Text tries to showcase and illustrate the role and importance of retrofitting in the domain of built environment to make cities and human living cost-effective and sustainable. It tries to demonstrate how retrofitting can be leveraged and used to make value addition to the buildings by increasing their life span and usability. besides changing their usage and creating spaces needed by the city. It can promote inclusiveness and make cities least consumers of energy, resources and reducing the constrution and demolition of urban waste. Text also brings out the advantages and limitation of the process.
Construction sector remains crucial for any state and country for its rapid growth and development.. Majority of resources/spending in any nation is used by the construction sector. Creation of large and valuable assets has its genesis in the construction industry. Construction industry remains major consumer of resources and generation of the waste. It is also known to be largest generator of employment and promoter of industrialization. More than 290 industries are said to be involved in providing products which are used by the industry. Considering the critical role and importance of construction industry in the economy, environment and sustainability, considering the large amount of construction being taken up , it is important that construction sector must be made more cost-effective, material-efficient and sustainable. Paper tries to bring out the role and context of construction sector in any economy and also tries to define the need for making it more sustainable. Taking the example of Singapore , paper tries to illustrate how the sector can be made more effective and efficient, Paper also defines the role of continued research and development in the area of new materials and new technologies to make the construction sector both qualitative and sustainable, Paper also defines the context of pre-fabrication and new materials in making construction sector sustainable.
Site planning in Architectural Projects- Principles and ApproachesJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Write up is an attempt to define in principles governing the site planning and setting of the buildings in the context of site so as to make them rational and sustainable. It defines the principles and approach to site planning.
PPT is trying to brief role and importance of technology in making buildings qualitative, least consumer of energy cost-effective and sustainable. It also briefs about the agencies and involved in promoting technologies and also looks on the technologies in brief. It also considers role and importance of the materials in making buildings cost-effective. Presentation also tries to highlight the need of respecting material and using them in the natural form besides looking at the life-cycle cost to make them cost-effective in real sense of the term.
Site planning in Architectural Projects- Principles and ApproachesJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Paper defines in brief the principles, studies, analysis, which need to be carried out before preparing site plan of any project. Paper highlights the role, importance and criticality of site planning in making optimum use of land resource, resource existing at site, orientation, wind, sun, flora and fauna, landscaping, building design etc to make the project rational, sustainable
Role and Importance of Pre-brication in Promoting HousingJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Prefabrication ,as the preferred construction technology, has its genesis in the post- second world war period, when the demand for rapid construction was rising rapidly in the face of availability of lesser number of skilled manpower in the construction . For making construction, cost-effective, time- efficient, safe and qualitative, it was thought prudent to shift the gears of construction from on-site to off-site and transforming construction of buildings to manufacturing of buildings on mass scale. Paper tries to define in brief the history, genesis, advantages and limitations of the pre-fabrication as a method of construction. Bringing out its different facets and its future role in the construction industry...
Managing cost and making housing cost- EffectiveJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Housing is known to be the most cost-intensive, labor intensive, resource intensive activity and accordingly remains most difficult to create and provide for individuals, states and nations. However, looking / considering at the length , breadth and depth of the housing and the components involved in the making of the housing, there exists numerous opportunities to make housing cost-effective and affordable. Paper accordingly looks at the options at how to make housing most affordable in terms of-- cost, money, resources etc. It looks at the options of architectural design, building materials, construction technologies, levies, taxes, fees, project management ,sourcing land etc. as the options to minimize the cost and make shelter affordable and cost-effective in terms of livability and quality of life.
Role and Importance of Pre-fabrication in Promoting Sustainable Built Enviro...JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Presentation is an attempt to define role and importance of pre-fabrication in creating built environment and its advantages over and above the traditional system of construction in terms of cost, speed, wastage, quality, theft ,safety etc
Paper is an attempt to look at the context of construction sector in terms of its role and importance in generating employment, leveraging economy, making contribution to national wealth and promote sustainability.It tries to identify the challenges faced by the construction sector and suggest options to make it globally competitive, qualitative and vibrant, It call for skilling the manpower deployed in the sector and promoting R&D to make it more inclusive and productive.
Construction sector remains crucial for any state and country for its rapid growth and development.. Majority of resources/spending in any nation is used by the construction sector. Creation of large and valuable assets has its genesis in the construction industry. Construction industry remains major consumer of resources and generation of the waste. It is also known to be largest generator of employment and promoter of industrialization. More than 290 industries are said to be involved in providing products which are used by the industry. Considering the critical role and importance of construction industry in the economy, environment and sustainability, considering the large amount of construction being taken up , it is important that construction sector must be made more cost-effective, material-efficient and sustainable. Paper tries to bring out the role and context of construction sector in any economy and also tries to define the need for making it more sustainable. Taking the example of Singapore , paper tries to illustrate how the sector can be made more effective and efficient, Paper also defines the role of continued research and development in the area of new materials and new technologies to make the construction sector both qualitative and sustainable, Paper also defines the context of pre-fabrication and new materials in making construction sector sustainable.
Site planning in Architectural Projects- Principles and ApproachesJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Write up is an attempt to define in principles governing the site planning and setting of the buildings in the context of site so as to make them rational and sustainable. It defines the principles and approach to site planning.
PPT is trying to brief role and importance of technology in making buildings qualitative, least consumer of energy cost-effective and sustainable. It also briefs about the agencies and involved in promoting technologies and also looks on the technologies in brief. It also considers role and importance of the materials in making buildings cost-effective. Presentation also tries to highlight the need of respecting material and using them in the natural form besides looking at the life-cycle cost to make them cost-effective in real sense of the term.
Site planning in Architectural Projects- Principles and ApproachesJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Paper defines in brief the principles, studies, analysis, which need to be carried out before preparing site plan of any project. Paper highlights the role, importance and criticality of site planning in making optimum use of land resource, resource existing at site, orientation, wind, sun, flora and fauna, landscaping, building design etc to make the project rational, sustainable
Role and Importance of Pre-brication in Promoting HousingJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Prefabrication ,as the preferred construction technology, has its genesis in the post- second world war period, when the demand for rapid construction was rising rapidly in the face of availability of lesser number of skilled manpower in the construction . For making construction, cost-effective, time- efficient, safe and qualitative, it was thought prudent to shift the gears of construction from on-site to off-site and transforming construction of buildings to manufacturing of buildings on mass scale. Paper tries to define in brief the history, genesis, advantages and limitations of the pre-fabrication as a method of construction. Bringing out its different facets and its future role in the construction industry...
Managing cost and making housing cost- EffectiveJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Housing is known to be the most cost-intensive, labor intensive, resource intensive activity and accordingly remains most difficult to create and provide for individuals, states and nations. However, looking / considering at the length , breadth and depth of the housing and the components involved in the making of the housing, there exists numerous opportunities to make housing cost-effective and affordable. Paper accordingly looks at the options at how to make housing most affordable in terms of-- cost, money, resources etc. It looks at the options of architectural design, building materials, construction technologies, levies, taxes, fees, project management ,sourcing land etc. as the options to minimize the cost and make shelter affordable and cost-effective in terms of livability and quality of life.
Role and Importance of Pre-fabrication in Promoting Sustainable Built Enviro...JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Presentation is an attempt to define role and importance of pre-fabrication in creating built environment and its advantages over and above the traditional system of construction in terms of cost, speed, wastage, quality, theft ,safety etc
Paper is an attempt to look at the context of construction sector in terms of its role and importance in generating employment, leveraging economy, making contribution to national wealth and promote sustainability.It tries to identify the challenges faced by the construction sector and suggest options to make it globally competitive, qualitative and vibrant, It call for skilling the manpower deployed in the sector and promoting R&D to make it more inclusive and productive.
This document discusses the climatic zones of India and their implications for green building design. It outlines five main climatic zones - hot and dry, warm and humid, moderate/temperate, cold (cloudy/sunny), and composite. For each zone, it describes the key thermal comfort requirements and how they can be addressed through physical design elements like building orientation, insulation, shading, ventilation strategies, and materials. The hot and dry zone focuses on reducing heat gain, while the warm and humid zone addresses both heat gain reduction and heat loss promotion through ventilation. Addressing climatic considerations is an important part of integrated green building design.
Site planning in Architectural Projects- Principles and ApproachesJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Paper makes an attempt to define the process, elements and principles which should be considered for site planning in the architectural projects. Paper also defines the role and importance of the site planning in planning, designing and making the projects sustainable.
TECNALIA is a leading applied research center in Spain that identifies business opportunities through applied research. One of its divisions focuses on sustainable construction, promoting transformation and solutions to challenges in the sector. The division has expertise in areas like innovative and sustainable materials, industrialized construction processes, smart buildings and cities, and infrastructure. It has various facilities and over 1,500 experts for research and collaboration with companies.
Role and Importance of Prefrication in Promoting Sustainable Built EnvironmentJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Paper tries to bring out origin, growth, development of Prefabrication as a method of construction to promote mass construction and cost-effectiveness in construction besides defining advantages and limitations of this construction technologies.
concept of cost Efficient construction Jifara Chimdi
This document discusses cost efficient construction. It defines cost efficient construction as using appropriate technologies and materials to construct cost effective, energy efficient, and environmentally friendly structures. It notes the growing demand for housing and increasing construction costs. Cost efficient construction aims to use locally available, low cost materials to improve housing affordability. The document outlines various technologies, materials, and strategic plans that can reduce construction costs while meeting structural and environmental standards, with a focus on affordable housing applications in Ethiopia.
Construction and construction practices and their effects on the environmentCaryl Jane Veriña
Construction involves the planning, design, and building of structures. It begins with planning and design then continues until the structure is ready for occupancy. There are nine main types of construction including residential, commercial, multi-family, healthcare, industrial, institutional, and heavy civil construction. New construction techniques focus on sustainability, efficiency, and reducing waste through advances like 3D printing and new materials and building methods. Construction impacts the environment through consuming resources and creating pollutants, but sustainable approaches aim to reduce this impact.
Presentation tries to focus on construction sector in India, its role and importance in promoting economy, employment and create wealth for the nation.Presentation also looks at the roadblocks in operation of the construction sector and suggest measures for making it effective and efficient
This document provides information on sustainable building materials and design strategies. It discusses using locally sourced, durable materials with low embodied energy, like rammed earth, timber framing, straw bale construction and cork/bamboo flooring. Design strategies recommended include optimizing energy and water efficiency, using recycled materials, and selecting materials and resources to minimize environmental impacts over the building's lifecycle. Sustainable roofs suggested are made from materials like slate, clay or cement that are durable but also fiber-cement composites and precast concrete.
Waste Management of Construction and Demolition Material towards Sustainable ...IJSRED
This document summarizes a research paper about managing construction and demolition waste in Nagpur City, India in a sustainable way. It discusses how construction waste is increasing rapidly as building activity increases. If not recycled properly, this waste can cause environmental problems. The paper proposes developing a system to recycle construction and demolition waste to reduce illegal dumping and environmental destruction. Recycling this waste can produce recycled materials like concrete, pavers and blocks that can be used in construction at a lower cost while maintaining strength and durability. This supports sustainable waste management and development.
The document discusses trends in sustainable building design and low energy buildings. It covers several topics:
1. It describes various trend-setting sustainable building designs from around the world that use techniques like vertical gardens, biomimicry, and seamless indoor-outdoor integration.
2. It discusses the characteristics and goals of low energy buildings, which aim to reduce embodied and operational energy through techniques like passive design, automation, and renewable energy integration.
3. It proposes new sustainability indicators and models for comprehensively assessing the environmental impacts of building materials and construction processes from a life cycle perspective.
Site Planning in Architectural Projects- Principles and Approach JIT KUMAR GUPTA
This document discusses principles and approaches for site planning in architectural projects. It notes that buildings have a major role in making human settlements sustainable, and that site planning is crucial for architectural design solutions. The key principles of site planning discussed are respecting the existing site features, planning with nature using elements like sun and greenery, adopting strategies to protect and enhance existing features, minimizing building footprints, keeping maximum areas open, and making provisions for rainwater harvesting and groundwater recharging. The document emphasizes that a thorough understanding and analysis of the site is important for rational site planning. It outlines the various factors that should be considered in site planning such as project requirements, site characteristics, building regulations, climate, and orientation.
Conservation of Concrete Structure in BuildingsMalkit Singh
Presentation on Conservation of Concrete Structure in Buildings by Prof. Jagjit Singh Ghuman, Life Member INTACH, Formerly Chief Town Planner and Head T&CP Deptt., Govt. of Pb. in Guest Lecture Cum Workshop On "Cultural Heritage Conservation: Towards New Paradigm" organised by Chandigarh College of Architecture on 3rd May, 2013
National Conference on Alternative building Technologies and green Buildings. Concept of Green buildings and high performance buildings discussed in the framework of sustainability and assessment of impact of Built environment on natural environment.
Greener Pastures is a business plan for a company that will develop and manufacture green building products in India. The plan outlines the need for more sustainable building practices in India given problems of pollution, population growth, and resource depletion. Greener Pastures will locate its manufacturing plant in Mundra, Gujarat, a special economic zone, and will partner with New Ventures India and IBM to develop products like smart grids, efficient lighting and HVAC systems, cool roofs, and water saving technologies. These products will be marketed towards developers and commercial tenants using strategies like educational campaigns, case studies, and positioning the company as a solution for social responsibility. The financial plan estimates the value of the initial real estate investment to be
This document discusses sustainable construction. It outlines how the BRE Environmental Assessment Method provides a comprehensive way to measure and monitor environmental performance in construction. It considers economic, environmental and social sustainability. The challenges of improving older housing stocks are also discussed, as well as opportunities in new homes to build with minimal environmental impact. Various policies and initiatives to promote sustainability are mentioned, including building regulations and the Code for Sustainable Homes. Specific sustainable construction materials and techniques are also outlined.
A B S T R A C T
Industrial buildings as an example of cultural heritage transforms our cultural identity from past to the present and even for the future. Unfortunately, there are lots of industrial building which lost its function by converting the place to live and identifiable place. This research will clarify the reasons of conserving of the industrial heritage and by classification of international charters which are dealing with industrial heritage will introduce conservation methods for adaptive reuse of industrial buildings. As a case study, the research will focus on Energy Museum in Istanbul. To assess the building based on reusing principals. The study concludes that Energy Museum is one of the successful examples of reuse of the building. It also concludes that less intervention in reusing a building can save the identity of the building.
Retrofitting of Concrete Structures: A ReviewIRJET Journal
This document provides a review of retrofitting techniques for concrete structures. It begins with an abstract that outlines the importance of retrofitting aging infrastructure. The introduction discusses how factors like natural disasters, overloading, and corrosion can damage concrete structures over time.
The body of the document then explores various retrofitting methods in detail. It defines retrofitting as upgrading existing structures with new technologies or components. Different retrofitting techniques for concrete members are described, including concrete jacketing, carbon fiber reinforced polymer jacketing, steel jacketing, and steel caging. The literature review summarizes several studies that experimentally tested strengthening concrete beams using various fiber reinforced polymer and hybrid fiber techniques. In general, the document provides a comprehensive overview of the need for
REPAIR, REHABILITATION &RETROFITTING OF RCC FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT WITH ...civej
The construction material mainly reinforced concrete is being used extensively for various types of
construction projects. However, the deterioration of Reinforced Concrete structures is recognized as a
major problem worldwide. Apart from requiring regular maintenance, many structures require extensive
Repair, Rehabilitation &Retrofitting. Over a period of time, as these structures become older, we find in
them certain degradation or deterioration with resultant distress manifested in the form of cracking,
splitting, delaminating, corrosion etc. Such deteriorated structures can be rehabilitated and retrofitted by
using various types of admixtures & modern repair materials. The paper brings out the present state of
concrete structures & the major areas where improvement is needed during its service life stage for
sustainable development & also the method of carrying out Repair, Rehabilitation &Retrofitting.This has
been brought in details in the paper along with Case studies, where the Author of the paper was directly
involved in planning and execution of the jobs.
This document discusses the climatic zones of India and their implications for green building design. It outlines five main climatic zones - hot and dry, warm and humid, moderate/temperate, cold (cloudy/sunny), and composite. For each zone, it describes the key thermal comfort requirements and how they can be addressed through physical design elements like building orientation, insulation, shading, ventilation strategies, and materials. The hot and dry zone focuses on reducing heat gain, while the warm and humid zone addresses both heat gain reduction and heat loss promotion through ventilation. Addressing climatic considerations is an important part of integrated green building design.
Site planning in Architectural Projects- Principles and ApproachesJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Paper makes an attempt to define the process, elements and principles which should be considered for site planning in the architectural projects. Paper also defines the role and importance of the site planning in planning, designing and making the projects sustainable.
TECNALIA is a leading applied research center in Spain that identifies business opportunities through applied research. One of its divisions focuses on sustainable construction, promoting transformation and solutions to challenges in the sector. The division has expertise in areas like innovative and sustainable materials, industrialized construction processes, smart buildings and cities, and infrastructure. It has various facilities and over 1,500 experts for research and collaboration with companies.
Role and Importance of Prefrication in Promoting Sustainable Built EnvironmentJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Paper tries to bring out origin, growth, development of Prefabrication as a method of construction to promote mass construction and cost-effectiveness in construction besides defining advantages and limitations of this construction technologies.
concept of cost Efficient construction Jifara Chimdi
This document discusses cost efficient construction. It defines cost efficient construction as using appropriate technologies and materials to construct cost effective, energy efficient, and environmentally friendly structures. It notes the growing demand for housing and increasing construction costs. Cost efficient construction aims to use locally available, low cost materials to improve housing affordability. The document outlines various technologies, materials, and strategic plans that can reduce construction costs while meeting structural and environmental standards, with a focus on affordable housing applications in Ethiopia.
Construction and construction practices and their effects on the environmentCaryl Jane Veriña
Construction involves the planning, design, and building of structures. It begins with planning and design then continues until the structure is ready for occupancy. There are nine main types of construction including residential, commercial, multi-family, healthcare, industrial, institutional, and heavy civil construction. New construction techniques focus on sustainability, efficiency, and reducing waste through advances like 3D printing and new materials and building methods. Construction impacts the environment through consuming resources and creating pollutants, but sustainable approaches aim to reduce this impact.
Presentation tries to focus on construction sector in India, its role and importance in promoting economy, employment and create wealth for the nation.Presentation also looks at the roadblocks in operation of the construction sector and suggest measures for making it effective and efficient
This document provides information on sustainable building materials and design strategies. It discusses using locally sourced, durable materials with low embodied energy, like rammed earth, timber framing, straw bale construction and cork/bamboo flooring. Design strategies recommended include optimizing energy and water efficiency, using recycled materials, and selecting materials and resources to minimize environmental impacts over the building's lifecycle. Sustainable roofs suggested are made from materials like slate, clay or cement that are durable but also fiber-cement composites and precast concrete.
Waste Management of Construction and Demolition Material towards Sustainable ...IJSRED
This document summarizes a research paper about managing construction and demolition waste in Nagpur City, India in a sustainable way. It discusses how construction waste is increasing rapidly as building activity increases. If not recycled properly, this waste can cause environmental problems. The paper proposes developing a system to recycle construction and demolition waste to reduce illegal dumping and environmental destruction. Recycling this waste can produce recycled materials like concrete, pavers and blocks that can be used in construction at a lower cost while maintaining strength and durability. This supports sustainable waste management and development.
The document discusses trends in sustainable building design and low energy buildings. It covers several topics:
1. It describes various trend-setting sustainable building designs from around the world that use techniques like vertical gardens, biomimicry, and seamless indoor-outdoor integration.
2. It discusses the characteristics and goals of low energy buildings, which aim to reduce embodied and operational energy through techniques like passive design, automation, and renewable energy integration.
3. It proposes new sustainability indicators and models for comprehensively assessing the environmental impacts of building materials and construction processes from a life cycle perspective.
Site Planning in Architectural Projects- Principles and Approach JIT KUMAR GUPTA
This document discusses principles and approaches for site planning in architectural projects. It notes that buildings have a major role in making human settlements sustainable, and that site planning is crucial for architectural design solutions. The key principles of site planning discussed are respecting the existing site features, planning with nature using elements like sun and greenery, adopting strategies to protect and enhance existing features, minimizing building footprints, keeping maximum areas open, and making provisions for rainwater harvesting and groundwater recharging. The document emphasizes that a thorough understanding and analysis of the site is important for rational site planning. It outlines the various factors that should be considered in site planning such as project requirements, site characteristics, building regulations, climate, and orientation.
Conservation of Concrete Structure in BuildingsMalkit Singh
Presentation on Conservation of Concrete Structure in Buildings by Prof. Jagjit Singh Ghuman, Life Member INTACH, Formerly Chief Town Planner and Head T&CP Deptt., Govt. of Pb. in Guest Lecture Cum Workshop On "Cultural Heritage Conservation: Towards New Paradigm" organised by Chandigarh College of Architecture on 3rd May, 2013
National Conference on Alternative building Technologies and green Buildings. Concept of Green buildings and high performance buildings discussed in the framework of sustainability and assessment of impact of Built environment on natural environment.
Greener Pastures is a business plan for a company that will develop and manufacture green building products in India. The plan outlines the need for more sustainable building practices in India given problems of pollution, population growth, and resource depletion. Greener Pastures will locate its manufacturing plant in Mundra, Gujarat, a special economic zone, and will partner with New Ventures India and IBM to develop products like smart grids, efficient lighting and HVAC systems, cool roofs, and water saving technologies. These products will be marketed towards developers and commercial tenants using strategies like educational campaigns, case studies, and positioning the company as a solution for social responsibility. The financial plan estimates the value of the initial real estate investment to be
This document discusses sustainable construction. It outlines how the BRE Environmental Assessment Method provides a comprehensive way to measure and monitor environmental performance in construction. It considers economic, environmental and social sustainability. The challenges of improving older housing stocks are also discussed, as well as opportunities in new homes to build with minimal environmental impact. Various policies and initiatives to promote sustainability are mentioned, including building regulations and the Code for Sustainable Homes. Specific sustainable construction materials and techniques are also outlined.
A B S T R A C T
Industrial buildings as an example of cultural heritage transforms our cultural identity from past to the present and even for the future. Unfortunately, there are lots of industrial building which lost its function by converting the place to live and identifiable place. This research will clarify the reasons of conserving of the industrial heritage and by classification of international charters which are dealing with industrial heritage will introduce conservation methods for adaptive reuse of industrial buildings. As a case study, the research will focus on Energy Museum in Istanbul. To assess the building based on reusing principals. The study concludes that Energy Museum is one of the successful examples of reuse of the building. It also concludes that less intervention in reusing a building can save the identity of the building.
Retrofitting of Concrete Structures: A ReviewIRJET Journal
This document provides a review of retrofitting techniques for concrete structures. It begins with an abstract that outlines the importance of retrofitting aging infrastructure. The introduction discusses how factors like natural disasters, overloading, and corrosion can damage concrete structures over time.
The body of the document then explores various retrofitting methods in detail. It defines retrofitting as upgrading existing structures with new technologies or components. Different retrofitting techniques for concrete members are described, including concrete jacketing, carbon fiber reinforced polymer jacketing, steel jacketing, and steel caging. The literature review summarizes several studies that experimentally tested strengthening concrete beams using various fiber reinforced polymer and hybrid fiber techniques. In general, the document provides a comprehensive overview of the need for
REPAIR, REHABILITATION &RETROFITTING OF RCC FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT WITH ...civej
The construction material mainly reinforced concrete is being used extensively for various types of
construction projects. However, the deterioration of Reinforced Concrete structures is recognized as a
major problem worldwide. Apart from requiring regular maintenance, many structures require extensive
Repair, Rehabilitation &Retrofitting. Over a period of time, as these structures become older, we find in
them certain degradation or deterioration with resultant distress manifested in the form of cracking,
splitting, delaminating, corrosion etc. Such deteriorated structures can be rehabilitated and retrofitted by
using various types of admixtures & modern repair materials. The paper brings out the present state of
concrete structures & the major areas where improvement is needed during its service life stage for
sustainable development & also the method of carrying out Repair, Rehabilitation &Retrofitting.This has
been brought in details in the paper along with Case studies, where the Author of the paper was directly
involved in planning and execution of the jobs.
This document provides definitions and key principles of green building from various agencies. It defines green building as increasing building efficiency in energy, water and materials use, while reducing impacts on health and environment over the building's lifecycle from siting to construction to decommissioning. It discusses the importance of green building in taking an intelligent approach to energy use, safeguarding water resources, minimizing waste, promoting health and well-being, preserving landscapes, and creating resilient structures. The document then outlines fundamental principles of sustainable site design, water conservation, energy use, indoor environmental quality, and use of materials in green building.
Seismic retrofit for rcc structureslocal global consequencesHashim k abdul azeez
This document discusses various schemes for retrofitting reinforced concrete structures to improve their seismic performance. It begins by outlining the objectives and framework for rehabilitation, including setting performance targets based on acceptable damage levels. It then describes several local and global intervention methods. Local methods include injecting cracks, using shotcrete, steel plate adhesion, steel jacketing, and externally bonded fiber-reinforced polymers. Global methods involve overall structural modification through techniques like base isolation or supplemental damping. The document stresses the importance of considering both structural and non-structural elements as well as foundation systems when selecting rehabilitation strategies.
A systematic approach towards restoration of heritage buildings a case studyeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
A systematic approach towards restoration of heritage buildings a case studyeSAT Journals
Abstract Heritage structures perform vital role in nation’s history, culture and signify the richness of it. To augment life and enhance strength, their restoration is very important for the future generations to have knowledge about how mankind lived in past ages. Restoration involves investigating, diagnosing and correcting deficiencies and deterioration of any structure. Identification of common defects and problems faced in old structures and devising a systematic approach towards handling these issues is civil engineer’s obligation. A case study throws light on the various problems encountered and the methods employed to tackle them. This paper focuses on such problems and methodology to handle these problems while respecting structure’s cultural integrity with the help of a case study. It also seeks to highlight the need for a greater awareness and the need to take precautionary measures of the immediate effects, and of the long-term management issues of heritage structures. Index Terms: Heritage structures, defects, evaluation, systematic approach etc.
Economic and Cultural Aspects to Adaptive Reuse of old buildingsAmeeshi Goenka
This document summarizes an academic paper on the economic and socio-cultural aspects of adaptive reuse. It discusses several case studies of historic buildings that have been adaptively reused, including the Melbourne GPO building converted into a shopping arcade, the Utah State Historical Society building converted into an archive, and the Nottingham Lace Market warehouses converted into small businesses. It also examines the concept of obsolescence and how adaptive reuse can increase a building's useful life. The document argues that adaptive reuse can preserve cultural heritage while also proving more economically viable than new construction.
IRJET- Adaptive Reuse- A Case of Lal Baradari, LucknowIRJET Journal
This document summarizes an academic paper about the adaptive reuse of the Lal Baradari building in Lucknow, India. It provides background on adaptive reuse and principles of conservation. It then discusses the Lal Baradari building specifically, which was originally used for coronations and assemblies by rulers of Oudh. The document explores potential adaptive reuse strategies for energizing the currently underdeveloped building as an alternative to demolition, while respecting its historic and cultural significance.
REHABILITATION/RETROFITING OF CONCRETE STRUCTURES ALONG WITH CASE STUDYcivej
The construction material mainly concrete is being used extensively for various types of construction
projects. However, the deterioration of Reinforced Concrete structures is recognized as a major problem
worldwide. Apart from requiring regular maintenance, many structures require extensive
Repair/Rehabilitation/Retrofitting. Over a period of time, as these structures become older, we find in them
certain degradation or deterioration with resultant distress manifested in the form of cracking, splitting,
delaminating, corrosion etc. Such deteriorated structures can be rehabilitated and retrofitted by using
various types of admixtures & modern repair materials. The paper brings out the present state of concrete
structures & the major areas where improvement is needed during its service life stage for sustainable
development & also the method of carrying out Repair/Rehabilitation/Retrofitting.This has been brought in
details in the paper along with Case study, where the Author of the paper was directly involved in planning
and execution of job.
The document discusses adaptive reuse, which refers to reconstructing or reusing existing buildings for purposes other than their original design. This process provides environmental and economic benefits. Some advantages of adaptive reuse include energy conservation, supporting sustainability, enhancing community character, encouraging investment, and cost savings compared to new construction. Successful adaptive reuse projects consider the building's condition and suitability for the new purpose. They also address any physical, regulatory or environmental limitations. The types of abandoned buildings most suitable for adaptive reuse tend to be industrial, political, or community buildings in cities. Terminologies like retrofitting, refurbishment and rehabilitation are used for adaptive reuse projects depending on the work conducted.
This document discusses the need for sustainable development in building construction. It notes that construction is resource intensive and increasing urbanization is leading to higher per capita consumption of natural resources. This puts pressure on ecosystems by overexploiting resources and reducing biodiversity. Sustainable development aims to ensure equal access to natural resources for survival while controlling resource use to shrink humanity's ecological footprint. The document outlines various elements of sustainable design like considering local climate and conditions, maximizing traditional wisdom, using renewable energy, reducing embodied and operational energy, implementing integrated water management, and monitoring compliance with sustainability standards.
Benefits of Project Management to Realizing Sustainable BuildingsDr. Amarjeet Singh
This document discusses sustainable building and project management. It defines sustainable building as construction that meets current needs without harming the environment. Project management is key to achieving sustainability across all phases of construction. The benefits of project management for sustainable buildings include improved efficiency, reliability, and overall sustainability. Integrating sustainability into every stage, from site selection to materials to construction practices, is needed to fully realize environmentally friendly buildings.
IRJET- Sustainability in Architecture: Dynamic Buildings, “The Future of India”IRJET Journal
This document discusses the concept of dynamic and sustainable architecture for buildings in India. It defines dynamic buildings as those that can constantly change shape, such as through rotating floors. This allows for benefits like generating renewable energy through wind turbines and solar panels. The document outlines objectives of studying dynamic building models and their sustainability applications. It argues that dynamic buildings could help address India's growing infrastructure and energy needs by serving as self-powered structures. They may allow for faster construction and lower maintenance than traditional buildings, while generating clean energy on-site.
Implication of Sustainable Development in Site Planning in Composite Climate ...IRJET Journal
This document discusses the importance of sustainable site planning and development in composite climates in India. It begins with defining sustainable development as meeting present needs without compromising future abilities. Due to increased urbanization, current development often negatively impacts the environment through high energy consumption.
The document then outlines the need for sustainable architecture to reduce these impacts. It describes how site analysis and assessment of characteristics like resources, hazards and cultural styles can influence sustainable building design. Specifically, it discusses selecting sites that reuse land, analyzing on-site factors, and developing layouts that consider land use, landscaping, and connecting infrastructure to the local ecology.
This document provides an introduction to the course "Structural Repair & Rehabilitation". The course aims to prepare graduates to handle challenges in maintaining aging buildings and infrastructure through appropriate repair, rehabilitation, or retrofitting techniques. It will teach students to assess structures for distress, understand causes of deterioration in concrete, and design effective repair solutions to restore structural function. The course outline includes topics like evaluation of concrete, causes of distress, concrete repair planning and design, and strengthening of structures. Students will learn determination and evaluation skills to address concrete issues.
The document discusses the history and development of maintenance practices. It notes that pre-World War II, maintenance was seen as an added cost and was limited to fixing equipment after it broke. Post-World War II, preventive maintenance was developed as a cheaper alternative and maintenance was recognized as an important production function. Nowadays, awareness of issues like safety, quality and the environment have made maintenance a key factor for business success, requiring well-organized maintenance programs.
USRC-Architects_Brochure - Final 11x17Russ Drinker
The US Resiliency Council has launched a new building rating system to evaluate earthquake performance based on decades of research. The rating system provides ratings of 1-5 stars for safety, damage, and recovery to help owners understand expected building performance in earthquakes. Architects can use the rating system to guide clients in making design decisions that improve disaster performance and recovery for minimal increased costs. The rating considers structural systems as well as components like cladding, partitions, and mechanical systems that are major cost drivers after earthquakes.
This is the report made by Chaitanya Shimpi on Construction Technologies in 2018. Construction technology means the study of the methods and equipment used to build structures. Students who are introduced to the field are taught skills in engineering and construction, as well as in business and construction management.
Similar to Optimising Existing Structures Through Retrofitting (20)
Heritage Conservation.Strategies and Options for Preserving India HeritageJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Presentation looks at the role , relevance and importance of built and natural heritage, issues faced by heritage in the Indian context and options which can be leveraged to preserve and conserve the heritage.It also lists the challenges faced by the heritage due to rapid urbanisation, land speculation and commercialisation in the urban areas. In addition, ppt lays down the roadmap for the preservation, conservation and making value addition to the available heritage by making it integral part of the planning , designing and management of the human settlements.
Role and Relevance of Architects and architecture in SustainabilityJIT KUMAR GUPTA
This brief text on Role, Relevance and importance of Architects and profession of Architecture in making this world and human settlements more livable, climate responsive and sustainable has been prepared as commitment of the professionals and profession of Architects on this World Environment Day ; June 5th , 2024 , with the hope that profession would be understood, valued ,appreciated and empowered in the right context for enabling it play its designated role in making built environment qualitative, cost-effective, energy-efficient, eco-friendly, safe and sustainable.
Bridging gap between resources and responsibilities at Local level.JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Text refers to need, role, relevance and importance of empowering urban local bodies by bridging gap between resources available and responsibilities bestowed, for enabling ULBs to operate and function as institutions of local governance more effectively and efficiently.
Construction Industry Through Artificial Intelligence -.docxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Considering the role, relevance and importance of construction sector in promoting economy, generating employment and creating wealth besides providing infrastructures and amenities, there is need to make the sector more effective, efficient, productive and sustainable. Driven manually, construction sector remains in the slow lane of creating quality built environment which are cost-effective, energy efficient, least consumers of resources and generators of waste. Artificial intelligence can help and empower the construction to make it more valuable, productive and qualitative besides supportive of environment and ecology. However, construction sector must be ready to co-operate and collaborate with IT industry to look for options and opportunities to make construction sector more qualitative and productive. Majority of urban ills and climate related issues can be resolved if Artificial intelligence can be embedded as integral part of the construction industry right prom planning, designing, construction, operation and management of the built environment and infrastructures. Communities and nations will save lot of valuable non-renewable resources if the construction sector is transformed from human led to technology led by the induction of Artificial intelligence. However, Construction industry has to search the areas where Artificial intelligence can be used effectively and intelligently.
Making Urban India a Role Model of Planned Urban Growth a.docxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Known for productivity, promoting economy, employment and innovations cities, when properly planned, rationally developed and professionally managed, have been labelled and recognized as engines of economic growth. Prosperity and urbanisation are known to have positive co-relation with rational urbanisation, leveraging growth and development of any community, city, state and region. In majority of developing countries, where urbanisation remains unregulated, forced largely by rural push and less by urban pull, cities invariably remain in crisis, crisis of population, crisis of poverty, crisis of development and management. Cities need to be cared ,incentivized, empowered and made more productive, effective, efficient and humane.
Redefining Globalization, urbanisation and LocalisationJIT KUMAR GUPTA
If cities are to made more livable, humane and productive, it is time that intent, contents and scope of globalization must be revisited and reviewed, both critically and objectively. Globalisation would need redefinition for promoting universality and inclusiveness among people and nations to have basic amenities and quality of life for all its residents , including poorest of the poor to lead a dignified life. Failure to redefine globalization, rationalise urbanisation, restore localization empowering poor and promoting universalisation and inclusivity; will invariably lead to making SDGs merely a paper exercise. In addition, making the world, cities and communities sustainable, livable, safe and inclusive, would remain merely a dream and a mirage, for future generations and communities, making planet earth as their preferred place of residence.
Knowing, Understanding and Planning Cities- Role and Relevance Physical Plan...JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Cities are known for its complexities and operational inefficiencies. cities remain dynamic ,ever evolving, ever devolving, never static and never finite.
All cities remain different, distinct, unique and universal. No two cities are similar. Each city has its own strength, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Accordingly, problem faced by any city cannot be viewed, dissected, analyzed and enumerated, while sitting within the four walls of the air-conditioned rooms and by the so called intellectual sitting in the so called offices determining the future of cities and towns. Neither the cities can be made more rational by limited knowledge agencies providing consultancy to cities , states and nations.
For realistically and rationally understanding, analyzing the cities and having simple, cost-effective and quality solutions to the problems and challenges faced , Cities have to be walked through and concerns of the various communities have to be properly understood and appreciated.
Prime reason for inability and lack of capacity on the part of majority of physical planners, engaged in the art and science of planning, designing and developing the cities, to address the issues and challenges faced by cities , realistically and rationally, has genesis in the lack of understanding of the origin, growth and development of cities.
Lack of capacity in majority of town planners, has roots in the quality of education imparted and seriousness and commitment on the part of both teachers and taught involved. As it stands today, majority of institutions involved in imparting education in planning are being run on an ad-hoc manner and by proxy. Only few institutions have regular teachers and regular students. Majority of planning institutions are being run on proxy with proxy students and proxy teachers. Education system including curricula used for teaching, needs, review, revision and redefinition to make it more relevant to rational for addressing the issues and challenges faced by the cities and towns.
Land as a Resource for urban finanace- 24-1-23.pptJIT KUMAR GUPTA
PPt tries to brief Land, as a gift of nature, is being grossly misused, abused , manipulated Land is globally used for providing platform for all human driven activities, based on living, working, culture of body/ mind and travel.
Limited availability, coupled with large number of human beings trying to source land, has invariably created large demand for land resource for human consumption. Land, in urban context, is required for meeting the specific needs of urban dwellers for residential, commercial, institutional, recreational, travel& traffic purposes besides providing space for infrastructures , amenities, services, trade and commerce etc. Land in urban context remains under large demand and command high price due to concentration of large population in small physical area, with stakeholders making competing claims.Rapid and uncontrolled growth in population experienced by urban areas has adversely impacted and generated considerable pressure on land resource in cities and towns , leading to large scale conversion, sub-division and illegal occupation of urban land. Unregulated and regulated pressure on land has largely been met by means of both formal/informal sub-division and development of land. Growth of the urban settlements and entire mechanism of urban planning and development remains land based/ land focused. In order to make optimum use of land resource on 24x7x365; making city planning, growth, development and management ,both rational. realistic, orderly and promoter of quality living, it will be critical and essential, that all ULBs are made to focus on eliminating culture and practices promoting un-authorized/ illegal sub-division of land for ushering an environment and era of planned urban development in the cities. Land needs to be effectively leveraged to generate resources for ULBs to make cities vibrant.
COST-EFFETIVE and Energy Efficient BUILDINGS ptxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Built environment is known for its capacity, capability, role, relevance and importance to change the quality of life of the occupants and communities. Presentation focuses on options which need to be leveraged to make buildings sustainable, cost-effective, energy efficient, resource efficient, qualitative over its entire life-cycle through designing, construction, operation. It calls for making buildings green and sustainable.
Making Buildings cost-effective , Energy Efficient ptxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Presentation focuses on options which need to be leveraged to make buildings sustainable, cost-effective, energy efficient, resource efficient, qualitative over its entire life-cycle
Ppt briefs about role, relevance, importance of the rating systems applicable in India, criteria used in assessing
greeness, weightage allocated, , brief of how these rating systems are applied, parameters involved; weightage granted, levels of rating granted , incentives given by states for green rated buildings and brief of suggestions, how to make rating system more effective, efficient, objective and transparent.
The phenomenon of global warming remains more pronounced in the urban areas, for the reason cities house large concentration of people and activities in a small/compact urban space.Densely-built downtown areas tend to be warmer than suburban residential areas or rural areas.. UHI not only raises urban temperatures but also increases ozone concentrations because ozone is a greenhouse gas whose formation will accelerate with the temperature. Tokyo, an example of an urban heat island. Normal temperatures of Tokyo go up higher than those of the surrounding area. However, it needs to be understood and appreciated that climate change is not the cause of urban heat islands but it is causing more frequent and more intense heat waves which in turn amplify the urban heat island effect in cities. Major reasons for ever growing global warming and climate change can be attributed to the; Nature and natural; Human-Driven; population; Rapid Urbanisation; Irrational Urban planning; High Density; Inefficient Transportation ;Large generation/consumption of fossil fuel based Energy; Unsustainable Buildings; Polluting Industry & Manufacturing; Unsustainable Agriculture; Irrational Development; Large scale Deforestation; Lack of open spaces and individual life-choices;
Making and Unmaking of Chandigarh - A City of Two Plans2-4-24.pptJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Presentation is a narrative of a
capital city- known for its innovative planning, designing, construction and management of a new capital . It briefs about the principles used in the planning and designing of city -by the first team of planners led by Albert Mayer and Mathew Nowicki-- followed by the second team led by Le- Corbusier, P Jenerette, Jane B Drew , Maxwell Fry. It also details about the various aspects of the city planning, planning of the sector as a neighbourhood, typologies of
various developmental controls used for regulating the construction of buildings. Innovations used for regulating the growth and development of periphery; redensification of city in case city exceeds its planned population of half a million, creating a narrative of city and periphery, innovative landscaping, defining an edict for the city to educate the future citizens of the capital city to safeguard the future growth and development besides lessons learnt from planning and designing the new cities.
Planning and Designing Green buildings-.issues, options and strategiesJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Affordability and sustainable development are considered anti-thesis across the world. Generally there exists conflict between the approach to sustainable built environment and affordable buildings. Sustainable development is considered more expensive. According to Middleton, ‘Sustainability and affordability aren’t mutually exclusive goals. It’s not about adding extra, but thinking more carefully about the design of buildings and incorporating technologies that can offset the rising costs of energy, water and other services. Affordability and sustainability are known to fit together perfectly’.
Through excellent design, buildings can be made more sustainable and affordable. Smaller the footprint of buildings, lower will be the upfront costs and embodied energy and lower shall be the running costs of buildings. Looking at the entire context of health, rising cost of amenities/services; Sustainable/Green designs are now being increasingly adopted, to make built environment more cost-effective and affordable. Considering the enormous amount of built environment to be created, India will have no option but to tread the path of sustainability and sustainable development in the built environment. Sustainable built environment would also help in and go a long way in achieving the majority of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals for the reason, built environment is known to be the largest consumer of energy, avoid wasteful use of resources and minimise generation of waste. Global sustainability will be largely contingent upon how effectively and efficiently we can make our buildings sustainable and qualitative through innovative/green design solutions based on local climate and culture, valuing site planning, embedding orientation, cross ventilation, using renewable/waste materials and involving state of the art building technologies.
_Neighborhood Planning in Capital City of Chandigarh- An Appraisal (2) - Copy...JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Neighborhood as an idea, concept, option and strategy has been extensively used locally and globally by the Urban Planners to plan and decentralize cities, create cities within cities, promote self-contained communities and to make cities more humane, safe and socially vibrant. Neighborhood has also been used recently to define the city in terms of travel time - making 10/15 minutes city
Accordingly, large typologies of NH ,in terms of planning and designing , with varying shapes, sizes and contents have emerged in the urban context. Americans have used superblock and French using Sector for defining the neighborhood. Despite distinct advantages, holding high degree of relevance in urban and local area planning , NH planning has not been able to deliver the envisioned objectives of safety and social vibrancy. Cities in the process have been socially, economically and physically fragmented, leading to clear division of cities into different communities with little economical and social connectivity. Variance of planning and designing norms followed at NH and sub-neighborhood levels have promoted more dichotomy and contradictions with varying quality of life inducted at local level. Differential population and infrastructures have divided the city into the categories of high/low end NH units. Fabric and morphology of cities, in large cases, has been distorted with urban settlement emerging as a distinct social map of communities graded economically and socially,on the basis of area/location . In the process, the way NH planning concept has been used, neighborhood planning has emerged as an instrument of social and economic segregation/division. In fact in number of cases, concept has been used, misused, abused in intent and content to divide the cities into distinct social and economic layers. Instead of unifying , concept has led to division of cities.
Genesis of modern application of NH can be found in the planning and designing of Chandigarh where entire city fabric of capital city was woven around Sector as the basic unit of planning, concptulasied as self-contained and self-sustaining unit at the local level. However, the way sectors have been planned, it has led to dividing the cities into different and distinct communities. Individual status in Chandigarh can be judged from his/her residence. Concept of Sector has done more damage than good to the fabric of the city. Chandigarh is likely to face considerable problem in making city socially and economically cohesive/vibrant,. Sectors in Chandigarh remain anti-thesis to the basic concept of NH planning of safety, involving walkability, vehicular movement, putting commercial space in the centre. Considering role, relevance, importance and usability , NH needs to be planned, designed with care and caution, in order to make cities socially and economically vibrant, inclusive. NH planning deserves a new definition and approach to make it relevant and rational.
Reviewing, Revising and Redefining Master Plans and Development Plans to Ma...JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Looking at its efficacy and efficiency, it can be seen and observed that Master Plans/ Development Plans have done more damage than good for the planned growth and development of the cities to which they have been made applicable. These plans have been violated with impunity both by the people, communities, cities and parastatal agencies; for the betterment/welfare of which these plans were prepared. These plans have been visualized as controller of development rather than promoters of development. Instead of planned development , these plans have been usherers of the unplanned development. These plans are known to be responsible for promoting large number of slums besides making quality of life poor for majority of the urban inhabitants. Cities under Master Plans are also known to promote exclusion rather than inclusion. Master Plans/Development Plans are known to promote prosperity for few and marginalize the large proportions of the local community by making them poor. Instead of catering to urban dynamism, Master Plans/Development Plans try to freeze the city, for next two decades, to which it is made to serve. Accordingly, these plans need to be reviewed , rationalised, revised and redefined to make them better Master Plans/Development Plans
Rationalizing the Planned Growth of Urban India- paper.docxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Rapid and uncontrolled growth in population experienced by urban areas has adversely impacted and generated considerable pressure on land resource in cities and towns , leading to large scale conversion, sub-division and illegal occupation of urban land. Unregulated and regulated pressure on land has largely been met by means of both formal/informal sub-division and development of land. Growth of the urban settlements and entire mechanism of urban planning and development remains land based/ land focused, based on a strategy of sub-division of the land, dictated by the economic forces prevailing in the market. Irrational and ineffective public policies of urban planning and land sub-division, devoid of prevailing ground realities, have turned out to be incompatible with the demands of urban expansion, leading to large scale un-authorized and illegal sub-division of land. In the process, valuable land resources, gift of nature, has been misused, abused and mutilated in this race of uncontrolled and irrational urbanisation. In order to make optimum use of land resource; making city planning, growth, development and management ,both rational. realistic, orderly and promoter of quality living, it will be critical and essential, that all urban centres are made to focus on eliminating the culture and practices promoting un-authorized/illegal sub-division of land for ushering an environment and era of planned urban development in the country.
Suggestion and Options for integrating villages. within the framework of the...JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Preparing Master Plans/Development Plans for any urban settlements, basically and essentially, involves declaring a planning area for which the said long term plans are prepared. Planning area invariably includes and involves, number of rural settlements, which comprise of the planning area besides the urban settlement. It has been observed that in majority of cases, while detailed studies and analysis are carried out of the urban settlements but villages in the study and analysis remain marginalized, diluted and muted. Despite the fact, villages have critical role in the rational development of the urban settlement, but in preparing Master Plans their role and relevance is not made part of the said plan. Accordingly, this text tries to bring out the typologies of villages falling in the planning area and the suggested framework to develop these villages in making Master Plans, better Master Plan. In order to improve Master Plan qualitatively, quantitively, both in intent, contents and scope, It will be appropriate that all the villages falling in the planning area must be studied , analyzed and made integral part of the final outcome of the proposals of Master Plan. In-fact one Chapter must be exclusively dedicated to detail out the issues faced by the Villages and options which can be leveraged to promote the rational growth of villages ,as an integral part of the long term development of the urban settlement , for which the Master Plan is being prepared. This will help not only in integrating the urban- rural settlements falling in the planning area, but would also go a long way in promoting and ensuring rational growth and development of the urban settlement, for which the Master Plan is being prepared.
Making cities Climate Responsive and SustainableJIT KUMAR GUPTA
“Decarbonization” of cities ,as an issue ,as an option and as a strategy , has been gaining currency in the parlance of; making planet earth livable and sustainable. “Decarbonization has been globally valued for keeping the global temperature below 1.5C, and achieving the agenda and goals defined in the 17 Sustainable Development Goals, defined by UN for achieving universal sustainability. Despite distinct role and relevance, criticality and importance of decarbonization of cities has neither been properly understood and appreciated nor made integral part of the architectural practice and art and science of designing and construction of buildings. Consuming one -third of global energy (33%) and generating 39% of greenhouse gas emissions buildings have been considered as the major player in the domain of climate change and global warming. Since Architects and Architecture are
actively involved in the making and unmaking of buildings, accordingly it becomes important that planners and architects must play a significant role in making
cities and buildings least consumers of energy and generators of the minimum greenhouse gas emissions. This objective can be achieved if decarbonizing cities/buildings is made a distinct reality . Issue of decarbonizing the cities/buildings assumes importance for the reason, that world’s building floorspace is likely to be become double by the year 2060, with the addition of large number of newcities/ buildings due to rapid urbanization, population growth and economic development ; required for catering to
to the needs of additional population opting for urban living.
Managing Planning and Development of Citie- 26-2-24.docxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Cities in India are known to be in perpetual crisis; facing numerous crises in terms of; crisis of rational growth, crisis of orderly and planned development; crisis of effective and efficient urban management; crisis of making provision of basic infrastructure and services; crisis of climate change; crisis of global warming; crisis of poverty, pollution and population and crisis of making human living and prevailing environment qualitative. These urban crises have genesis in the fact that cities in India, lack ownership, command, authority and lack of willingness to run and manage cities professionally and objectively. In majority of cases, cities in India are run by proxy. In terms of physical growth and development; large cities are marked by multiplicity of agencies claiming right/ownership of development over the urban areas, whereas smaller cities face absence of such ownership and are made to run, operate and function like orphans
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...gerogepatton
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Applications (NLAIM 2024) offers a premier global platform for exchanging insights and findings in the theory, methodology, and applications of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their applications. The conference seeks substantial contributions across all key domains of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their practical applications, aiming to foster both theoretical advancements and real-world implementations. With a focus on facilitating collaboration between researchers and practitioners from academia and industry, the conference serves as a nexus for sharing the latest developments in the field.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...bijceesjournal
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...IJECEIAES
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
Batteries -Introduction – Types of Batteries – discharging and charging of battery - characteristics of battery –battery rating- various tests on battery- – Primary battery: silver button cell- Secondary battery :Ni-Cd battery-modern battery: lithium ion battery-maintenance of batteries-choices of batteries for electric vehicle applications.
Fuel Cells: Introduction- importance and classification of fuel cells - description, principle, components, applications of fuel cells: H2-O2 fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell, molten carbonate fuel cell and direct methanol fuel cells.
LLM Fine Tuning with QLoRA Cassandra Lunch 4, presented by Anant
Optimising Existing Structures Through Retrofitting
1. Optimising Existing Structures Through Retrofitting
Jit Kumar Gupta
Introduction
History of construction is said to be history
of human civilization. Globally, construction
sector is valued for leveraging economies,
promoting industry and generating
employment. Construction sector
accounted for11% of India’s GDP and 1/6th
share(35 million) of the total employment
generated in the country. India ranked fo
urth globallyin the construction,after China,
United States and Japan, with total output
placed at 333 billion US dollars. In India,
constructionsectoraccounted foraround 40
per cent of the development investment
during the past50 years and created assets worth over ₹ 200 billion. Despite
distinct advantages, construction sector is known to be large consumer of
energy, resources;promoterof global warming and responsible forcreating
large carbon footprints. Sector also makes people healthy and sick.
Considering everincreasing volume of building being/yetto be constructed
, it becomes criticalthat constructionsectoris made more effective,efficient,
productive and sustainable. Accordingly, appropriate construction
technologies, integrated with proper repair, maintenance and retrofitting,
need to be evolved and made operational, to make India global leader in
safety and sustainable construction practices
When hit with disasters, majority of existing structures face extensive
damage, destruction and remain vulnerable due to improper design, poor
quality of construction, lack of proper care and maintenance. This
necessitates construction of new buildings, to compensate the buildings
2. damaged and destroyed. In addition, number of existing buildings are also
being demolished and replaced by new structures. Demolishing and
destruction of existing buildings, causes colossal loss to the economy,
environment, communities and nations. In order to minimize loss caused by
the destruction/ demolition, it will be essential that not only quality of built
environment is appropriately ensured, but also effectively monitored and
efficiently maintained by ensuring time bound repair and maintenance. In
addition, mechanism of retrofitting also needs to be valued and adopted not
only to restore existing structures to their original health but also to put
good structures to alternate use.
Retrofitting;
Retrofitting, as a concept and
approach, had its genesis in the
Second World War when weapons
technology was advancing at an
intense pace and planes/ ships were
becoming outdated, even before their
completion. Retrofitting was then
found to be the option and applied to
completed craft with the
addition/application of latest
technology for making them
appropriate for using them in the war. Retrofitting was later revived and
made applicable to buildings, on a massive scale, during the energy crisis
of the 1970s, when new features were added to millions of old houses to
make them more energy-efficient. Later on, concept of retrofitting, was
extended to strengthen and make the structures safe against the damage
caused by natural disasters. Considering its numerous and distinct
advantages, retrofitting also became handy to be used for strengthening
existing structure to enhance its performance; restoring buildings to original
health when structurally damaged by exposure to sun, rain, frost, water
etc.; changing the use/typology of the structure from one purpose to
another; improving the shear resistance and capacity of the structural
members to resist seismic loads ; making addition of new technologies for
3. improving the operational efficiency &reducing emissions and making
structures safe against natural and manmade disasters. Retrofitting is
extensively used for restoration, repairing and rehabilitating the heritage
buildings, for maintaining their old glory and minimizing damage caused ,
due to large number of people visiting them. Looking at the variety of
damages caused and for making value additions to the structures, number
of options are being used for retrofitting. Five different typologies of
retrofitting are generally used for restoring the existing structures.
Typologies of Retrofitting;
Energy Retrofit—Essentially includes and involves process of
reducing the energy consumption to maintain the ambient
temperature ; making existing buildings energy efficiencyand least
consumers of energy, as compared to conventional buildings.
Disaster/Seismic Retrofit-- Includes the strengthening of the
existing buildings to make them safe and resistant to disasters,
both natural and manmade, involving earthquake/
cyclone/tsunamis/fire etc. Seismic retrofit is carried out primarily to
protect; human lives and structures from total failure.
Use Retrofit-- Process includes and involves, redefining the use
and purpose of older buildings and to put them in new role/
order/use to meet the changed needs.
Cultural Retrofit-Process followed involves retaining/
restoring/enhancing the old glory and making value addition to
historical /heritage buildings
Storm water Retrofit--Process used for sites with
extensive impervious surfaces to manage stormwater
runoff during rainstorms, to avoid flooding and polluting water
bodies. Stormwater retrofit includes creating rain
gardens, permeable paving and green roofs.
4. Advantages
Retrofitting is known for its distinct advantage to the owners, economy
and communities, because it saves existing buildings from becoming
obsolete, outdated and possible damage and destructions. Retrofitting
as a process and mechanism, offers enormous advantages and makes
value addition besides providing longevity to structures in terms of;
Valuing existing structures by avoiding demolition. Retrofitting the
existing building invariably remains cost-effective and time-efficient
when compared with undertaking construction of new building.
Making buildings sustainable by minimizing the carbon footprints and
making optimum use of available construction, by redefining, reusing
and remodeling the existing building.
Making buildings energy efficiency by bringing number of benefits to
owners , tenants and occupants in terms of reduced life-cycle
operational cost.
Increasing the market value of a buildings
Offering most economical and cost-effective option to increase the
life span of existing structures while preparing the buildings to face
adverse climatic conditions.
Strengthening the existing structure, abric and saves on the capital
expenditure while benefiting from new technologies
Making buildings economical and owner/user-friendly, by reduced
maintenance and increased reliability.
.
Disadvantages of Retrofitting
Despite distinct advantages, retrofitting as a process , is also known for its
limitations and disadvantages and accordingly needs to be used with care
and caution. Retrofitting remains highly professional and scientific process
and accordingly needs detailed study and analysis of the structure for
assessing the typology /option of the retrofitting required for achieving the
objective. In addition , retrofitting requires trained manpower to undertake
5. the repair/remodeling and avoid any structural damage caused to the
structure. The possible limitations of the retrofitting include;
Retrofitting remains a time- intensive exercise, due to the need of
detailed , in-depth , objective ,critical and expert analysis for deciding
about the extent of damage and options to be used for retrofitting.
Retrofitting needs high degree of precision and workmanship while
undertaking repair. Minor mistake/irresponsibility in execution can
even cause damage to the structure
Retrofitting Heritage sites remains a highly demanding /high risk time-
consuming, cost-intensive and precision oriented process and
accordingly needs trained manpower, appropriate expertise and
thorough understanding of the basic fabric of the structure, materials
and construction used in the building construction, for avoiding any
disfiguring/damage to Heritage Site
Analysis of Retrofitting
Before retrofitting anystructure , it will be
important to understand, consider,
analyze and evaluate, critically and
objectively, the status of existing
structure in terms of its problems,
deficiencies,damage and inadequacies,
causes of the deterioration along with
the symptoms which needs to be
addressed to make building safe and
usable. Only treating the symptoms, without proper understanding the
underlining cause of the problems, will invariably leads to camouflaging
defectsidentificationbeneath the finished work. Analyzing existing status of
structure will require very specialized assessmentand comprehensionof the
conduct of the building, which is being fixed. Based on these studies and
analysis, detailed strategyneeds to be evolved interms of process,materials
and method to be used for retrofitting. The choice to retrofit a construction
or its segments , needs to be made after carrying out detailed cost-benefit
6. analysis, based on financial implications and availability of appropriate
options for retrofitting. Steps involved in retrofitting should include;
preparation of drawings and specifications of the building under retrofit;
documenting condition, evaluation; determination of the main cause behind
the deterioration; selection of materials and methods of repair; execution
process; maintenance after completion of the retrofitting work and checks
and balance to monitor quality control during retrofitting.
.Prevailing Techniques for Retrofitting/Strengthening
Primary focus of retrofitting an existing structure is to increase its load
bearing capacity with respectto its previous condition;improve the structural
stability ; eliminate vulnerability of structure to any unforeseen
disasters/shocks; improving its operational efficiency and changing the
existing use/ operational framework of the structure. Established techniques
which have been used successfully for number of years have been
recognized as ; Over Slabbing; Sprayed Concrete with Additional
Reinforcement; Steel Plate bonding and External Prestressing.
Retrofitting has also been divided into two broad and distinct categories ie
Local and Global retrofitting. Local
Retrofitting involves; jacketing of
beams; jacketing of beam-column
joints; strengthening individual footings
and jacketing of columns, whereas
Global Retrofitting includes; making
addition of shear wall; adding infill wall;
mass reduction and wall thickening.
However, additional/ separate strategies
will also be needed while changing the existing use of building for making it
green or to meet the additional requirement of services and space. Options
to be used for retrofitting will have to be based on the study and analysis
carried out for the inadequacies and structural deficiencies existing in the
building/structure to be retrofitted and appropriateness and suitability of the
options selected.Allthe processes defined have their limitations, positivity’s,
negativities, advantages and disadvantages and according choice has to be
based on professional /detailed study and analysis.
7. Way Forward
Retrofitting remains one of the best options to restore the existing derelict
buildings to their original health and make buildings operationally efficient
and usable for all human operations. Retrofitting should not remain confined
only to meet the structural inadequacies or needs of repair and restoration.
It needs to be extended and taken forward by making use of its enormous
capacity it provides to make buildings energy efficient and more livable.
Retrofitting can help in reshaping, reframing and putting to new use/options
the existing structure, without resorting to demolition and destruction.
Potential of retrofitting has not been properly studied, understood,
appreciated and exploited in the context of building industry to make existing
buildings more livable, cost-effective, operationally efficient, having larger/
extended life-span and reducing their adverse impact on the environment
and ecology. It needs to be done on priority to make building industry more
sustainable and least consumerof energyand resources besides generators
of minimum waste. Few of the options which can be leveraged to make
buildings sustainable will include;
Achieving Sustainable Development Goal 11
UN has mandated that in order to
promote global sustainability, cities will
have to be made sustainable, safe ,
resilient and inclusive. Accordingly, a
dedicated goal 11 has been made part
of 17 SDGs to achieve the objective.
Under the said goal, indicator 11-C has
beenincluded to make buildings Green,
as part of making cities sustainable.
Further it has been mandated that by
2030,all nations will ensure to make new construction to be net-zero
and by 2050,all existing buildings will also be retrofitted to make them
net zero-energy.Prime Minister of India has already committed inCOP
26, to make India Net Zero by the year 2070. Achieving the said
objective will be both difficult & impossible, without making buildings
8. green and zero-energy. Retrofitting offers best option to achieve the
target given by the Hon PM. Accordingly, it will be important for the
professionals and professional institutes like IBC, IE, IIA to find out
simple,cost-effective and time -efficientretrofit techniques to promote
a culture of green buildings, both in new and old categories of
buildings.
.
Retrofitting Existing Buildings to make them Sustainable ;
Buildings are known to be major consumers of energy and resources
besidesgenerators of the waste. Buildings also are known to be major
determent of global sustainability. Statistically, there exists more old
buildings than new buildings, Majority of existing buildings remain
highly energyinefficient.Inorderto promote energyefficiency; reduce
carbon footprints and minimize energy demand in the existing built
environment, it will be essential that in addition to making buildings
structurally safe , it will also be critical that concerted efforts should
focus on making these buildings energy/resource efficientand carbon
neutral. Accordingly, energy efficient process/mechanisms of
Retrofitting buildings, needs to be leveraged on large scale.
Despite distinct and far reaching advantages offered, retrofitting has
been used on a very small/limited scale to make the existing buildings
green and sustainable. Understanding the potential of retrofitting in
making cities/buildings carbon-neutral; Singapore has drawn a master
plan to make all the existing buildings green through a collaborative
policy framework involving residents, property owners and the
government. The policy involves and includes, adopting retrofitting as
the process to achieve the defined objectives. Detailed retrofitting
guidelines have been framed and norms defined, for the existing
buildings to make them sustainable.
9. In addition, in USA process of
retrofitting has also beenleveraged to
reduce the energyconsumptionof high
rise buildings; minimize their carbon
footprints and reducing their heat
island impact on the city and
surrounding buildings. Retrofitting of
Empire State Building of New York
(one of the tallest structure globally)
under the said initiative of the city, was
led by replacing more than 6000
windows with double glass,
rationalizing the air-conditioning system, generating solar energy;
improving operational efficiency of chillers and rationalizing the
requirement of air-conditioning, light and ventilation through artificial
intelligence , which resulted in achieving reduction of electricity load
of the building to the tune of 3.5 MW and lowering greenhouse gas
emissions by 1,00,000 tons over a 15 years period. The
payback/recovery of the $13.1 million spent on retrofitting of building,
has already been achieved in 3.5 years, due to lower connected
electric load, saving on energy, lighting, air conditioning etc.
In view of the above, Retrofitting needs to be promoted and made
mandatory to make existing buildings green, sustainable and least
consumers of energy and resources. Considering the large
constructed buildings and 700-9000 million sqm of new built space
to be added annually in the urban India, local/state authorities need to
prepare a roadmap for each city and define the detailed agenda and
guidelines to make both existing/new buildings, green and energy
efficient, using the process of retrofitting.
Making retrofitting integral part of Study Curricula
Retrofitting, as an options to improve the operational efficiency and
making built environment sustainable, does not find much favour with
academic institutions involved in teaching-learning of designing,
10. construction and management of built environment and accordingly
remains marginalized. This leads to professionals graduating, having
low competencyand understanding of the process and advantages of
retrofitting. Considering the important role of the technology, it will be
important that Retrofitting must be made and taught as integral part of
the curricula as a separate and dedicated subject of study of the
profession for promoting deeper understanding of the process and
technique.
Skilling Manpower in Retrofitting
Major roadblock in promoting Retrofitting as a methodology and a
construction practice, is the non-availability of adequate number of
professionally skilled manpower in the construction sector.
Accordingly,it will be vital, that adequate opportunities for training and
skilling the manpower in the art and science of retrofitting are created
at the state/regional/local levels in order to produce large number of
professionally trained competentmanpower required for Retrofitting,
keeping in view immense potential and large demand generated by
making existing buildings energy efficient and sustainable.
Promoting Research
Considering the numerous advantages Retrofitting holds and
opportunities and employment it can generate, by making value
addition to the construction sector, it will be prudent on the part of all
Academic Institutions engaged in imparting education in architecture,
Engineering, Construction, Management; Development Authorities,
Housing Boards, Improvement Trusts; Associations of Developers,
Promoters and Builders, NARDCO; Parastatal agencies and Urban
Local Bodies to come forward, provide resources and create facilities
and promote research in the area of Retrofitting of buildings
constructed , in order to make buildings safe and sustainable. Even
when the nation has launched Housing for All ,as the goal to provide
pucca house to all Indian national having no permanent shelter, it will
be prudent on the part of the government to include Retrofitting as
integral part of the PMAY, so that buildings constructed remain
relevant and donotbecome obsoletein the fast changing physical and
economic scenario.
11. Consultancy in Retrofitting also needs to be be promoted to aid,
advise, assistand guide the stakeholders in making buildings safe and
to make value addition to existing buildings besides changing their
usage. A dedicated fund needs to be created for focusing on R&D for
the construction industry on the pattern followed in Singapore, where
in the year 2007, Government launched a S$50 million “Research
Fund for the Built Environment” to kick-start R&D efforts in sustainable
construction
Redefining Construction Practices
For construction sector to be really effective and efficient, its scope
must not be limited to structural integrity and stability of buildings but
should also include functional efficiencyand safety of both users and
occupiers. In majority of cases there does not exist any well-defined
mechanism to keep a checkon the quality of building during designing,
construction and maintenance .For promoting quality built
environment, it will be rational to evolve a detailed mechanism of
checks and balances for promoting best construction practices and
adherence to process improvements.
Learning from the collapse of Hotel New World,Singapore in March
1986, passed a legislation in the year 1989 , which mandated all
construction projects to undergo mandatory checks at the stages of
design, construction and completion of buildings. It also made
mandatory for all constructionprojects to seekcertified designreviews
prior to the commencementof construction; independent construction
supervision during the construction and periodic structural inspections
of buildings,after completion,occupationand use of buildings; through
the process of Periodic Structural Inspections (PSI). Conducting PSIs
ensures early detectionof structural defects,wear and tear of building
which normally goes undetectedand which ultimately leads to eventual
partial or full collapse of the building. If periodic certification of
buildings is conducted based on highest professionalstandards at the
design, construction and post construction phases, then any
subsequent rectification work becomes minimal. Periodic post-
12. construction checks are also known to help in making buildings more
cost- effective over its entire life span because of low cost of
maintenance involved and longer life of building. Based on the
Singapore experiences,it would be desirable that similar legislation in
India also needs to be put in place on priority, to ensure that
construction and maintenance of buildings is carried out in a most
professional manner and built environment is made safe, qualitative,
productive, inclusive and sustainable.
Bibliography;
The Future of Construction Sector in India, Build Tech Magazine India
- September 9, 2016
McKinsey Global Institute: “India’s Urban Awakening: Building Inclusive Cities,
Sustaining Economic Growth”, April 2010
World Green Building Council; https://www.worldgbc.org/what-green-building
Wikipedia; Green Buildings; sustainable construction principles
Wikipedia; Retrofitting; en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retrofitting
Authors:
* Ar. Jit Kumar Gupta
Founder Director; College of Architecture, I.E.T, Bhaddal
#344, Sector 40-A; Chandigarh- 160036 Email; jit.kumar944@gmail.com
.