Presentation at the opening of the Humanomics Research Centre at the University of Copenhagen, 7 February 2014
For background links see: http://philosophome.org/
We describe the methodology of omics disciplines in biology, and consider how analogous methods might be applied in humanities disciplines, focusing specifically on philosophy. We conclude by outlining a possible strategy for a research center in humanomics, identifying possible sources of data in the philosophical domain.
In a lecture, delivered in Vienna in 1894 and dedicated "to the academic youth of Austria-Hungary", Franz Brentano outlined four phases of advance and decline which he saw as providing the key to the understanding of the history of Western philosophy. In the first cycle, in antiquity, the initial advancing phase culminated in the work of Aristotle, and was followed by three phases of decline, terminating in the irrational mysticism of the Neo-Pythagoreans. These four phases then repeated themselves: in the Middle Ages, beginning with Aquinas and ending with the "learned ignorance" of Nicholas of Cusa; and then in the modern period, beginning with Bacon and reaching its low point in the work of Kant, Fichte, Schelling, and Hegel. In the contemporary era we are currently witnessing the end of the fourth cycle in the work of (for example) Derrida, Rorty; but also the beginnings of a new, fifth cycle, which is described in the talk. (Presented at the conference Consequences of Realism, Rome, May 4-6, 2014.)
Philosophical pedagogies are typically based on abstract discussion of texts, and have remained largely unchanged throughout the history of the subject. However, there is a considerable body of research which suggests that this is unsuited to some learning styles and may discourage some students from prolonged study (AEL, 2003; Pashler et al, 2008). Many prefer to learn through visual cues and models alongside engaging with literature resources. Students with learning needs like dyslexia might find the emphasis on the written word to be a considerable barrier to philosophical study. Simultaneously, there are ever greater numbers of websites, apps and mashups dedicated to the study of philosophy which sometimes do little more than recreate printed materials in a digital environment.
This presentation explores the potential for introducing and integrating visual pedagogies into teaching and learning philosophy by reviewing a number of different styles of visualization and their possible use in educational scenarios with a particular focus on education and the appropriate use of digital technologies.
We can distinguish two families of approaches to the building of ontologies -- corresponding roughly to the contrast between 'neats' and 'scruffies' in artificial intelligence research. We describe the implications of each approach for the building of an ontology of philosophy, focusing especially on the Indiana Philosophy Ontology (InPhO) project led by Colin Allen.
A video presentation based on these slides is available here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5HV3M0NvyPM
An application of Basic Formal Ontology to the Ontology of Services and Commo...Barry Smith
Basic Formal Ontology (BFO) is an upper level ontology widely used in biomedical informatics and other domains to support information integration across disciplines, We here apply BFO to the development of a coherent ontological treatment of the distinction between commodities and services.
In a lecture, delivered in Vienna in 1894 and dedicated "to the academic youth of Austria-Hungary", Franz Brentano outlined four phases of advance and decline which he saw as providing the key to the understanding of the history of Western philosophy. In the first cycle, in antiquity, the initial advancing phase culminated in the work of Aristotle, and was followed by three phases of decline, terminating in the irrational mysticism of the Neo-Pythagoreans. These four phases then repeated themselves: in the Middle Ages, beginning with Aquinas and ending with the "learned ignorance" of Nicholas of Cusa; and then in the modern period, beginning with Bacon and reaching its low point in the work of Kant, Fichte, Schelling, and Hegel. In the contemporary era we are currently witnessing the end of the fourth cycle in the work of (for example) Derrida, Rorty; but also the beginnings of a new, fifth cycle, which is described in the talk. (Presented at the conference Consequences of Realism, Rome, May 4-6, 2014.)
Philosophical pedagogies are typically based on abstract discussion of texts, and have remained largely unchanged throughout the history of the subject. However, there is a considerable body of research which suggests that this is unsuited to some learning styles and may discourage some students from prolonged study (AEL, 2003; Pashler et al, 2008). Many prefer to learn through visual cues and models alongside engaging with literature resources. Students with learning needs like dyslexia might find the emphasis on the written word to be a considerable barrier to philosophical study. Simultaneously, there are ever greater numbers of websites, apps and mashups dedicated to the study of philosophy which sometimes do little more than recreate printed materials in a digital environment.
This presentation explores the potential for introducing and integrating visual pedagogies into teaching and learning philosophy by reviewing a number of different styles of visualization and their possible use in educational scenarios with a particular focus on education and the appropriate use of digital technologies.
We can distinguish two families of approaches to the building of ontologies -- corresponding roughly to the contrast between 'neats' and 'scruffies' in artificial intelligence research. We describe the implications of each approach for the building of an ontology of philosophy, focusing especially on the Indiana Philosophy Ontology (InPhO) project led by Colin Allen.
A video presentation based on these slides is available here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5HV3M0NvyPM
An application of Basic Formal Ontology to the Ontology of Services and Commo...Barry Smith
Basic Formal Ontology (BFO) is an upper level ontology widely used in biomedical informatics and other domains to support information integration across disciplines, We here apply BFO to the development of a coherent ontological treatment of the distinction between commodities and services.
Ways of Worldmarking: The Ontology of the EruvBarry Smith
‘Eruv’ is a Hebrew word meaning literally ‘mixture’ or ‘mingling’. An eruv is an urban region demarcated within a larger urban region by means of a boundary made up of telephone wires or similar markers. Through the creation of the eruv, the smaller region is turned symbolically (halachically = according to Jewish law) into a private domain. So long as they remain within the boundaries of the eruv, Orthodox Jews may engage in activities that would otherwise be prohibited on the Sabbath, such as pushing prams or wheelchairs, or carrying walking sticks. There are eruvim in many towns and university campuses throughout the world. There are five eruvim in Chicago, five in Brooklyn, twenty three in Queens and Long Island, and at least three in Manhattan. The US Supreme Court is (like most other major US Federal Government buildings) located within the eruv of Washington DC. In many cases, not all of those living within or near the area of an actual or proposed eruv will themselves be Orthodox Jews, and this has sometimes led to protests against eruv creation. For further details see http://ontology.buffalo.edu/smith/articles/eruv.pdf
Contemporary philosophy of collective agency, as illustrated by the work of Searle, Bratman, Gilbert, Pettit and others, focuses predominantly on small groups of agents sharing common goals. In his groundbreaking paper “Massively Shared Agency” of 2014, Scott Shapiro shows the limits of this approach when dealing with the large groups of agents that form industrial corporations, armies, or systems of law enforcement. Such groups will involve alienated or uncommitted participants pursuing motives of their own. And as Shapiro shows, they can manifest shared agency only when the actions of all participants are coordinated through authority structures organized hierarchically. Here I wish to focus on that dimension of massively shared agency that has to do with the transmission of authority. I will show that while such transmission almost always involves communication through speech (or through the digital counterparts of speech), transmission of this sort is too transient,
and falls short of creating the type of enduring intermeshing of plans and intentions that is required for the imposition of hierarchical authority structures across large organizations. To create and maintain the needed hierarchical authority structures what is required are complexes of intermeshed documents. Such documents provide for what we can think of as a division of deontic labor, allowing plans, orders, and obligations to be meshed together over time.
Presented at the conference on Truth, Image and Normativity, Cagliari, Sardinia, October 23, 2014
Increasingly, biological and clinical scientists are using ontologies to serve integration and coordination of research across diverse organisms and scientific fields. Ontologies, in this context, are logically organized collections of terms defined in such a way that they can be used consistently across multiple disciplines to describe clinical and experimental data. Ontologies are used in aging research to unify experimental results from a broad range of fields including genetics, proteomics, (stem) cell biology, oncology, model organism biology, psychogerontology, and many more. We will explore against this background questions such as the following: What is aging? What is premature aging? And more specifically: Is aging a disease?
There is blind chess but there is no blind poker. This is because to play poker essentially involves the use of cards and chips (or representations of or proxies for cards and chips). A game of chess, in contrast, may involve only the exchange of speech acts. We draw initial conclusions for the ontology of poker from this distinction.
Talk presented on March 14, 2014
For video presentation see http://www.youtube.com/edit?video_id=PgwpR9NPKzw
Clinical trial data wants to be free: Lessons from the ImmPort Immunology Dat...Barry Smith
Presentation to the Clinical and Research Ethics Seminar, Clinical and Translational Science Center, Buffalo, January 21, 2014
https://immport.niaid.nih.gov/
http://youtu.be/booqxkpvJMg
Presentation to ImmPort Science Meeting, February 27, 2014 on the proper treatment of value sets in the Immport Immunology Database and Analysis Portal
IAO-Intel: An Ontology of Information Artifacts in the Intelligence DomainBarry Smith
We describe on-going work on IAO-Intel, an information artifact ontology developed as part of a suite of ontologies designed to support the needs of intelligence community. IAO-Intel provides a controlled, structured vocabulary for the consistent formulation of metadata about documents, images, emails and other carriers of information. It will provide a resource for uniform explication of the terms used in multiple existing military dictionaries, thesauri and metadata registries, thereby enhancing the degree to
which the content formulated with their aid will be available to computational reasoning.
Presented at the 2013 STIDS (Semantic Technology for Intelligence, Defense and Security) conference: http://stids.c4i.gmu.edu/
Talk presented at the conference on the Philosophy of Emerging Media, Boston University, October 26-27, 2013
If you try to find information about a gene or a molecule or a restaurant or a sports team or a politician on the web, it’s likely that some ontology will be involved in your search. An ontology is (briefly put) a semantically organized consensus representation of the types of entities in a given domain and of the relations between these entities – it is something like a large graph of the way some part of the world is structured. So important have ontologies become to organizations such as the BBC or the New York Times, that there is a running joke in the Semantic Web community to the effect that the Columbia School of Journalism is about to be renamed the Columbia School of Journalism and Ontology. I will attempt to draw conclusions from these phenomena concerning the ways in which social interactions are being influenced, and to some degree also transformed, by digital media.
Surveys a series of ethical, economic, clinical and also safety issues relating to the application of informatics to healthcare, focusing especially on the role of informatics in the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. Talk presented in the University at Buffalo Clinical/Research Ethics Seminar - Ethics, Informatics and Obamacare, November 20, 2012. Slides are available here: http://ontology.buffalo.edu/13/ethics-informatics-obamacare.pptx
The idea underlying biomedical ontology is that, if common terms are used to annotate or tag heterogeneous data collected by scientists working in different disciplines, then these data will be more easily reused for integration and
analysis. To this end, the terms in ontologies need to be carefully defined. Smith examines definitions
of terms central to ageing research in this light, focusing on the Gene Ontology (GO), the Foundational Model of Anatomy Ontology (FMA) and the Plant Ontology (PO).
ImmPort strategies to enhance discoverability of clinical trial dataBarry Smith
Describes strategies for submission of clinical trial data to the NIAID Immunology Database and Analysis Portal in order to advance discoverability, comparability and analysis
Introduces the idea of a theory of document acts, analogous to the theory of social acts advocated in 1913 by Adolf Reinach, and to the theory of speech acts advanced by Austin and Searle.
Ontology and the National Cancer Institute Thesaurus (2005)Barry Smith
The National Cancer Institute Thesaurus is described by its authors as "a biomedical vocabulary that provides consistent, unambiguous codes and definitions for concepts used in cancer research" and which "exhibits ontology-like properties in its construction and use". We performed a qualitative analysis of the Thesaurus in order to assess its conformity with principles of good practice in terminology and ontology design.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
We used both the on-line browsable version of the Thesaurus and its OWL-representation (version 04.08b, released on August 2, 2004), measuring each in light of the requirements put forward in relevant ISO terminology standards and in light of ontological principles advanced in the recent literature.
RESULTS:
We found many mistakes and inconsistencies with respect to the term-formation principles used, the underlying knowledge representation system, and missing or inappropriately assigned verbal and formal definitions.
CONCLUSION:
Version 04.08b of the NCI Thesaurus suffers from the same broad range of problems that have been observed in other biomedical terminologies. For its further development, we recommend the use of a more principled approach that allows the Thesaurus to be tested not just for internal consistency but also for its degree of correspondence to that part of reality which it is designed to represent.
Introduction to the Logic of DefinitionsBarry Smith
We focus on definitions for common nouns such as 'human being' and 'leukocyte'
A definition, for terms such as this, is a statement of necessary and sufficient conditions for an entity's falling under an instance of the type to which the term refers.
Such definitions should be of Aristotelian form, which means that they specify the genus, and state what it is about certain instances of this genus in virtue of which they are instances of the type (species) defined.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Ways of Worldmarking: The Ontology of the EruvBarry Smith
‘Eruv’ is a Hebrew word meaning literally ‘mixture’ or ‘mingling’. An eruv is an urban region demarcated within a larger urban region by means of a boundary made up of telephone wires or similar markers. Through the creation of the eruv, the smaller region is turned symbolically (halachically = according to Jewish law) into a private domain. So long as they remain within the boundaries of the eruv, Orthodox Jews may engage in activities that would otherwise be prohibited on the Sabbath, such as pushing prams or wheelchairs, or carrying walking sticks. There are eruvim in many towns and university campuses throughout the world. There are five eruvim in Chicago, five in Brooklyn, twenty three in Queens and Long Island, and at least three in Manhattan. The US Supreme Court is (like most other major US Federal Government buildings) located within the eruv of Washington DC. In many cases, not all of those living within or near the area of an actual or proposed eruv will themselves be Orthodox Jews, and this has sometimes led to protests against eruv creation. For further details see http://ontology.buffalo.edu/smith/articles/eruv.pdf
Contemporary philosophy of collective agency, as illustrated by the work of Searle, Bratman, Gilbert, Pettit and others, focuses predominantly on small groups of agents sharing common goals. In his groundbreaking paper “Massively Shared Agency” of 2014, Scott Shapiro shows the limits of this approach when dealing with the large groups of agents that form industrial corporations, armies, or systems of law enforcement. Such groups will involve alienated or uncommitted participants pursuing motives of their own. And as Shapiro shows, they can manifest shared agency only when the actions of all participants are coordinated through authority structures organized hierarchically. Here I wish to focus on that dimension of massively shared agency that has to do with the transmission of authority. I will show that while such transmission almost always involves communication through speech (or through the digital counterparts of speech), transmission of this sort is too transient,
and falls short of creating the type of enduring intermeshing of plans and intentions that is required for the imposition of hierarchical authority structures across large organizations. To create and maintain the needed hierarchical authority structures what is required are complexes of intermeshed documents. Such documents provide for what we can think of as a division of deontic labor, allowing plans, orders, and obligations to be meshed together over time.
Presented at the conference on Truth, Image and Normativity, Cagliari, Sardinia, October 23, 2014
Increasingly, biological and clinical scientists are using ontologies to serve integration and coordination of research across diverse organisms and scientific fields. Ontologies, in this context, are logically organized collections of terms defined in such a way that they can be used consistently across multiple disciplines to describe clinical and experimental data. Ontologies are used in aging research to unify experimental results from a broad range of fields including genetics, proteomics, (stem) cell biology, oncology, model organism biology, psychogerontology, and many more. We will explore against this background questions such as the following: What is aging? What is premature aging? And more specifically: Is aging a disease?
There is blind chess but there is no blind poker. This is because to play poker essentially involves the use of cards and chips (or representations of or proxies for cards and chips). A game of chess, in contrast, may involve only the exchange of speech acts. We draw initial conclusions for the ontology of poker from this distinction.
Talk presented on March 14, 2014
For video presentation see http://www.youtube.com/edit?video_id=PgwpR9NPKzw
Clinical trial data wants to be free: Lessons from the ImmPort Immunology Dat...Barry Smith
Presentation to the Clinical and Research Ethics Seminar, Clinical and Translational Science Center, Buffalo, January 21, 2014
https://immport.niaid.nih.gov/
http://youtu.be/booqxkpvJMg
Presentation to ImmPort Science Meeting, February 27, 2014 on the proper treatment of value sets in the Immport Immunology Database and Analysis Portal
IAO-Intel: An Ontology of Information Artifacts in the Intelligence DomainBarry Smith
We describe on-going work on IAO-Intel, an information artifact ontology developed as part of a suite of ontologies designed to support the needs of intelligence community. IAO-Intel provides a controlled, structured vocabulary for the consistent formulation of metadata about documents, images, emails and other carriers of information. It will provide a resource for uniform explication of the terms used in multiple existing military dictionaries, thesauri and metadata registries, thereby enhancing the degree to
which the content formulated with their aid will be available to computational reasoning.
Presented at the 2013 STIDS (Semantic Technology for Intelligence, Defense and Security) conference: http://stids.c4i.gmu.edu/
Talk presented at the conference on the Philosophy of Emerging Media, Boston University, October 26-27, 2013
If you try to find information about a gene or a molecule or a restaurant or a sports team or a politician on the web, it’s likely that some ontology will be involved in your search. An ontology is (briefly put) a semantically organized consensus representation of the types of entities in a given domain and of the relations between these entities – it is something like a large graph of the way some part of the world is structured. So important have ontologies become to organizations such as the BBC or the New York Times, that there is a running joke in the Semantic Web community to the effect that the Columbia School of Journalism is about to be renamed the Columbia School of Journalism and Ontology. I will attempt to draw conclusions from these phenomena concerning the ways in which social interactions are being influenced, and to some degree also transformed, by digital media.
Surveys a series of ethical, economic, clinical and also safety issues relating to the application of informatics to healthcare, focusing especially on the role of informatics in the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. Talk presented in the University at Buffalo Clinical/Research Ethics Seminar - Ethics, Informatics and Obamacare, November 20, 2012. Slides are available here: http://ontology.buffalo.edu/13/ethics-informatics-obamacare.pptx
The idea underlying biomedical ontology is that, if common terms are used to annotate or tag heterogeneous data collected by scientists working in different disciplines, then these data will be more easily reused for integration and
analysis. To this end, the terms in ontologies need to be carefully defined. Smith examines definitions
of terms central to ageing research in this light, focusing on the Gene Ontology (GO), the Foundational Model of Anatomy Ontology (FMA) and the Plant Ontology (PO).
ImmPort strategies to enhance discoverability of clinical trial dataBarry Smith
Describes strategies for submission of clinical trial data to the NIAID Immunology Database and Analysis Portal in order to advance discoverability, comparability and analysis
Introduces the idea of a theory of document acts, analogous to the theory of social acts advocated in 1913 by Adolf Reinach, and to the theory of speech acts advanced by Austin and Searle.
Ontology and the National Cancer Institute Thesaurus (2005)Barry Smith
The National Cancer Institute Thesaurus is described by its authors as "a biomedical vocabulary that provides consistent, unambiguous codes and definitions for concepts used in cancer research" and which "exhibits ontology-like properties in its construction and use". We performed a qualitative analysis of the Thesaurus in order to assess its conformity with principles of good practice in terminology and ontology design.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
We used both the on-line browsable version of the Thesaurus and its OWL-representation (version 04.08b, released on August 2, 2004), measuring each in light of the requirements put forward in relevant ISO terminology standards and in light of ontological principles advanced in the recent literature.
RESULTS:
We found many mistakes and inconsistencies with respect to the term-formation principles used, the underlying knowledge representation system, and missing or inappropriately assigned verbal and formal definitions.
CONCLUSION:
Version 04.08b of the NCI Thesaurus suffers from the same broad range of problems that have been observed in other biomedical terminologies. For its further development, we recommend the use of a more principled approach that allows the Thesaurus to be tested not just for internal consistency but also for its degree of correspondence to that part of reality which it is designed to represent.
Introduction to the Logic of DefinitionsBarry Smith
We focus on definitions for common nouns such as 'human being' and 'leukocyte'
A definition, for terms such as this, is a statement of necessary and sufficient conditions for an entity's falling under an instance of the type to which the term refers.
Such definitions should be of Aristotelian form, which means that they specify the genus, and state what it is about certain instances of this genus in virtue of which they are instances of the type (species) defined.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
12. answer: by tagging data with terms from a
controlled vocabulary such as the Gene Ontology
GO: age-dependent behavioral decline
GO: sphingolipid transporter activity
GO: Holliday junction helicase complex
12
13. For example by tagging sequence
data
MKVSDRRKFEKANFDEFESALNNKNDLVHCPSITLFESIPTEVRSFYEDEKSGLIKVVKFRTGAMDRKRSFEKVVIS
VMVGKNVKKFLTFVEDEPDFQGGPIPSKYLIPKKINLMVYTLFQVHTLKFNRKDYDTLSLFYLNRGYYNELSFRVLE
RCHEIASARPNDSSTMRTFTDFVSGAPIVRSLQKSTIRKYGYNLAPYMFLLLHVDELSIFSAYQASLPGEKKVDTER
LKRDLCPRKPIEIKYFSQICNDMMNKKDRLGDILHIILRACALNFGAGPRGGAGDEEDRSITNEEPIIPSVDEHGLKV
CKLRSPNTPRRLRKTLDAVKALLVSSCACTARDLDIFDDNNGVAMWKWIKILYHEVAQETTLKDSYRITLVPSSDGI
SLLAFAGPQRNVYVDDTTRRIQLYTDYNKNGSSEPRLKTLDGLTSDYVFYFVTVLRQMQICALGNSYDAFNHDPW
MDVVGFEDPNQVTNRDISRIVLYSYMFLNTAKGCLVEYATFRQYMRELPKNAPQKLNFREMRQGLIALGRHCVGS
RFETDLYESATSELMANHSVQTGRNIYGVDSFSLTSVSGTTATLLQERASERWIQWLGLESDYHCSFSSTRNAED
VVAGEAASSNHHQKISRVTRKRPREPKSTNDILVAGQKLFGSSFEFRDLHQLRLCYEIYMADTPSVAVQAPPGYG
KTELFHLPLIALASKGDVEYVSFLFVPYTVLLANCMIRLGRRGCLNVAPVRNFIEEGYDGVTDLYVGIYDDLASTNFT
DRIAAWENIVECTFRTNNVKLGYLIVDEFHNFETEVYRQSQFGGITNLDFDAFEKAIFLSGTAPEAVADAALQRIG
age-dependent
behavioral decline
LTGLAKKSMDINELKRSEDLSRGLSSYPTRMFNLIKEKSEVPLGHVHKIRKKVESQPEEALKLL
LALFESEPESKAIVVASTTNEVEELACSWRKYFRVVWIHGKLGAAEKVSRTKEFVTDGSMQVLI
GTKLVTEGIDIKQLMMVIMLDNRLNIIELIQGVGRLRDGGLCYLLSRKNSWAARNRKGELPPKEGCITE
QVREFYGLESKKGKKGQHVGCCGSRTDLSADTVELIERMDRLAEKQATASMSIVALPSSFQESNSSDRYRKYCS
SDEDSNTCIHGSANASTNASTNAITTASTNVRTNATTNASTNATTNASTNASTNATTNASTNATTNSSTNATTTAST
NVRTSATTTASINVRTSATTTESTNSSTNATTTESTNSSTNATTTESTNSNTSATTTASINVRTSATTTESTNSSTSA
TTTASINVRTSATTTKSINSSTNATTTESTNSNTNATTTESTNSSTNATTTESTNSSTNATTTESTNSNTSAATTEST
NSNTSATTTESTNASAKEDANKDGNAEDNRFHPVTDINKESYKRKGSQMVLLERKKLKAQFPNTSENMNVLQFLG
FRSDEIKHLFLYGIDIYFCPEGVFTQYGLCKGCQKMFELCVCWAGQKVSYRRIAWEALAVERMLRNDEEYKEYLE
DIEPYHGDPVGYLKYFSVKRREIYSQIQRNYAWYLAITRRRETISVLDSTRGKQGSQVFRMSGRQIKELYFKVWSN
LRESKTEVLQYFLNWDEKKCQEEWEAKDDTVVVEALEKGGVFQRLRSMTSAGLQGPQYVKLQFSRHHRQLRSR
YELSLGMHLRDQIALGVTPSKVPHWTAFLSMLIGLFYNKTFRQKLEYLLEQISEVWLLPHWLDLANVEVLAADDTR
VPLYMLMVAVHKELDSDDVPDGRFDILLCRDSSREVGELIGLFYNKTFRQKLEYLLEQISEVWLLPHWLDLANVEVL
AADDTRVPLYMLMVAVHKELDSDDVPDGRFDILLCRDSSREVGELIGLFYNKTFRQKLEYLLEQISEVWLLPHWLD
LANVEVLAADDTRVPLYMLMVAVHKELDSDDVPDGRFDILLCRDSSREVGE
13
15. fosters discoverability of information in
heterogeneous databases
GlyProt
MouseEcotope
Holliday junction
helicase complex
DiabetInGene
GluChem
15
16. Figure 3.
tagging of literature
RB Reis, GS Ribeiro, RDM Felzemburgh, et al., Impact of Environment and Social Gradient n Leptospira Infection in Urban Slums
Shotton D, Portwin K, Klyne G, Miles A (2009) Adventures in Semantic Publishing: Exemplar Semantic Enhancements of a
Research Article. PLoS Comput Biol 5(4): e1000361. doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000361
http://www.ploscompbiol.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000361
22. At the interface between
biomedical omics and
humanomics
The Emotion Ontology
Barry Smith and Janna Hastings*
*Swiss Centre for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland and
Cheminformatics and Metabolism Team, European Bioinformatics Institute
23. Many kinds of data
emotional functioning, regulation,
expression, and physiological markers
neuroimaging
chemistry (alcohol, …)
affective disorders such as bipolar,
depression and schizoaffective disorder
emotions in organizational behavior, politics …
emotions in the literature, drama, dance, …
Sunday, February 16, 2014
23
30. a short movement of one lower leg
crossing the other leg with the foot
pointing outward
•
•
•
•
part of a mannequin’s step on the catwalk
an epileptic jerk
the kicking of a ball by a soccer player
a signal (“Get out!”) issued in heated
conversation
30
32. Answer: build the danceome
= a collection (knowledgebase) of all the digital
artifacts (data, literature, images) we have
pertaining to dance, including
• journalism, fiction, history, …
• biographies of dancers, dance impressarios, …
• paintings, photographs, vidoes, dress patterns,
museum artifacts …
• choreographical scores …
32/
33. Convention for the Safeguarding of the
Intangible Cultural Heritage (UNESCO 2003)
The earlier “folklore” model supported scholars
and institutions in documenting and preserving
a record of disappearing traditions.
The more recent model aims to sustain a living
tradition by supporting the conditions
necessary for cultural reproduction.
33
34. At the same time build a Dance
Ontology
combine it with a Music Ontology, a Dress
Ontology, a Body Movement Ontology …
and use the result to annotate the
danceome
34/
36. A collection of data and literature relating to
– people
– sociology
• schools
• movements
• places
• organizations
• surrounding cultural and historical events
– publications, editions
– ideas, examples and counterexamples,
arguments and counterarguments, evidence
…
36
37. What is the philosophome?
A collection of data and literature relating to
–people
– sociology
•
•
•
•
•
schools
movements
places
organizations
surrounding cultural and historical events
– publications, editions
– ideas, examples and counterexamples, arguments
37
and counterarguments, evidence …
38. The Philosophy Family Tree
An academic genealogy of philosophers
Only one type of link: is_Doktorvater_of
• as wiki
• as indented list
• as linked graph
The largest (and longest) chain of links begins
with Leibniz (plus orphans such as Plato)
140,000 entries
From 1930 onwards, overwhelmingly Danish
Anglo-Saxon
38/
48. Other contributions to the
Philosophome
•
•
•
•
•
Randall Collins, The Sociology of Philosophies
Holenstein’s Philosophie-Atlas
Philosophy Ideas
PhilPapers
Harzing’s Publish or Perish
48/
58. Harzing’s Publish or Perish
http://www.harzing.com/
(based on Google scholar)
find me all the literature in which
Stjernfelt, Copenhagen and the devil
are simultaneously mentioned
58
69. A modest proposal for a
Humanomics Research Centre
1. adopt the Philosophy Family Tree and
extend it, both geographically and
ontologically
2. create a suite of coordinated ontologies in
philosophy and in neighboring areas of
the humanities
3. use these ontologies to curate literature
and to tag data about humanities
research in Denmark and in the rest of
the known universe
69
70. A modest proposal for a
Humanomics Research Centre
4. test the value of such tagging in
promoting discoverability of
• data
• literature
• persons (including precursors,
potential collaborators)
• funders
70
Editor's Notes
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?db=nuccore&id=116006492sequence of X chromosome in baker’s yeast
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?db=nuccore&id=116006492sequence of X chromosome in baker’s yeast
Ontologies are tools widely used in the biomedical sciences for the annotation of high-throughput data, the disambiguation of terminology used in scientific communication, and to enable principled aggregation of disparate data being generated by a variety of methods so as to facilitate complex statistical analyses. With the Emotion Ontology, we are developing such a tool for a wide range of applications within the affective sciences. The deployment and use of the ontology for complex data annotation depends on a consensus within the scientific community as to the nature of the objects of research within the domain and the organisation of these descriptive categories into a formal hierarchy. Logic-based definitions based on Description Logics, the decidable family of fragments of first-order logic that underlies the international standard Web Ontology Language (OWL), allow enhanced computability based on the ontology, bringing benefits to the user such as automatic error detection and consistency checking. In this talk I will give a broad overview of the field of bio-ontologies, both the applications and the underlying technologies, and discuss the preliminary structure of the Emotion Ontology which is currently under development as well as its potential applications.
Affective science is the study of emotions and of affective phenomena suchas moods, affects and bodily feelings. It combines the perspectives of many dis-ciplines, such as neuroscience, psychology and philosophy [2]. Emotions have adeep and profound influence on all aspects of human functioning, and altered ordysfunctional emotional responses are implicated in both the etiology and thesymptomology of many pathological conditions. Depression, for example, whichis characterised by abnormally low affect and generally attened emotional re-actions, is one of the fastest-growing public health problems in many countries,corresponding to massive growth in sales of pharmaceuticals (and other sub-stances) which target human aect