled jobs. It has also led to increased migration among youth both within and between countries in search of opportunities. Additionally, globalization has spread Western media and consumerism among youth globally but some youth have been unable to attain raised expectations. It concludes by arguing ways to address youth unemployment and migration through developing opportunities in home countries.
The document discusses different types and levels of immigrant entrepreneurship, including self-employment, small businesses, and growth businesses. It notes key differences between them in terms of ownership structure, employment and revenue size, capital structure, financial structure, management structure, required skill sets, and use of technology. Self-employed businesses tend to be sole proprietorships with low revenue, capital, and ability to leverage funds, while requiring hands-on work. Small businesses have more complex legal structures, bank financing, and management across functions. Growth businesses are larger still with external financing, professional management, and board oversight.
This document presents three scenarios for the future of innovation and creativity in Africa created by the Open A.I.R. network. The scenarios are: Wireless Engagement, where interconnectedness drives new economic opportunities; Informal - The New Normal, where the informal sector becomes more prominent; and Sincerely Africa, where traditional knowledge and practices make a comeback. The scenarios were constructed through extensive research and stakeholder consultation to provide plausible visions of how driving forces may shape the future, while stimulating discussion on African innovation.
This document provides an overview of the contents of a textbook on international business management. It includes 5 chapters that cover topics such as: introduction to international business concepts; international trade and investment; international strategic management; production, marketing, finance, and human resources in global business; and conflict management and ethics. The introduction chapter defines key terms and discusses factors driving globalization, the international business environment, and the impact of globalization. Subsequent chapters cover issues related to international trade agreements, entry strategies, organizational structures, and challenges of operating globally.
This document provides an overview of globalization. It defines globalization as the transformation of national economies into an interdependent global system. The key drivers of globalization are identified as falling trade barriers and technological advances. Globalization has led to the globalization of markets and production. International institutions have also emerged to manage the global marketplace. While globalization creates opportunities, it also generates debate around its impacts on jobs, wages, and the environment. Managing business globally differs from domestic management due to country differences, greater complexity, and international rules and systems.
One Young World is a UK-based nonprofit that brings together young leaders from every country annually to address global issues and make commitments to positive change. It has grown significantly since 2009, partnering with over 700 organizations. The annual summit in Ottawa from September 28 - October 1, 2016 will bring together over 1,300 delegates from 196 countries for sessions on pressing issues led by world leaders and counselors from various fields. Delegates then become ambassadors in One Young World's global network of over 6,000 young leaders working on summit-inspired initiatives to create impact.
This document provides an overview and assessment of opportunities for economic development in Sub-Saharan Africa. It discusses the context of global poverty alleviation efforts and challenges in Sub-Saharan Africa. The document then analyzes the African economy, entrepreneurship trends, attractive country markets based on financial and social returns, and promising industries like business incubation and private equity. It concludes by outlining next steps for developing partnerships and ventures.
Globalization involves the integration of national economies with the global economy through free flows of goods, services, capital, technology and information across borders. It increases connectivity between markets through trade, investment and cultural exchanges. While it leads to a decline in global poverty through more investments and jobs, local adaptation is important to attract consumers in different markets by accommodating local user preferences.
Globalization refers to the increasing integration of economies and societies around the world through increased trade and cultural exchange. The document discusses both the positive and negative impacts of globalization. It provides causes and effects of globalization on economies, governments, businesses, and individuals. While globalization has increased trade and job opportunities, it has also led to issues like unemployment in some countries, increased environmental damage, and unequal impacts across societies.
The document provides information on midterm exam results and questions for two classes. It summarizes the average scores on Midterm #2 for Class 01 as 38/60 and Class 02 as 40/60. It then provides details on question #48 and reviews concepts related to brand extension, top valuable brands, product line extension versus trading up/down, and supply chain extension. Finally, it provides reminders about the online forum closing and upcoming due dates for projects and evaluations.
The Contemporary World: Global Economic StructuresAntonio Delgado
This document discusses economic globalization and related topics through four main sections. It begins by defining economic globalization and its emergence in the 1500s. It then examines the Bretton Woods system established in 1944 to regulate international monetary systems and addresses organizations it created like the IMF and World Bank. Other economic organizations are also outlined. Finally, it explores the role of multinational corporations in globalization through foreign direct investment and other activities.
This document discusses the history of globalization in three waves from 1860 to the present. It outlines key drivers and developments in each wave such as advances in transportation and technology, as well as political and economic changes. The first wave from 1860-1914 saw increased global trade and movement of people and capital due to new steam technologies. The second wave from 1944-1971 established international organizations like the IMF and GATT to support economic integration after World War 2. The third wave from 1989 onwards has been driven most significantly by advances in internet and telecommunications, allowing large-scale global commerce and foreign investment. The document also examines why businesses expand globally to access new markets, cut costs, and spread risk. International advertising agencies have played a complementary
This lecture discusses the history and operations of multinational corporations (MNCs). It explains that MNCs first emerged to facilitate long-distance trade in the early modern period. Major modern MNCs operate across a wide range of industries from extraction and manufacturing to services. While MNCs can stimulate economic development and job creation, they also wield significant power over governments and influence policies. The case study of Shell in Nigeria illustrates how MNC activities have negatively impacted local environments and communities in the Niger Delta region through oil spills, pollution, and suppression of dissent.
This document provides information about the magazine "This Is Africa". It examines Africa's evolving global relationships and how new relationships are developing across business, policy, and development. The magazine helps inform senior politicians and business leaders engaging with Africa through interviews, commentary, and analysis. It provides indispensable business information and networking opportunities for those understanding Africa's strategic importance. The magazine focuses on relationships Africa is forging worldwide and how emerging markets are reshaping the continent's role. It speaks to influential figures to understand trends defining Africa's 21st century development.
Globalization refers to the increasing integration and interdependence of world economies, technologies, and cultures. While a form of globalization has existed throughout history, the current period began accelerating in the late 20th century due to several factors: advances in technology and transportation that facilitated the rapid movement of capital, goods, and information across borders; the growth of international organizations that promoted cooperation between countries; liberalization policies that reduced restrictions on trade; and the fall of communism which allowed formerly closed economies to enter the global marketplace.
The term Globalization was first coined by Theodore Levitt in a Harvard Business Review article..
He mentioned that the future belonged at global corporations that adopted strategies..
Globalization refers to the increasing unification of the world's economic order through reduction of such barriers to international trade as tariffs, export fees, and import quotas.
Globalization is a process that unifies people worldwide into a single society through economic and cultural integration. While it provides benefits like increased trade and spread of ideas, it also poses challenges for national education systems. It pushes education policies towards neoliberal frameworks that emphasize testing, choice, and competition. It also constrains national policymaking and increases inequality as jobs move to developing countries. Education must balance preparing students for the global market while developing responsible citizens. Reforms are needed to improve teacher pay, funding equity, and address mismatches between education and industry needs.
UNDP Round Table on Indigenous Trade and DevelopmentWayne Dunn
This document provides a report on proceedings from an Indigenous Trade and Development Round Table discussion held in Washington DC in 1994 between Indigenous leaders, organizations, and development institutions. The round table focused on opportunities for Indigenous partnerships and expanding fair trade. Presentations covered topics like Fairtrade, Indigenous success stories, and partnership opportunities. Participants recommended assembling financial and human resources to support sustainable Indigenous trade initiatives and working directly with Indigenous producers. The round table highlighted the potential of Indigenous partnerships and trade to support development.
One Young World - Presentation for Russia (short)Denis Chistyakov
1. One Young World is a global summit for young leaders aged 20-26 that provides leadership development and networking opportunities.
2. The 2011 summit will be held in Zurich from September 1-4 and will have over 1,600 delegates from 194 countries.
3. Companies can sponsor delegates and gain positive media exposure by participating. The cost for each sponsored delegate is just €3,000 and covers travel, accommodations and summit access.
Multinational companies and Foreign interferenceSairyl Rufino
Warren Buffett is an American business magnate, investor, and philanthropist widely considered one of the most successful investors of the 20th century. He is the chairman and CEO of Berkshire Hathaway, and consistently ranked among the wealthiest people in the world. In 2012, Time magazine named Buffett one of the most influential people globally.
Globalization refers to the increasing integration and interdependence of economies, technologies, and cultures around the world. It involves the free movement of goods, services, capital, and people between countries. While globalization offers opportunities through increased trade and cultural exchange, critics argue it favors wealthy nations and corporations over poorer countries and local communities. There are differing views on whether globalization should be altered, ended, or embraced for its opportunities.
Globalisation has been a longstanding process that accelerated in the late 20th century due to developments in transportation and communication technologies. This included advances like railways, steamships, jet aircraft, container ships, the internet, and smartphones. These lowered communication costs and led to increased global connections and interdependence through widened flows of capital, commodities, information, tourists, and migrants moving around the world.
Indian agribusiness and globalisation prospects and challenges 2 (1)prj_publication
This document summarizes an article on Indian agribusiness and globalization. It discusses how agribusiness in India has undergone changes since economic liberalization in 1991-1992. Globalization has led to more professional and scientific approaches in agribusiness. It has opened opportunities for socio-economic growth through diversification, increased productivity and employment. However, globalization also presents challenges like income inequality and loss of national sovereignty. The document also examines prospects and challenges for Indian agribusiness in the current globalized environment. It suggests measures like addressing socio-economic imbalances, facilitating innovation, and ensuring fair trade practices.
This document provides an overview of the global business environment. It discusses globalization and features like large-scale production and competition. It also examines the World Trade Organization (WTO) and its impact through increased exports and multilateral rules. A case study looks at the recession in the US from excessive credit and debt. The conclusion debates whether globalization is good or bad, and likens managing its effects to adapting to the weather.
This document provides an overview of the contents of a textbook on international business management. It includes 5 chapters that cover topics such as: introduction to international business concepts; international trade and investment; international strategic management; production, marketing, finance, and human resources in global business; and conflict management and ethics. The introduction chapter defines key terms and discusses factors driving globalization, the international business environment, and the impact of globalization. Subsequent chapters cover issues related to international trade agreements, entry strategies, organizational structures, and challenges of operating globally.
This document provides an overview of globalization. It defines globalization as the transformation of national economies into an interdependent global system. The key drivers of globalization are identified as falling trade barriers and technological advances. Globalization has led to the globalization of markets and production. International institutions have also emerged to manage the global marketplace. While globalization creates opportunities, it also generates debate around its impacts on jobs, wages, and the environment. Managing business globally differs from domestic management due to country differences, greater complexity, and international rules and systems.
One Young World is a UK-based nonprofit that brings together young leaders from every country annually to address global issues and make commitments to positive change. It has grown significantly since 2009, partnering with over 700 organizations. The annual summit in Ottawa from September 28 - October 1, 2016 will bring together over 1,300 delegates from 196 countries for sessions on pressing issues led by world leaders and counselors from various fields. Delegates then become ambassadors in One Young World's global network of over 6,000 young leaders working on summit-inspired initiatives to create impact.
This document provides an overview and assessment of opportunities for economic development in Sub-Saharan Africa. It discusses the context of global poverty alleviation efforts and challenges in Sub-Saharan Africa. The document then analyzes the African economy, entrepreneurship trends, attractive country markets based on financial and social returns, and promising industries like business incubation and private equity. It concludes by outlining next steps for developing partnerships and ventures.
Globalization involves the integration of national economies with the global economy through free flows of goods, services, capital, technology and information across borders. It increases connectivity between markets through trade, investment and cultural exchanges. While it leads to a decline in global poverty through more investments and jobs, local adaptation is important to attract consumers in different markets by accommodating local user preferences.
Globalization refers to the increasing integration of economies and societies around the world through increased trade and cultural exchange. The document discusses both the positive and negative impacts of globalization. It provides causes and effects of globalization on economies, governments, businesses, and individuals. While globalization has increased trade and job opportunities, it has also led to issues like unemployment in some countries, increased environmental damage, and unequal impacts across societies.
The document provides information on midterm exam results and questions for two classes. It summarizes the average scores on Midterm #2 for Class 01 as 38/60 and Class 02 as 40/60. It then provides details on question #48 and reviews concepts related to brand extension, top valuable brands, product line extension versus trading up/down, and supply chain extension. Finally, it provides reminders about the online forum closing and upcoming due dates for projects and evaluations.
The Contemporary World: Global Economic StructuresAntonio Delgado
This document discusses economic globalization and related topics through four main sections. It begins by defining economic globalization and its emergence in the 1500s. It then examines the Bretton Woods system established in 1944 to regulate international monetary systems and addresses organizations it created like the IMF and World Bank. Other economic organizations are also outlined. Finally, it explores the role of multinational corporations in globalization through foreign direct investment and other activities.
This document discusses the history of globalization in three waves from 1860 to the present. It outlines key drivers and developments in each wave such as advances in transportation and technology, as well as political and economic changes. The first wave from 1860-1914 saw increased global trade and movement of people and capital due to new steam technologies. The second wave from 1944-1971 established international organizations like the IMF and GATT to support economic integration after World War 2. The third wave from 1989 onwards has been driven most significantly by advances in internet and telecommunications, allowing large-scale global commerce and foreign investment. The document also examines why businesses expand globally to access new markets, cut costs, and spread risk. International advertising agencies have played a complementary
This lecture discusses the history and operations of multinational corporations (MNCs). It explains that MNCs first emerged to facilitate long-distance trade in the early modern period. Major modern MNCs operate across a wide range of industries from extraction and manufacturing to services. While MNCs can stimulate economic development and job creation, they also wield significant power over governments and influence policies. The case study of Shell in Nigeria illustrates how MNC activities have negatively impacted local environments and communities in the Niger Delta region through oil spills, pollution, and suppression of dissent.
This document provides information about the magazine "This Is Africa". It examines Africa's evolving global relationships and how new relationships are developing across business, policy, and development. The magazine helps inform senior politicians and business leaders engaging with Africa through interviews, commentary, and analysis. It provides indispensable business information and networking opportunities for those understanding Africa's strategic importance. The magazine focuses on relationships Africa is forging worldwide and how emerging markets are reshaping the continent's role. It speaks to influential figures to understand trends defining Africa's 21st century development.
Globalization refers to the increasing integration and interdependence of world economies, technologies, and cultures. While a form of globalization has existed throughout history, the current period began accelerating in the late 20th century due to several factors: advances in technology and transportation that facilitated the rapid movement of capital, goods, and information across borders; the growth of international organizations that promoted cooperation between countries; liberalization policies that reduced restrictions on trade; and the fall of communism which allowed formerly closed economies to enter the global marketplace.
The term Globalization was first coined by Theodore Levitt in a Harvard Business Review article..
He mentioned that the future belonged at global corporations that adopted strategies..
Globalization refers to the increasing unification of the world's economic order through reduction of such barriers to international trade as tariffs, export fees, and import quotas.
Globalization is a process that unifies people worldwide into a single society through economic and cultural integration. While it provides benefits like increased trade and spread of ideas, it also poses challenges for national education systems. It pushes education policies towards neoliberal frameworks that emphasize testing, choice, and competition. It also constrains national policymaking and increases inequality as jobs move to developing countries. Education must balance preparing students for the global market while developing responsible citizens. Reforms are needed to improve teacher pay, funding equity, and address mismatches between education and industry needs.
UNDP Round Table on Indigenous Trade and DevelopmentWayne Dunn
This document provides a report on proceedings from an Indigenous Trade and Development Round Table discussion held in Washington DC in 1994 between Indigenous leaders, organizations, and development institutions. The round table focused on opportunities for Indigenous partnerships and expanding fair trade. Presentations covered topics like Fairtrade, Indigenous success stories, and partnership opportunities. Participants recommended assembling financial and human resources to support sustainable Indigenous trade initiatives and working directly with Indigenous producers. The round table highlighted the potential of Indigenous partnerships and trade to support development.
One Young World - Presentation for Russia (short)Denis Chistyakov
1. One Young World is a global summit for young leaders aged 20-26 that provides leadership development and networking opportunities.
2. The 2011 summit will be held in Zurich from September 1-4 and will have over 1,600 delegates from 194 countries.
3. Companies can sponsor delegates and gain positive media exposure by participating. The cost for each sponsored delegate is just €3,000 and covers travel, accommodations and summit access.
Multinational companies and Foreign interferenceSairyl Rufino
Warren Buffett is an American business magnate, investor, and philanthropist widely considered one of the most successful investors of the 20th century. He is the chairman and CEO of Berkshire Hathaway, and consistently ranked among the wealthiest people in the world. In 2012, Time magazine named Buffett one of the most influential people globally.
Globalization refers to the increasing integration and interdependence of economies, technologies, and cultures around the world. It involves the free movement of goods, services, capital, and people between countries. While globalization offers opportunities through increased trade and cultural exchange, critics argue it favors wealthy nations and corporations over poorer countries and local communities. There are differing views on whether globalization should be altered, ended, or embraced for its opportunities.
Globalisation has been a longstanding process that accelerated in the late 20th century due to developments in transportation and communication technologies. This included advances like railways, steamships, jet aircraft, container ships, the internet, and smartphones. These lowered communication costs and led to increased global connections and interdependence through widened flows of capital, commodities, information, tourists, and migrants moving around the world.
Indian agribusiness and globalisation prospects and challenges 2 (1)prj_publication
This document summarizes an article on Indian agribusiness and globalization. It discusses how agribusiness in India has undergone changes since economic liberalization in 1991-1992. Globalization has led to more professional and scientific approaches in agribusiness. It has opened opportunities for socio-economic growth through diversification, increased productivity and employment. However, globalization also presents challenges like income inequality and loss of national sovereignty. The document also examines prospects and challenges for Indian agribusiness in the current globalized environment. It suggests measures like addressing socio-economic imbalances, facilitating innovation, and ensuring fair trade practices.
This document provides an overview of the global business environment. It discusses globalization and features like large-scale production and competition. It also examines the World Trade Organization (WTO) and its impact through increased exports and multilateral rules. A case study looks at the recession in the US from excessive credit and debt. The conclusion debates whether globalization is good or bad, and likens managing its effects to adapting to the weather.
Urbanization leads to rural migration and suburban concentration into cities. As cities grow, more land and waterways are modified to accommodate increased population needs. This modification impacts local ecosystems and drives changes in biogeochemical cycles. For example, fertilizer runoff from agricultural lands pollutes waterways and causes eutrophication. Urban areas also impact the climate through increased greenhouse gas emissions and the urban heat island effect. Understanding these environmental effects of urbanization is important for sustainable future development.
The proposed Jaitapur Nuclear Power Project in Maharashtra would be the largest nuclear power plant in the world. It plans to construct 6 European pressurized reactors, each producing 1650 megawatts of power for a total of 9,900 megawatts. The project faces significant opposition due to environmental and safety concerns in the seismically active region. Critics argue the project threatens the unique ecosystem of the Western Ghats and Konkan coast, and that India's regulatory system is not strong enough to ensure nuclear safety.
The Tehri Dam is a 260.5m high dam on the Bhagirathi River in Uttarakhand, India. It was initially taken up by the Uttar Pradesh government in the 1970s and is now a joint venture between the central and state governments. The dam provides hydroelectric power and supports irrigation and water supply. However, it has faced significant protests due to environmental and social impacts, including the displacement of over 100,000 people. Critics argue the dam's design is unsafe given the seismic activity in the region and a failure could impact over 10 million people. While steps have been taken to mitigate impacts, many argue the costs of the project outweigh the benefits.
Globalisation and Outsourcing : Impact on Agriculture and PoliticsNikhil Gupta
This is a Powerpoint Presentation on Globalization and Outsorcing . It includes Acknowledgement, meaning of globalization, impact on agriculture,impact on politics. impact of globaliazation on Indian Economy.
This presentation is made by Nikhil Gupta (nikhilgupta1998@yahoo.in)
Urbanisation (problems and suggested solutions) In ZimbabweDumisani Nhliziyo
This document discusses urbanization, including definitions, global trends, causes in Africa, and problems associated with urbanization. The major causes of urbanization in Africa are natural population increase and rural-to-urban migration driven by poverty and lack of opportunities in rural areas. Problems include unemployment, pollution, poor sanitation, disease outbreaks, traffic congestion, and increased crime. Suggested solutions are promoting rural development, improving public transportation, providing low-cost housing, encouraging the informal sector, controlling vehicle traffic, and involving communities in infrastructure planning.
The Enron Scandal document discusses the events surrounding Enron's bankruptcy in 2001. It provides a timeline showing Enron filing for bankruptcy in December 2001 after the SEC began an inquiry into its accounting practices in October. The document examines how Enron used complex accounting schemes to hide losses and inflate profits and stock prices. This included setting up dubious off-balance-sheet partnerships and selling bad assets to these partnerships in exchange for IOUs. The schemes allowed Enron to avoid consolidating debts and temporarily boost earnings. The document suggests multiple parties may be to blame and that the scandal revealed the need for accounting and corporate governance reforms.
Impact of globalisation on indian economyShiney Lakha
Globalization has increased integration of the Indian economy with the global economy since the early 1990s. Major reforms opened many sectors to foreign investment and made the economy more market-oriented. These changes fueled rapid economic growth that accelerated India's rise as a global economic power. However, challenges remain in sustaining high growth, reducing poverty and inequality, and creating enough jobs to absorb new entrants to the workforce.
India’s recent stand on Smart City Development and involvement of various high income countries; initiates the talk of ideal variables for smart city evolution by our own standards. With a vision of Urban Governance for general livability, it becomes imperative to study these parameters and ensure the evolution of our own concept of a Smart City. Our spatial planning models based on unique factors such as Human Diversity, Physical-Social networks and ICT impact on urban fabric, City resilience, etc. make it all the more interesting to evolve a blueprint for Planning a Smart City.
The paper centers the infrastructural developments for the Smart Urban Development in India. The research helps us arrive at a general line of action for Urban Planning implications catering to the Infrastructure Sector, amongst others; thus affecting environmental, social and economic structure significantly. The study further finds the scope of progress, encouraged from various government policies for successful implementation of Smart City Development. It also allows a peek into future scenario of improvements and deliberations particular to Indian standards in consideration with the scenario of other countries.
This document provides an overview of contemporary globalization and its key aspects, including:
- Economic globalization and the increasing interconnectedness of economies through trade organizations like NAFTA and the WTO.
- Technological globalization driven by advances in communication technologies.
- Cultural globalization and the spread of Western culture through multinational corporations.
- Political globalization represented by institutions like the United Nations.
- Military globalization and the role of global alliances.
It also discusses theories of globalization's effects from scholars like Friedman and potential consequences such as environmental damage, labor exploitation, and the erosion of traditional cultures.
This document summarizes the first session of an introductory globalization course. It includes an overview of the syllabus, assignments, and introductory concepts in globalization. Key topics discussed include defining globalization, debates around whether it is positive or negative, and the major processes involved such as increased flows of trade, people, and ideas that connect places globally and integrate economies. Examples of these processes include commodity chains, trade routes, colonialism, and free trade zones. The impacts of globalization on places like Canada are also examined.
This document summarizes the first session of an introductory geography course. It covered an overview of the syllabus, assignments, and introductory concepts related to the geography of culture and environment. Specifically, it discussed globalization including debates around definitions, processes, and impacts. Examples of commodity chains, trade routes, and roles in global production were provided. Challenges and perspectives on issues like free trade agreements, foreign investment, and debates between proponents and critics of neoliberal globalization were also summarized. Students were assigned preparatory tasks on researched commodity chains and supply lines for personal items as well as reading about the World Bank for the next class.
This document summarizes the first session of an introductory geography course. It covered an overview of the syllabus, assignments, and introductory concepts related to the geography of culture and environment. Specifically, it discussed globalization including debates around definitions, processes, and impacts. Examples of commodity chains, trade routes, and roles in globalization were provided. The impacts of colonialism and theories like staples thesis on Canada's economy were also summarized.
This document provides an overview of globalization, including its definition, types, benefits, challenges, causes, and effects. It discusses key concepts like the globalization of markets and production. Several global institutions that help manage and regulate global trade are mentioned, such as the WTO and IMF. Characteristics of global managers and stages of entering international markets are outlined. India's large skilled professional population abroad and natural resources are briefly noted.
Globalization refers to the increasing integration and interdependence of world economies through increased trade and cultural exchange. It involves free trade between nations and the integration of economies. Some key impacts of globalization include increased global cultural sharing, rising international business activity and investment, growing economic growth and development, as well as new health and environmental challenges. The document discusses the definition, types, advantages, and disadvantages of globalization.
This document provides an overview of globalization from the perspectives of both globalists and skeptics. It defines globalization and discusses its key components of economic, political, and cultural globalization. The document also summarizes arguments that globalization has increased world trade and GDP, as well as reduced poverty in places like China and India. However, skeptics argue that globalization has increased inequality both between and within nations. The document concludes that the debate revolves around the efficiency, fairness, and quality of life impacts of globalization.
Globalization, or a series of changes leading to a greater interdependence and integration of the world socially, economically, politically, and culturally, is an ongoing process that commenced centuries before with communication and trade between ancient civilizations, it was only in recent years that globalization became a revolutionary process fundamentally changing the way people live and interact with the rest of the world. The invention of the Internet by Tim Berners-Lee, coupled with cutting-edge transportation technology, paved the way for a greater degree of integration of the world than ever before
On the great disparity between the Global North and South Today. It also presents two schools of thought on the causes of disparity i.e., Classical Liberal Economic Theory and Dependency Theory.
Reference: Kegley
- Andre Gunder Frank argues that underdevelopment is not a natural state but is caused by exploitation through trade and investment between core "metropolitan" countries and peripheral "satellite" countries.
- Satellites are structured to export raw materials and imports goods from the core, leading to deteriorating terms of trade and the expropriation of economic surplus. Profits are not reinvested locally.
- Post-WWII, debt and structural adjustment programs imposed by the IMF and World Bank increased dependence and failed to promote development.
- Education systems teach knowledge that maintains dependence rather than meeting local needs.
- Frank argues that liberation requires studying capitalist development scientifically and leading countries to socialist revolution to escape increasing underdevelopment.
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OPV 361 Globalisation Lecture 1 4 X 2
1. Education, Markets and
Globalisation
Presenter: Dr Muavia Gallie (PhD)
Lecture 1 - 4
Week 1: 8 - 12 February 2010
1
Introduction
1. Group 1- Lectures on Monday (3&4) and Thursday (4&5);
2. Group 2 - Lectures on Monday (10), Tuesday (8) and Thursday
(8&9);
3. Lectures for six (6) weeks: 8-12 Feb, 15-19 Feb, 22-26 Feb, 1-
4 Mar, 8-12 Mar, and 15-18 Mar 2010;
4. Assignment (500 - 550 words) - Choose a topic on
Globalisation from within your field of specialisation - directives
- www.slideshare.net (LBL 880 Essay writing for students);
5. Design and produce an A3 poster on the assignment;
6. Work in groups of three (3) - produce your own work (different
topics) - read each other’s essay and make constructive
suggestions - final product must be marked out of 10 -
declaration - hand in on 8 March 2010 by 14h00;
7. Test on 4 March 2010, at 17h30 at Groenkloof, Exam in June. 2
1
2. Lecture 1
1. Analysing “Why are all the UFO’s in America?”
2. What is Globalisation?
3. What are the threats and opportunities?
4. Who are the key players?
5. What is the impact on women?
6. Why should the focus be on ‘putting people
first’?
7. What are the trade union priorities?
8. Why should we respect the fundamental rights of
workers?
9. How do we achieve ‘fair trade’?
10. Conclusion 3
1.1 Why are all the UFO’s in America?
• In groups of 5, analyse the 5 main ideas of this article.
1. Dominant influence of America - sitcoms, fake accent, fads and fashion,
Coca-Cola, Microsoft, McDonalds;
2. What is wrong with it? Swamping other cultures, ideological messages, ‘all
about the best’;
3. “Global village” - eliminating ‘distance’, ‘no levelling of the playing field’,
‘totalitarian control’, military --> socio-economic products, factories across the
world (cheap labour and lax environmental regulations);
4. Cocooning of trade unions and farmers (anti-communists) - but subsidising
agriculture and other industries, developing countries can’t compete,
examples from Nigeria, South Africa, New Zealand;
5. Emerging world (80% vote in UN, but 38% in IMF), use Western nations
using WTO, they will always be ‘ahead’, use technology (Microsoft), thinking
(bottle water), bio-patents, etc. 4
2
3. 1.2 What is Globalisation?
• Process of transforming (transcending) local or
regional into global;
• Local communities become a single global
community/society;
• At economic, technological, socio-cultural and
political levels;
• Integration of national economics into international
economy through trade, foreign direct investment,
capital flows, migration and spread of technology;
• Continuing development of communication and
transport technology;
• Deregulation and liberalisation;
• Privatisation of public sector services. 5
1.3 What are the threats and
opportunities of Globalisation?
Potential to generate wealth and improve living standards;
Provide products, skills and resources to global markets.
Χ Increased gap between rich and poor (1960 - 30:1, 1990 -
60:1, 2000 - 75:1) - focus mainly on ‘business interest’;
Χ Social and political implication - exclusion of large sections
of the world’s population, unemployment, growing wage
and income disparities (Sub-Saharan Africa 0.7%,
Industrialised countries 2%);
Χ Limited ‘local choice’ in economic policy and corporate
behaviour. 6
3
4. 1.4 Who are the key players?
• Multinational enterprises -
businesses;
• World Trade Organisation (WTO) -
international trade agreements;
• World Bank and the International
Monetary Fund (IMF) - loans and
technical assistance;
• National governments - outcomes
of globalisation.
7
1.5 What is the Impact of Globalisation
on women?
• Impact on men and women is different;
• Women in developing countries suffer
disproportionately when public service are cut
back;
• Girls are more likely to be withdrawn from
school;
• Trade policies entrench traditional inferior
roles assign to women;
• Young women now working in poor and
dangerous conditions.
8
4
5. 1.6 Why should the focus be on
‘putting people first’?
• Globalisation must support the
fundamental human rights and
sustainable development, and
generate prosperity for ordinary
poor people;
• Otherwise, it will lead to further
marginalisation and
impoverishment.
9
1.7 What are the trade union priorities?
• To convince governments and employers to
assume the responsibilities of globalisation;
• Campaigns at both national and international
levels for strong and effective regulation;
• TUC is pressing for: debt relief, increased aid, fair
trade terms, protection for public services, access
to essential medicines, capacity building and
assistance with international trade negotiations,
reform of the WTO, World Bank, IMF to ensure
greater transparency and democracy within their
operations.
10
5
6. 1.8 Why should we respect the
fundamental rights of workers?
• Ensure core labour standards - crucial to the
empowerment of people;
• Freedom of association, right to effective
collective bargaining, freedom from forced
and child labour, freedom from discrimination
are basic human rights;
• Need for coordination between WTO and
International Labour Organisation (ILO).
11
1.9 How do we achieve ‘fair trade’?
• Ensure that producers in poor countries get a
fair deal;
• Fair price for their goods, long term contracts
with real security, and support the knowledge
and skills that they need to develop their
businesses and increase sales;
• Empower consumers to use their purchasing
power in favour of the poor (Buy proudly
South Africa);
• Support small-scale producers to compete
with multi-nationals.
12
6
7. 1.10 Conclusion
• Give me the names of the countries of the world.
13
Africa 2000 Languages
14
7
8. Lecture 2
1. Definitions of Globalisation;
2. History of globalisation;
3. Modern globalisation;
4. Measuring globalisation;
5. Conclusion.
15
2.1 Defining Globalisation
• Charles Taze Russel (1897) - ‘corporation giants’;
• United Nations:
- Economic context = reduction and removal of barriers between national
borders i.o.t to facilitate the flow of goods, capital, services and labour;
• Saskia Sassen - “globalisation consists of an enormous variety of micro-
processes that begin to denationalise what had been constructed as
national - whether policies, capital, political subjectivities, urban space,
temporal frames, and any other of a variety of dynamics and domains.”;
• Tom Palmer - “elimination of state-enforced restrictions on exchanges
across borders and the increasingly integrated and complex global
system of production and exchanges that has emerged as a results”;
• Thomas L. Friedman - “flattening” of the world;
• Noam Chomsky - neoliberal form of economic globalisation;
• Herman E. Daly - internationalisations;
• Takis Fotopoulos - “opening and deregulation of commodity, capital16 and
labour markets …”
8
9. 2.2 History of Globalisation
• Gunder Frank - in existence since rise of trade links between Sumer and the Indus
Valley Civilisation in the third millennium B.C.;
• Hellenistic Age - commercialised urban centers were focused around the axis of Greek
culture from India to Spain;
• Roman Empire, Parthian Empire and Han Dynasty - development of the Silk Road in
Western China to boundaries of Parthian Empire, towards Rome;
• Islamic Golden Age - when Jewish and Muslim traders and explorers established a
sustained economy across the Old World i.t.o. crops, trade, knowledge and technology;
• Mongol Empire - travellers and missionaries such as Marco Polo’s journey;
• Age of Discovery - Eurasia and Africa in cultural, material and biological exchange with
the New World (1495);
• Portuguese establishing factories from Africa to Asia and Brazil (16th century);
• British East India Company founded in 1600;
• British conquest of India (19th century) - European exports;
• Gold standard crisis and Great Depression of late 1920s and early 1930s;
• USA and Europe (middle 20th century) - export ‘mass media’;
• Late 2000 - 45% of global wealth destroyed in less than 1.5 years;
• Now China is world’s largest exporter, surpassing Germany. 17
2.3 Modern Globalisation
• World War II - attempt by politicians to break down borders
hampering trade to increase prosperity and interdependence
thereby decreasing the change of future war;
• Bretton Woods conference - framework for international
commerce and finance;
• Founding of international institutions to oversee the
processes - World Bank, GATT, WTO (promotion of free
trade - 7 areas: elimination of tariffs; reduce transport cost;
reduce capital controls; reduce subsidies for local
businesses; create subsidies for global corporations;
harmonise intellectual property laws; supra-national
recognition of intellectual property restrictions);
18
9
10. 2.4 Measuring Globalisation
• Four main economic flows:
- goods and services;
- labour/people;
- capital;
- technology
• KOF Index of Globalisation:
- economic (Singapore);
- social (Switzerland);
- political (France);
• Most globalised country in 2009 is Belgium;
• Indicate South Africa’s ratings!!
19
2.5 Conclusion - Index
20
10
11. Globalisation Index Economic Globalisation Social Globalisation Political Globalisation
Globalisation Index 2
21
Globalisation Index Economic Globalisation Social Globalisation Political Globalisation
Globalisation Index 3
22
11
12. Globalisation Index Economic Globalisation Social Globalisation Political Globalisation
Globalisation Index 4
23
Globalisation Index Economic Globalisation Social Globalisation Political Globalisation
Globalisation Index 5
24
12
13. Globalisation Index Economic Globalisation Social Globalisation Political Globalisation
Globalisation Index 6
25
Globalisation Index Economic Globalisation Social Globalisation Political Globalisation
Globalisation Index 7
26
13
14. Globalisation Video - 7.23 min
27
Lecture 3
1.Effects of
globalisation;
2.Pro-globalisation
(globalism);
3.Conclusion.
28
14
15. 3.1.1 Effects of Globalisation
• Industrial – emergence of worldwide
production markets and broader access
of foreign products for consumers and
companies;
• Financial – emergence of worldwide
markets and better access to external
financing from borrowers;
• Economic – realisation of a global
common market, base on freedom of
exchange of goods and capital.
29
3.1.2 Effects of Globalisation
• Health policy – under the demand of Structural
Adjustment Programmes (SAP), health system are
fragmented and privatised;
• Political – creation of a world government which
regulates the relationship among governments and
guarantees the right arising from social and
economic globalisation;
• Information – increase information flows between
geographically remote locations with the advent of
fibre optic communications, satellites, and increase
in availability of telephone and Internet.
30
15
16. 3.1.3 Effects of Globalisation
• Language – most popular language is
Mandarin (845 million), Spanish (329 million)
and English (328 million) – 35% mail, 40% radio
and 50% Internet in English;
• Competition – survival calls for improved
productivity and increased competition;
• Ecological – this challenge might be solved
with international cooperation, such as climate
change, cross boundary water and air pollution,
over-fishing of the ocean, and the spread of
invasive species.
31
3.1.4 Effects of Globalisation
• Cultural – growth of cross-cultural contacts;
spread of multi-culturalism (Hollywood,
Bollywood, Nollywood);
• Social – development of system of non-
governmental organisations as main agents
of global public policy;
• Technical – global information system,
telecommunication infrastructure and
greater trans-border data flow such as
Internet, communication satellites, wireless
telephones.
32
16
17. 3.1.5 Effects of Globalisation
• Legal/Ethical – creation of international
criminal court and justice movements;
crime importation and raising awareness
of global crime-fighting efforts and
cooperation; emergence of global
administrative law;
• Religious – spread and increased inter-
relations of various religious groups, ideas
and practices and their ideas of the
meaning and values of particular spaces.
33
3.1.7 Cultural effects
• Culture = patterns of human activity and symbols
that give these activities significance;
• What people eat, how they dress, beliefs they
hold, and activities they practice;
• Example: Food
- Someone in America can be eating Japanese
noodles for lunch while someone in Sydney,
Australia is eating classic Italian meatballs;
- India is known for its curry and exotic spices;
- France is known for its cheeses;
- America is known for its burgers and fries;
34
17
18. 3.1.6 Negative Effects
• Globalisation is one of the most hotly debated topic in
international economics over past few years;
• Concern that it has increased inequality and environmental
degradation;
• Midwestern USA - reduced competitive edge in industry and
agriculture, lowering the quality of life;
• Flow of information, goods, capital and people has helped spread
some of deadliest infectious diseases known to humans;
• Opportunities in richer countries - brain drain;
• 2000 - 1% richest people owned 40% global assets;
• 2001 - 46.4% people in sub-Saharan Africa living in extreme
poverty;
• Nearly half of all Indian children are under-nourished;
• At present rate, tropical rainforest in Indonesia logged out in 10
years, 13-16 years in Papua New Guinea;
• 50% more energy, food and water required by 2030. 35
3.1.7 Sweatshops
• Foreign businesses take advantage of the
lower wage rate in poor countries;
• Sweatshops are widely used by sports shoe
manufacturers (Nike);
• Employees agree to low wages - if labour laws
alter and stricter rules, they close down and
relocate to other nations;
• Focus on anti-sweatshop campaigns and
education;
• USA - Decent Working Conditions and Fair
Competition Act - no child labour, no forced
labour. 36
18
19. 3.2 Pro-Globalisation (Globalism)
• Supporters claim it increases economic
prosperity and opportunity;
• Enhances civil liberties and more efficient
allocation of resources;
• Leads to lower prices, more employment,
higher output and higher living standards in
developing countries;
• Higher degree of political and economic
freedom;
• Spread of liberty and capitalism.
37
Sweatshop Video
38
19
20. Lecture 4
1.Anti-globalisation;
2.International social
forums;
3.Conclusion.
39
4.1.1 Anti-Globalisation
• Process or actions taken by a state or
its people in order to demonstrate its
sovereignty and practice democratic
decision making;
• Maintain barriers to international
transfer of people, goods and beliefs;
• Single or umbrella movements;
• They look at both damage of planet and
perceived human cost.
40
20
21. 4.1.2 Anti-Globalisation
• Critics argue that:
- Poorer countries suffering
disadvantages;
- Exploitation of foreign impoverished
workers;
- Shifts to oursourcing;
- Weak labour unions;
- increase exploitation of child labour.
41
4.1.3 Anti-Globalisation
Distribution of world GDP 1989
Quintile of Population Income
Richest 20% 82.7%
Second 20% 11.7%
Third 20% 2.3%
Fourth 205 2.4%
Poorest 20% 0.2% 42
21
22. 4.2 International social forums
• World Social Forum (WSF)
- European;
- Asian;
- Africa.
• First WSF in 2001 in Brazil under
slogan “Another World is Possible”
43
WSF Video 1
44
22