The idea underlying biomedical ontology is that, if common terms are used to annotate or tag heterogeneous data collected by scientists working in different disciplines, then these data will be more easily reused for integration and
analysis. To this end, the terms in ontologies need to be carefully defined. Smith examines definitions
of terms central to ageing research in this light, focusing on the Gene Ontology (GO), the Foundational Model of Anatomy Ontology (FMA) and the Plant Ontology (PO).
Increasingly, biological and clinical scientists are using ontologies to serve integration and coordination of research across diverse organisms and scientific fields. Ontologies, in this context, are logically organized collections of terms defined in such a way that they can be used consistently across multiple disciplines to describe clinical and experimental data. Ontologies are used in aging research to unify experimental results from a broad range of fields including genetics, proteomics, (stem) cell biology, oncology, model organism biology, psychogerontology, and many more. We will explore against this background questions such as the following: What is aging? What is premature aging? And more specifically: Is aging a disease?
Semantic Security : Authorization on the Web with OntologiesAmit Jain
This is the Phd dissertation defense presentation. This thesis presents a Semantic Security model which uses the ontologies representing the meaning of the data to apply access control on the mapped structured and unstructured data.
Dealing with Death, Dying & Aging Training Courses The Pathway Group
Dealing with Death, Dying & Aging Training Courses are good for anyone working within the care field. It covers the sensitive topics of death, the process of dying and the bereavement process for all those affected. This course looks specifically at older persons and highlights the importance of a person-centred approach. Learners will gain a good understanding of all areas and will learn the skills to positively bring their clients and colleagues through the process. The course lasts for three hours and a certificate of attendance will be issued to all participants. The course can be delivered in one of our training centres or a location that is better suited to your staff. The course can also be tailored to your specific training needs.
Basic presentation of the parts of a plant and of the life cycle of plants. Pitched at about the 2nd, 3rd or 4th grade level. Lots of descriptive pictures and diagrams.
Aging vs agings: limits and consequences of biomedical definitionsattilacsordas
Talk given by Attila Csordas on a joint Philosophy of Science, Mathematics and Logic PhD Seminar at the Institute of Philosophy at Eötvös University, Budapest, October, 2019
http://phil.elte.hu/tpf/2019-2020/October/
Increasingly, biological and clinical scientists are using ontologies to serve integration and coordination of research across diverse organisms and scientific fields. Ontologies, in this context, are logically organized collections of terms defined in such a way that they can be used consistently across multiple disciplines to describe clinical and experimental data. Ontologies are used in aging research to unify experimental results from a broad range of fields including genetics, proteomics, (stem) cell biology, oncology, model organism biology, psychogerontology, and many more. We will explore against this background questions such as the following: What is aging? What is premature aging? And more specifically: Is aging a disease?
Semantic Security : Authorization on the Web with OntologiesAmit Jain
This is the Phd dissertation defense presentation. This thesis presents a Semantic Security model which uses the ontologies representing the meaning of the data to apply access control on the mapped structured and unstructured data.
Dealing with Death, Dying & Aging Training Courses The Pathway Group
Dealing with Death, Dying & Aging Training Courses are good for anyone working within the care field. It covers the sensitive topics of death, the process of dying and the bereavement process for all those affected. This course looks specifically at older persons and highlights the importance of a person-centred approach. Learners will gain a good understanding of all areas and will learn the skills to positively bring their clients and colleagues through the process. The course lasts for three hours and a certificate of attendance will be issued to all participants. The course can be delivered in one of our training centres or a location that is better suited to your staff. The course can also be tailored to your specific training needs.
Basic presentation of the parts of a plant and of the life cycle of plants. Pitched at about the 2nd, 3rd or 4th grade level. Lots of descriptive pictures and diagrams.
Aging vs agings: limits and consequences of biomedical definitionsattilacsordas
Talk given by Attila Csordas on a joint Philosophy of Science, Mathematics and Logic PhD Seminar at the Institute of Philosophy at Eötvös University, Budapest, October, 2019
http://phil.elte.hu/tpf/2019-2020/October/
Basic of geriatrics and internal medicine for physiotherapistDoha Rasheedy
collection of lectures for physiotherapy undergraduate students including notes of common health issues (frailty, sarcopenia, osteoporosis, neuropsychiatric issues, constipation, metabolic syndrome and its components, orthostatic hypotension, CLD, CKD, anemia, immobilization, dizziness, falls, fatigue) and how to handle in practice.
summary of age related changes and geriatric pharmacology, safe analgesic prescription in elderly
This presentation is about how cell cycle and cell division takes place in plant and animal cell .... and this presentation also includes mitosis and meiosis and significance of it.
this slides contain about the detailed information about the definition, introduction, classification, types, concept of aging, chronologic aging, biological aging, psychological aging, social aging, cognitive aging.
We can distinguish two families of approaches to the building of ontologies -- corresponding roughly to the contrast between 'neats' and 'scruffies' in artificial intelligence research. We describe the implications of each approach for the building of an ontology of philosophy, focusing especially on the Indiana Philosophy Ontology (InPhO) project led by Colin Allen.
A video presentation based on these slides is available here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5HV3M0NvyPM
An application of Basic Formal Ontology to the Ontology of Services and Commo...Barry Smith
Basic Formal Ontology (BFO) is an upper level ontology widely used in biomedical informatics and other domains to support information integration across disciplines, We here apply BFO to the development of a coherent ontological treatment of the distinction between commodities and services.
Basic of geriatrics and internal medicine for physiotherapistDoha Rasheedy
collection of lectures for physiotherapy undergraduate students including notes of common health issues (frailty, sarcopenia, osteoporosis, neuropsychiatric issues, constipation, metabolic syndrome and its components, orthostatic hypotension, CLD, CKD, anemia, immobilization, dizziness, falls, fatigue) and how to handle in practice.
summary of age related changes and geriatric pharmacology, safe analgesic prescription in elderly
This presentation is about how cell cycle and cell division takes place in plant and animal cell .... and this presentation also includes mitosis and meiosis and significance of it.
this slides contain about the detailed information about the definition, introduction, classification, types, concept of aging, chronologic aging, biological aging, psychological aging, social aging, cognitive aging.
We can distinguish two families of approaches to the building of ontologies -- corresponding roughly to the contrast between 'neats' and 'scruffies' in artificial intelligence research. We describe the implications of each approach for the building of an ontology of philosophy, focusing especially on the Indiana Philosophy Ontology (InPhO) project led by Colin Allen.
A video presentation based on these slides is available here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5HV3M0NvyPM
An application of Basic Formal Ontology to the Ontology of Services and Commo...Barry Smith
Basic Formal Ontology (BFO) is an upper level ontology widely used in biomedical informatics and other domains to support information integration across disciplines, We here apply BFO to the development of a coherent ontological treatment of the distinction between commodities and services.
Ways of Worldmarking: The Ontology of the EruvBarry Smith
‘Eruv’ is a Hebrew word meaning literally ‘mixture’ or ‘mingling’. An eruv is an urban region demarcated within a larger urban region by means of a boundary made up of telephone wires or similar markers. Through the creation of the eruv, the smaller region is turned symbolically (halachically = according to Jewish law) into a private domain. So long as they remain within the boundaries of the eruv, Orthodox Jews may engage in activities that would otherwise be prohibited on the Sabbath, such as pushing prams or wheelchairs, or carrying walking sticks. There are eruvim in many towns and university campuses throughout the world. There are five eruvim in Chicago, five in Brooklyn, twenty three in Queens and Long Island, and at least three in Manhattan. The US Supreme Court is (like most other major US Federal Government buildings) located within the eruv of Washington DC. In many cases, not all of those living within or near the area of an actual or proposed eruv will themselves be Orthodox Jews, and this has sometimes led to protests against eruv creation. For further details see http://ontology.buffalo.edu/smith/articles/eruv.pdf
Contemporary philosophy of collective agency, as illustrated by the work of Searle, Bratman, Gilbert, Pettit and others, focuses predominantly on small groups of agents sharing common goals. In his groundbreaking paper “Massively Shared Agency” of 2014, Scott Shapiro shows the limits of this approach when dealing with the large groups of agents that form industrial corporations, armies, or systems of law enforcement. Such groups will involve alienated or uncommitted participants pursuing motives of their own. And as Shapiro shows, they can manifest shared agency only when the actions of all participants are coordinated through authority structures organized hierarchically. Here I wish to focus on that dimension of massively shared agency that has to do with the transmission of authority. I will show that while such transmission almost always involves communication through speech (or through the digital counterparts of speech), transmission of this sort is too transient,
and falls short of creating the type of enduring intermeshing of plans and intentions that is required for the imposition of hierarchical authority structures across large organizations. To create and maintain the needed hierarchical authority structures what is required are complexes of intermeshed documents. Such documents provide for what we can think of as a division of deontic labor, allowing plans, orders, and obligations to be meshed together over time.
Presented at the conference on Truth, Image and Normativity, Cagliari, Sardinia, October 23, 2014
In a lecture, delivered in Vienna in 1894 and dedicated "to the academic youth of Austria-Hungary", Franz Brentano outlined four phases of advance and decline which he saw as providing the key to the understanding of the history of Western philosophy. In the first cycle, in antiquity, the initial advancing phase culminated in the work of Aristotle, and was followed by three phases of decline, terminating in the irrational mysticism of the Neo-Pythagoreans. These four phases then repeated themselves: in the Middle Ages, beginning with Aquinas and ending with the "learned ignorance" of Nicholas of Cusa; and then in the modern period, beginning with Bacon and reaching its low point in the work of Kant, Fichte, Schelling, and Hegel. In the contemporary era we are currently witnessing the end of the fourth cycle in the work of (for example) Derrida, Rorty; but also the beginnings of a new, fifth cycle, which is described in the talk. (Presented at the conference Consequences of Realism, Rome, May 4-6, 2014.)
There is blind chess but there is no blind poker. This is because to play poker essentially involves the use of cards and chips (or representations of or proxies for cards and chips). A game of chess, in contrast, may involve only the exchange of speech acts. We draw initial conclusions for the ontology of poker from this distinction.
Talk presented on March 14, 2014
For video presentation see http://www.youtube.com/edit?video_id=PgwpR9NPKzw
Clinical trial data wants to be free: Lessons from the ImmPort Immunology Dat...Barry Smith
Presentation to the Clinical and Research Ethics Seminar, Clinical and Translational Science Center, Buffalo, January 21, 2014
https://immport.niaid.nih.gov/
http://youtu.be/booqxkpvJMg
Presentation to ImmPort Science Meeting, February 27, 2014 on the proper treatment of value sets in the Immport Immunology Database and Analysis Portal
The Philosophome: An Exercise in the Ontology of the HumanitiesBarry Smith
Presentation at the opening of the Humanomics Research Centre at the University of Copenhagen, 7 February 2014
For background links see: http://philosophome.org/
We describe the methodology of omics disciplines in biology, and consider how analogous methods might be applied in humanities disciplines, focusing specifically on philosophy. We conclude by outlining a possible strategy for a research center in humanomics, identifying possible sources of data in the philosophical domain.
IAO-Intel: An Ontology of Information Artifacts in the Intelligence DomainBarry Smith
We describe on-going work on IAO-Intel, an information artifact ontology developed as part of a suite of ontologies designed to support the needs of intelligence community. IAO-Intel provides a controlled, structured vocabulary for the consistent formulation of metadata about documents, images, emails and other carriers of information. It will provide a resource for uniform explication of the terms used in multiple existing military dictionaries, thesauri and metadata registries, thereby enhancing the degree to
which the content formulated with their aid will be available to computational reasoning.
Presented at the 2013 STIDS (Semantic Technology for Intelligence, Defense and Security) conference: http://stids.c4i.gmu.edu/
Talk presented at the conference on the Philosophy of Emerging Media, Boston University, October 26-27, 2013
If you try to find information about a gene or a molecule or a restaurant or a sports team or a politician on the web, it’s likely that some ontology will be involved in your search. An ontology is (briefly put) a semantically organized consensus representation of the types of entities in a given domain and of the relations between these entities – it is something like a large graph of the way some part of the world is structured. So important have ontologies become to organizations such as the BBC or the New York Times, that there is a running joke in the Semantic Web community to the effect that the Columbia School of Journalism is about to be renamed the Columbia School of Journalism and Ontology. I will attempt to draw conclusions from these phenomena concerning the ways in which social interactions are being influenced, and to some degree also transformed, by digital media.
Surveys a series of ethical, economic, clinical and also safety issues relating to the application of informatics to healthcare, focusing especially on the role of informatics in the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. Talk presented in the University at Buffalo Clinical/Research Ethics Seminar - Ethics, Informatics and Obamacare, November 20, 2012. Slides are available here: http://ontology.buffalo.edu/13/ethics-informatics-obamacare.pptx
ImmPort strategies to enhance discoverability of clinical trial dataBarry Smith
Describes strategies for submission of clinical trial data to the NIAID Immunology Database and Analysis Portal in order to advance discoverability, comparability and analysis
Introduces the idea of a theory of document acts, analogous to the theory of social acts advocated in 1913 by Adolf Reinach, and to the theory of speech acts advanced by Austin and Searle.
Ontology and the National Cancer Institute Thesaurus (2005)Barry Smith
The National Cancer Institute Thesaurus is described by its authors as "a biomedical vocabulary that provides consistent, unambiguous codes and definitions for concepts used in cancer research" and which "exhibits ontology-like properties in its construction and use". We performed a qualitative analysis of the Thesaurus in order to assess its conformity with principles of good practice in terminology and ontology design.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
We used both the on-line browsable version of the Thesaurus and its OWL-representation (version 04.08b, released on August 2, 2004), measuring each in light of the requirements put forward in relevant ISO terminology standards and in light of ontological principles advanced in the recent literature.
RESULTS:
We found many mistakes and inconsistencies with respect to the term-formation principles used, the underlying knowledge representation system, and missing or inappropriately assigned verbal and formal definitions.
CONCLUSION:
Version 04.08b of the NCI Thesaurus suffers from the same broad range of problems that have been observed in other biomedical terminologies. For its further development, we recommend the use of a more principled approach that allows the Thesaurus to be tested not just for internal consistency but also for its degree of correspondence to that part of reality which it is designed to represent.
Introduction to the Logic of DefinitionsBarry Smith
We focus on definitions for common nouns such as 'human being' and 'leukocyte'
A definition, for terms such as this, is a statement of necessary and sufficient conditions for an entity's falling under an instance of the type to which the term refers.
Such definitions should be of Aristotelian form, which means that they specify the genus, and state what it is about certain instances of this genus in virtue of which they are instances of the type (species) defined.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
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micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
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Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
20. • How to distinguish age-related causes (aging
processes) from other causes of death?
• Roughly: age-related causes = processes
normally part of the normal aging process
• What does ‘normally’ mean?
20
21. 21
has 83281 types and 3 million relations
representing canonical adult human anatomy
= the Bauplan generated by the coordinated
expression of the organism’s own structural
genes.
Canonical anatomy contrasted with variant anatomy
and with instantiated anatomy
Canonical ≠ statistically normal
Foundational Model of Anatomy Ontology
22. Foundational Model of Anatomy (FMA)
Pleural
Cavity
Interlobar
recess
Mesothelium
of Pleura
Pleura(Wall
of Sac)
Visceral
Pleura
Pleural Sac
Parietal
Pleura
Anatomical Space
Organ
Cavity
Serous Sac
Cavity
Anatomical
Structure
Organ
Serous Sac
Mediastinal
Pleura
Tissue
Organ Part
Organ
Subdivision
Organ
Component
Organ Cavity
Subdivision
Serous Sac
Cavity
Subdivision
22
39. In the life cycle of plants we have alternating generations:
gametophyte = whole plant in haploid stage; male and
female gametes fuse to produce the zygote from which the
sporophyte arises
sporophyte = whole plant in diploid stage (the dominant form
in vascular plants such as ferns); produces spores from
which the gametophyte arises.
whole plant
development stage
PO:0007033
gametophyte
development stage
PO:0028003
sporophyte
development stage
PO:0028002
life of whole plant
PO:0025337
PP
39
47. GO:0010259: multicellular
organismal aging
Definition: An aging process
that has as participant a whole
multicellular organism.
Multicellular organism aging
includes loss of functions such
as resistance to disease,
homeostasis, and fertility, as well
as wear and tear. Multicellular
organisms aging includes
processes like cellular
senescence and organ
senescence, but is more
inclusive.
47
48. GO:0007568: aging
Definition: A developmental process that is a deterioration
and loss of function over time. Aging includes loss of
functions such as resistance to disease, homeostasis, and
fertility, as well as wear and tear. Aging includes cellular
senescence, but is more inclusive. May precede death
(GO:0016265) and may succeed developmental maturation
(GO:0021700).
48
GO requires a term for
developmental aging
53. 53
honour of Dr. Leonard Hayflick, co-author
with Paul Moorhead, of the first paper
describing it in 1961. Cells can also be
induced to senesce by certain toxins,
irradiation, or the activation of certain
oncogenes. In response to DNA damage
(including shortened telomeres), cells
either age or self-destruct (apoptosis,
programmed cell death) if the damage
cannot be easily repaired. In this 'cellular
suicide', the death of one cell, or more,
may benefit the organism as a whole. For
example, in plants the death of the water-
conducting xylem cells (tracheids and
vessel elements) allows the cells to
function more efficiently and so deliver
water to the upper parts of a plant. The
ones that do not self-destruct remain until
destroyed by outside forces. Though they
no longer replicate, senescent cells remain
metabolically active and generally adopt
phenotypes including flattened cell
morphology, altered gene expression and
secretion profiles (known as the
senescence-associated secretory
phenotype) and positive senescence
54. 54
The End: Senescence and Cell
Death (With Yuan Zhong and Jared
Taylor) - Plants, like animals, employ cell
death as a normal and necessary part of
life. Cell death occurs during
developmental processes, including
embryo and leaf development, vascular
tissue development, and various
reproductive processes. Pathogen
infection can initiate the hypersensitive
response which can include a rapid cell
58. 58
age-dependent behavioral decline
GO:0035982
synonym (exact): behavioral aging
Definition:
A developmental process that arises as an
organism progresses toward the end of its
lifespan that results in a decline in behavioral
activities such as locomotory behavior, and
learning or memory.
61. Acknowledgements
61
Gene Ontology (GO)
Jane Lomax (EBI)
Chris Mungall (Berkeley)
iPlant
Ramona Walls (University of Arizona)
Plant Ontology (PO)
Pankaj Jaswal, Laurel Cooper, Justin Elser
(Oregon State University)
Dennis W. Stevenson, Ciaran Maloney
(New York Botanical Gardens)
Ontology for General Medical Sciences (OGMS)
Werner Ceusters (Buffalo)
Lindsay Cowell (Texas)
Albert Goldfain (Syracuse)
Alan Ruttenberg (Buffalo)
Richard Scheuermann (J. Craig Venter Institute)